1. What is regarded as the most productive position for the dump truck to be in when being loaded by a wheeled loading shovel working from a stockpile?
The most productive position is for the dump truck to be positioned perpendicular to the stockpile, creating a straight line between the loading shovel and the truck. This allows for efficient loading without the need for excessive maneuvering by either machine.
2. Many loading shovels have a turbo-charged engine. a) What is the normal procedure before switching off the engine after working and b) what happens if the procedure is not followed?
a) The normal procedure before switching off the engine after working is to allow it to idle for a few minutes. This helps cool down the turbocharger and prevents damage.
b) If the procedure is not followed and the engine is immediately switched off after working, the turbocharger can heat up excessively due to the lack of cooling. This can lead to damage, such as warping or cracking of the turbocharger components. Repairs or replacement of the turbocharger may be necessary, resulting in additional costs and downtime.
3. a) What is the purpose of a Method Statement and b) what is required of the operator?
a) The purpose of a Method Statement is to outline the approach and sequence of work for a particular task or activity. It provides details on how the work will be carried out, including potential hazards and the control measures to mitigate them. It helps ensure that the work is done safely and efficiently, with clear guidelines for all involved.
b) The operator of a wheeled loading shovel is required to have the necessary training and competency to operate the machine safely. They must follow the manufacturer's instructions and any specific operating procedures outlined in the Method Statement. Safety checks should be performed before starting the work, and the operator should be mindful of any hazards, such as overhead power lines or unstable ground. Regular maintenance and inspections of the machine are also necessary for safe operation.
4. Name THREE conditions that mirrors on the machine must be in.
To be compliant, mirrors on a wheeled loading shovel must be in three conditions:
1. Clean: Mirrors should be kept clean and free from dirt, debris, or any obstructions that can impair visibility.
2. Adjusted: Mirrors need to be correctly positioned and aligned to provide the best possible view to the operator, reducing blind spots.
3. Intact: Mirrors should be in good condition, without any cracks or damage that can compromise their effectiveness or pose safety risks.
5. The operator has to fit and use a new bucket using a quick-hitch coupler that they are unfamiliar with. What do Regulations (i.e. PUWER 98) and other guidance require the operator to have?
Under the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER 98), the operator of a wheeled loading shovel must be provided with suitable instructions, information, and training for using the quick-hitch coupler. Additionally, the operator should receive adequate supervision to ensure their competence to safely use the new bucket and coupler. Other guidance emphasizes the importance of thorough training, referring to the need for the operator to have a good understanding of the equipment's safe use and any specific risks associated with the quick-hitch coupler.
6. Who should determine the maximum load that should be placed into the body of the dump truck?
The maximum load capacity of a dump truck should be determined by the manufacturer. They conduct thorough testing and provide guidelines to ensure safe and optimal performance. It is important to adhere to these recommendations to avoid overloading the vehicle, which can lead to dangerous situations, damage to the truck, and potential legal issues. Always consult the manufacturer's specifications for the specific model and follow their guidelines for maximum load capacity.
7. If setting up to work in a pedestrianised area, state THREE factors that need to be taken into account.
When working with a wheeled loading shovel in a pedestrianised area, three factors that need to be considered are:
1. Safety: Ensure that appropriate measures are put in place to protect pedestrians from potential hazards, such as barriers or warning signs.
2. Noise and Dust: Take precautions to minimize the noise and dust generated by the shovel to avoid causing inconvenience or harm to pedestrians in the area.
3. Traffic Flow: Plan carefully to avoid blocking pedestrian routes or obstructing traffic. Consider working during off-peak hours to minimize disruption to the flow of people in the area.
It is crucial to prioritize pedestrian safety and minimize any impact on their daily activities when operating in a pedestrianised area.
8. What problems and hazards can soft ground cause to a loaded loading shovel?
Soft ground can pose several problems and hazards to a loaded loading shovel. The main issues are traction and stability. Soft ground can cause the wheels of the loading shovel to sink, resulting in decreased traction and difficulty in maneuvering. This can lead to slippage, loss of control, and increased chances of accidents. Additionally, soft ground can decrease the stability of the loaded shovel, increasing the risk of tipping over. It is important to avoid operating a loaded loading shovel in soft ground whenever possible to mitigate these hazards.
9. If checking the oil level using a dipstick, why must gloves be worn?
Gloves should be worn when checking the oil level using a dipstick to protect your hands from potential contact with hot surfaces or sharp objects. Safety precautions are essential to prevent injuries and ensure your well-being. Always prioritize personal protection equipment (PPE) while conducting any maintenance or inspection tasks.
10. Why must the seat belt be worn, even with the cab door closed?
The seat belt must be worn in a wheeled loading shovel, even with the cab door closed, for safety reasons. It helps protect the operator in case of sudden stops or accidents. Seat belts are designed to prevent ejection or severe injuries during collisions or rollovers. Even if the cab door is closed, unexpected circumstances can still occur on construction sites. Wearing a seat belt is a standard safety practice that minimizes the risk of harm to the operator.
11. If the loading shovel is being travelled or working on the public highway, including adjacent pavement and verges, The Road Traffic Act applies. a) What type of licence and which classes should the operator hold and b) what is the minimum age allowed?
a) The operator of a wheeled loading shovel on the public highway would require a valid driving licence. The specific classes required would depend on the weight and configuration of the vehicle. The licence classes relevant to operating this type of vehicle are typically B and C.
b) The minimum age requirement to operate a wheeled loading shovel on the public highway would be 17 years old for categories B and C.
12. Where should the loading shovel's Operator's Manual be kept and why?
The loading shovel's Operator's Manual should be kept in a secure location within easy reach of the operator. This ensures that the manual can be accessed quickly in case of emergencies or when guidance is required during operation. Additionally, keeping the manual in a designated place prevents it from getting lost or damaged, ensuring its availability for future reference. Overall, having the Operator's Manual readily accessible promotes safety and allows the operator to access important information about the machine's operation and maintenance.
13. If the operator has loaded the machine onto a transporter/trailer on behalf of a driver, what checks must be carried out before they leave the cab?
Before leaving the cab, the operator of the wheeled loading shovel should perform the following checks:
1. Ensure that the machine is securely positioned on the transporter/trailer and properly restrained to prevent movement during transportation.
2. Verify that all safety devices, such as seat belts and handrails, are in good working condition.
3. Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the loader's brake system, including checking the brake pedal for proper operation and testing the emergency brake.
4. Confirm that all lights and indicators are functional, including brake lights and turn signals.
5. Finally, double-check that all required documentation, such as permits and licenses, are in order.
By completing these checks, the operator can help ensure the safe transportation of the wheeled loading shovel.
14. How can a qualification or card benefit a plant operator?
A qualification or card can benefit a plant operator by enhancing their competency and employability in the construction industry. It demonstrates that the individual has the necessary skills and knowledge to operate a wheeled loading shovel safely and effectively. Employers often require operators to hold relevant qualifications or cards as it ensures compliance with industry standards and regulations. Additionally, having a qualification or card may open up opportunities for higher pay and career progression. It also provides reassurance to clients and colleagues that the operator is competent and capable in their role.
15. During work, the engine starts to overheat. Explain the danger if someone tries to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap.
Removing the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is overheating can cause serious injury or even death due to the high pressure and hot fluids that may be released. The sudden release of hot steam and fluid can cause severe burns and scalds. It is crucial to allow the engine to cool down completely before attempting to remove any caps or perform any maintenance. Additionally, it is always recommended to wear appropriate personal protective equipment and follow the manufacturer's instructions for safe maintenance procedures.
16. a) Give ONE advantage and b) TWO disadvantages of rear-mounted cameras.
a) One advantage of rear-mounted cameras on wheeled loading shovels is improved visibility, allowing the operator to see objects and individuals behind the vehicle, reducing the risk of accidents.
b) Two disadvantages of rear-mounted cameras on wheeled loading shovels are potential distortion or obstruction of the camera view due to dirt or debris, which can affect the accuracy of the operator's judgment. Additionally, rear-mounted cameras may require additional maintenance and could be vulnerable to damage in rugged construction site environments, potentially leading to costly repairs or replacements.
17. What are the possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations?
Facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations in the construction industry can have several outcomes. These can include fines, penalties, or even imprisonment depending on the severity of the offenses. Additionally, a conviction can harm your professional reputation, affect future business opportunities, and potentially lead to the loss of necessary licenses or permits. It is essential to ensure compliance with legislation and regulations to avoid the potential consequences of prosecution.
18. If a load has to be tipped on a slope, what may happen if the load is tipped downhill and why?
If a load is tipped downhill on a slope by a wheeled loading shovel, there is a potential risk of the load tipping over or causing instability. This could happen due to the force of gravity pulling the load downwards, resulting in loss of control and balance. It is essential to consider the slope gradient, load weight, and stability of the machine before tipping on a slope. Adequate precautions and safety measures must be in place to prevent accidents and ensure stability during the tipping process.
19. When parking the machine at the end of the shift, name THREE places where the machine should NOT be parked.
The machine should not be parked in areas that obstruct emergency access, block fire exits, or impede the movement of other vehicles and pedestrians.
20. What is the purpose of the counterweight of the machine?
The counterweight of the wheeled loading shovel is designed to provide balance and stability to the machine. It helps to prevent the machine from tipping forward when lifting heavy loads with the front bucket. The counterweight is usually placed at the rear of the machine to balance the weight of the materials being lifted by the bucket. This ensures safe and efficient operation of the loading shovel.
21. An operator has been asked to transport a bucket of spoil down the public highway, for which the Road Traffic Act applies. What effect can this have on this activity?
Transporting a bucket of spoil on a public highway may require compliance with the Road Traffic Act. The act sets out regulations for the use of public roads, including vehicles and their loads. Failing to comply with these regulations can lead to legal consequences, such as fines or penalties. The operator should ensure they have the necessary permissions, adhere to any weight restrictions, and use appropriate safety measures. It is recommended to consult local regulations and seek expert advice to ensure compliance and avoid potential issues.
22. If the operator has to top-up the hydraulic oil, state TWO precautions to ensure cleanliness of the system.
Two precautions to ensure cleanliness of the hydraulic system when topping up the hydraulic oil in a wheeled loading shovel are:
1. Clean the top of the oil reservoir before opening it to prevent dirt or other contaminants from falling into the system.
2. Use clean equipment, such as funnels or transfer pumps, to avoid introducing contaminants into the hydraulic system.
23. What does The Health and Safety at Work Act require employers to do with regards specifically to plant?
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure the safety and health of employees when working with plant equipment, including wheeled loading shovels. Employers must assess and manage risks associated with the use of plant equipment, provide proper training and supervision to operators, and maintain the equipment in safe working condition. Additionally, employers must ensure that suitable safety measures are in place, including protective guards and safe systems of work, to prevent accidents and injuries while using plant equipment.
24. The operator is asked to tip material into a trench. State FIVE different requirements that must be considered or implemented before tipping commences.
Before tipping material into a trench with a wheeled loading shovel, the operator must consider or implement the following requirements:
1. Ensure adequate trench stability to support the weight of the tipped material.
2. Clear any obstructions or debris from the trench to avoid potential accidents or damage.
3. Assess the weight and volume of the material to prevent overloading or imbalance.
4. Confirm that the trench is free from any underground utilities or services that could be damaged.
5. Position the wheeled loading shovel safely and securely to avoid instability or tipping hazards.
25. The operator has been asked to drive the machine onto a transporter/trailer. a) Who is responsible for the loading operations and b) state FOUR actions to be considered by the operator before loading commences?
a) The operator is responsible for the loading operations.
b) Before loading commences, the operator should consider the following actions:
1. Ensure the transporter/trailer is stable, with appropriate ramps and suitable load-bearing capacity.
2. Inspect the loading area for any hazards or obstacles that may obstruct safe loading.
3. Secure any loose parts or attachments on the machine that may pose a risk during loading.
4. Confirm that the machine is aligned with the loading area and prepare to drive onto the transporter/trailer slowly and steadily.
26. Give THREE possible reasons why loading shovels should not stray off the designated travel routes.
1. Safety: Straying off designated travel routes can increase the risk of accidents and collisions with other vehicles or pedestrians. By staying within these routes, operators can ensure a safer working environment.
2. Damage to Infrastructure: Straying off the designated travel routes can cause damage to roads, footpaths, and other infrastructure. This can lead to costly repairs and disruptions to other users of these routes.
3. Environmental Impact: Driving off designated travel routes can cause damage to delicate ecosystems and habitats. It can also lead to erosion and soil compaction, impacting the local environment in negative ways. Staying on designated routes helps minimize these environmental impacts.
27. Apart from the operator, who else may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual?
Other individuals who may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual include supervisors, maintenance technicians, and health and safety personnel. Supervisors may need to refer to the manual to understand the machine's capabilities and limitations in order to effectively manage and allocate resources. Maintenance technicians may refer to the manual for troubleshooting or performing routine maintenance tasks. Health and safety personnel may need to reference the manual to ensure compliance with safety procedures and regulations.
28. Before manually changing any bucket: a) Where should the bucket be positioned (in relation to the ground) before removing the final pin and b) explain why?
(a) The bucket should be lowered to the ground before removing the final pin.
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b) This is to ensure stability and prevent the bucket from swinging or falling, which could be hazardous. Lowering the bucket to the ground provides a solid foundation and helps maintain balance.
29. Whenever possible, who should decide the positioning of the dump truck when being loaded?
The responsibility for deciding the positioning of the dump truck when being loaded should ideally lie with the operator of the wheeled loading shovel. They have the necessary visibility and control to ensure safe and efficient loading. Communication between the shovel operator and the dump truck driver is crucial to ensure coordinated positioning and safe loading operations. The expertise of the shovel operator in assessing the stability and load capacity of the truck is important in making these decisions.
30. How are loading shovel bucket sizes calculated?
Loading shovel bucket sizes are typically calculated based on their heaped capacity. This is measured in cubic meters or cubic yards. To determine the size, the dimensions of the bucket, such as width, depth, and height, are used. These dimensions are multiplied together and divided by 27 (for cubic yards) or 0.764 (for cubic meters). Bucket sizes can vary depending on the manufacturer and model of the loading shovel. It's important to consider the specific requirements and intended application when selecting a bucket size to ensure optimal productivity and efficiency.
31. What allows the wheels to follow the contours of the ground when travelling on uneven ground?
The ability of wheeled loading shovels to follow the contours of uneven ground is mainly due to their suspension systems and articulating chassis. These features allow the wheels to have independent movement, helping them adapt to varying terrain. Suspension helps absorb shocks and maintain traction, while the articulating chassis enables the front and rear frames to pivot independently, enhancing stability and maneuverability. Together, these mechanisms enable wheeled loading shovels to navigate uneven ground efficiently.
32. a) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from over head electricity lines and b) explain why a distance should be kept.
a) The minimum distances that machinery needs to be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by legislation and industry guidelines. These distances are usually set by health and safety regulations and take into account the voltage of the electricity lines and the potential hazards associated with contact.
b) Keeping a distance from overhead electricity lines is important to minimize the risk of electrocution or damage to the machinery. Contact with electricity lines can be highly dangerous and may result in serious injury or even death. Maintaining a safe distance helps to reduce this risk and ensures the safety of both the machinery operators and nearby personnel.
33. a) Name THREE purposes of the raised lugs on tyres and b) what can happen to a loading shovel if the lugs are severely worn?
a) The raised lugs on tyres of a wheeled loading shovel have three purposes:
1. To enhance traction, particularly in off-road conditions.
2. To improve stability while maneuvering and handling heavy loads.
3. To provide grip and prevent slippage on various surfaces.
b) If the lugs on the tyres of a loading shovel are severely worn, it can lead to reduced traction, compromised stability, and increased risk of slippage. This can affect the machine's performance, impede its ability to handle loads efficiently, and potentially result in accidents or damage to the equipment. Regular maintenance and timely replacement of worn-out tyres are essential to ensure optimal performance and safety.
34. Using the Operator's Manual, state the cold-starting procedure for the machine. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
Refer to the Operator's Manual for the specific cold-starting procedure of the wheeled loading shovel being used. The manual provides detailed instructions for safely starting the machine, taking into account any specific requirements or precautions. Ensure the manual is easily accessible for reference during the test.
35. a) What is the minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a loaded loading shovel and b) explain why?
a) The minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a loaded loading shovel is typically 3 meters.
b) This distance is enforced to ensure safety as it provides a buffer zone for both workers and the loading shovel operator. It reduces the risk of accidents, such as the shovel tipping into the trench or materials falling onto workers. Maintaining this distance helps prevent injuries and potential damage to the trench, equipment, and workers.
36. Manufacturer's Operators Manuals normally determine the direction of travel on steep slopes. If this information is not supplied, what is the general rule that applies to travelling on steep slopes?
In the absence of specific instructions, the general rule for traveling on steep slopes with a wheeled loading shovel is to always travel with the uphill side of the machine facing the slope. This helps ensure stability and reduces the risk of tipping over.
37. In what situation does a hard hat NOT need to be worn when operating a loading shovel?
A hard hat should be worn at all times when operating a loading shovel, unless in a confined space where the operator is protected from falling objects. In such instances, a risk assessment must be conducted to ensure other hazards are absent. It's essential to prioritize safety and protect against potential head injuries.
38. On a semi-automatic quick-hitch bucket attaching system: a) what is the purpose of the safety pin and b) what checks MUST be made to the pin before use?
a) The purpose of the safety pin in a semi-automatic quick-hitch bucket attaching system for a wheeled loading shovel is to secure the bucket onto the coupler and prevent unintentional detachment during operation.
b) The checks that MUST be made to the pin before use include ensuring it is present, undamaged, and properly secured in its position. It is important to confirm there are no signs of wear or corrosion on the safety pin, as any faults could compromise its ability to hold the bucket securely. Regular inspection and maintenance are essential for safe and effective use.
39. Give TWO reasons why the loading shovel operator should have an understanding of the type of material being loaded.
The loading shovel operator needs to understand the material being loaded for two reasons: First, different materials have different characteristics, such as density or moisture content, which affect how they should be handled and loaded. Second, knowing the type of material helps the operator anticipate any potential hazards or challenges associated with loading it, ensuring safe and efficient operation.
40. Why should different materials be segregated during extracting?
Different materials should be segregated during extracting to ensure proper handling, sorting, and processing. This helps in optimizing the efficiency of the extraction process and maintaining the quality of materials. Segregation prevents contamination and facilitates effective recycling or disposal of materials. It also allows for easier identification and selection of specific materials for reuse or resale. Proper segregation reduces waste, improves safety, and ensures compliance with regulatory requirements. Overall, segregating different materials during extraction promotes resource efficiency, environmental sustainability, and cost-effectiveness.
41. What THREE main duties of The Health and Safety at Work Act must employees follow?
The main duties that employees must follow under the Health and Safety at Work Act include:
1. Taking reasonable care of their own health and safety, as well as that of others who may be affected by their actions or omissions.
2. Co-operating with their employer on health and safety matters, such as following policies and procedures, attending training, and using protective equipment.
3. Reporting any health and safety concerns to their employer, such as hazards or unsafe practices, so that appropriate action can be taken.
Following these duties helps ensure a safe working environment for all employees.
42. State TWO requirements of using a stop block or earth bank (berm) at a trench discharging point.
Using a stop block or earth bank at a trench discharging point helps with safety and prevents accidents. Two requirements for using them are:
1. Stability: The stop block or earth bank must be stable and secure enough to withstand the force and weight of the wheeled loading shovel without moving or collapsing. This ensures that the trench discharging point remains secure and there is no risk of accidents or collapse.
2. Visibility: The stop block or earth bank should be highly visible, preferably with markings or signage, to alert the operator of the wheeled loading shovel about the presence of the trench discharging point. This enhances safety by ensuring that the operator is aware of the location and can approach it cautiously.
43. When travelling on wet clay or rock, what effect does this have on the loading shovel?
Travelling on wet clay or rock can affect the wheeled loading shovel in several ways. First, it can make the ground slippery, leading to reduced traction and increased likelihood of skidding or losing control. Second, the wet clay or rock can stick to the tires or tracks, causing buildup and reducing their efficiency. Third, the increased resistance from the wet ground can increase the fuel consumption of the loading shovel. Overall, it is advisable to exercise caution and adapt the operating techniques when encountering such conditions to optimize performance and reduce potential risks.
44. Using the Operator's Manual, state the figure for the tyres' operating pressure. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
The figure for the tyres' operating pressure can be found in the Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test. Please refer to the manual for the specific value as it may vary depending on the make and model of the wheeled loading shovel. It is important to have the Operator's Manual accessible during the test to ensure accurate and up-to-date information is available.
45. Explain ALL visual checks that must be carried out on all types of quick-hitch bucket attaching systems before use.
Visual checks on quick-hitch bucket attaching systems should include examining the pins and locking mechanisms for damage or wear. Ensure that they are securely fitted and free from excessive movement. Inspect the hydraulic connections for leaks and the hoses for any signs of damage. Look for any missing or broken bolts, and ensure that the bucket is aligned with the hitch correctly. Verify that the safety pin or locking device is in place. Finally, assess the general condition of the bucket and any other related components, such as the quick-hitch mechanism and controls. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for these checks.
46. Why are plant operators generally regarded as 'safety-critical' workers?
Plant operators are generally considered 'safety-critical' because their work involves operating heavy machinery, such as wheeled loading shovels, which can pose significant safety risks if not operated correctly. Their actions can impact the safety of themselves, their colleagues, and the public. Operators need to be skilled and knowledgeable in operating and maintaining the machinery safely. Any mistake or lack of attention can lead to accidents, injuries, or even fatalities. Therefore, it is essential for plant operators to have a strong focus on safety and follow stringent safety protocols to minimize risks and ensure a safe working environment.
47. Give TWO examples of where The Work at Height Regulations 1995 may apply to loading shovel operations.
Two examples of where the Work at Height Regulations 1995 may apply to loading shovel operations are when operators are required to work at a height to load materials onto high-sided vehicles or into elevated containers. Additionally, if maintenance or repair work needs to be carried out on the loading shovel at a height, the Work at Height Regulations would also be applicable.
48. What is the purpose of a roll or ROPS frame?
The purpose of a roll over protection structure (ROPS) frame on a wheeled loading shovel is to provide protection to the operator in the event of a roll-over accident. It is designed to prevent the operator from being crushed or injured by the weight of the machine in the event of a tip over. The ROPS frame helps to create a protective zone around the operator's seating area, helping to minimize the risk of serious injury or fatality in accidents. It is an essential safety feature that is required in many jurisdictions to ensure the protection of operators.
49. When working in a confined area or space: a) what danger can be present with regards to the counterweight of the machine, b) what is the recommended minimum distance and c) what measures must be implemented if the gap is less?
a) The danger with the counterweight on a wheeled loading shovel in a confined area is the risk of it hitting walls or obstacles, causing the machine to become unstable or causing damage to the surroundings.
b) The recommended minimum distance between the machine and walls or obstacles in a confined area is typically specified in the machine's operating manual. It is important to follow these guidelines to ensure safe operation and to prevent accidents.
c) If the gap between the machine and walls or obstacles is less than the recommended minimum distance, additional measures should be implemented. This could include using spotters or auxiliary cameras to ensure visibility, or using barricades to keep people away from the machine. Safety should always be the top priority in these situations.
50. Give FOUR reasons that may cause the loading shovel to tip over sideways.
Four reasons that may cause a wheeled loading shovel to tip over sideways are uneven or soft ground, exceeding the machine's stability limits by overloading or overreaching, improper operation or sudden changes in load distribution, and inadequate maintenance or inspection resulting in mechanical failure. Always adhere to safe working practices, ensure proper training, and regularly maintain the machine to minimize the risk of tipping over.
51. Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the machine, what final action must be carried out?
Before leaving the cab of a wheeled loading shovel for a rest break, after parking and switching off the machine, the final action that must be carried out is applying the parking brake.
52. Many loading shovels have 'limited-slip' axles. How can this help production?
Limited-slip axles on wheeled loading shovels can improve production by providing better traction and control in slippery or uneven terrain. This helps to prevent wheel spin and enhances overall stability, allowing the machine to move more efficiently and safely while handling loads. The limited-slip feature transfers power to the wheel with more traction, thus reducing the risk of getting stuck or losing momentum. Ultimately, this helps to optimize productivity by minimizing downtime and maximizing the loading shovel's ability to navigate challenging working conditions.
53. What is the purpose of a risk assessment?
A risk assessment is used to identify and evaluate potential hazards in order to determine appropriate control measures to reduce the risk of harm. It helps ensure that necessary precautions are in place to protect workers and others from potential dangers on a construction site or during any work activity. Regular risk assessments are essential for maintaining safety standards and legal compliance.
54. What is the definition of, or how can a hazard be described?
A hazard can be described as any situation or condition that has the potential to cause harm, injury, or damage. In the context of a wheeled loading shovel, hazards may include but are not limited to: unstable or uneven ground, improper operation, collisions, limited visibility, mechanical failures, and unsafe working practices. It is crucial to identify and assess these hazards to implement appropriate control measures and ensure the safety of operators and those in the vicinity. Following health and safety guidelines and providing adequate training can help prevent accidents and mitigate potential hazards.
55. Name THREE ways that a plant operator can contribute in ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor.
A plant operator can contribute to ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor by:
1. Adhering to project schedules and delivering work promptly, ensuring efficient use of resources.
2. Demonstrating good communication skills, both with colleagues and stakeholders, to effectively address any issues or concerns.
3. Maintaining a high level of professionalism, including being respectful, reliable, and safety-conscious when operating the plant equipment.
These actions contribute to a positive working relationship, enhance client satisfaction, and increase the likelihood of securing repeat business opportunities.
56. When constructing a ramp to load a crusher, name THREE considerations to take into account.
When constructing a ramp to load a crusher with a wheeled loading shovel, three considerations to take into account are:
1. Gradient: Ensure the ramp has a suitable gradient that allows for safe and efficient loading operations. Steeper gradients may pose stability and safety risks for the wheeled loading shovel.
2. Traction: Provide a surface with sufficient traction to prevent slippage of the loading shovel during loading activities. This may involve using appropriate materials or incorporating anti-slip measures.
3. Width and Height: Determine the necessary width and height of the ramp to accommodate the loading shovel, ensuring it has enough space for maneuvering and sufficient clearance for safe loading.
57. Describe ONE physical method of checking that the attachment is fully secured to the coupler prior to work.
One physical method of checking that the attachment is fully secured to the coupler is by conducting a visual inspection. Visually inspect the attachment and coupler to ensure that they are properly aligned and engaged. Look for any signs of gaps or misalignment between the attachment and coupler. Ensure that all locking pins or mechanisms are in place and engaged securely. Additionally, physically try to move the attachment to ensure it is not loose or easily detached from the coupler. Conducting a visual inspection and physical check will help ensure that the attachment is fully secured prior to work.
58. Name FOUR different types or levels of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied (by employers and judicial bodies) to operators of plant who do not comply with, or follow legislation and regulations.
Four different types or levels of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied to operators of plant who do not comply with legislation and regulations are as follows:
1. Verbal warning: Initial disciplinary action involves conveying concerns verbally to the operator, highlighting the non-compliance and the potential repercussions if it persists.
2. Written warning: If non-compliance continues, a written warning is issued, clearly stating the issues, the required corrective actions, and the consequences of further non-compliance.
3. Suspension: In serious cases, employers may suspend the operator, temporarily removing them from their duties, pending a full investigation of the non-compliance.
4. Termination: The ultimate disciplinary action can be termination of employment, either with or without notice, if non-compliance persists despite earlier warnings and interventions.
59. List SIX typical subject areas that should be covered in a site induction.
1. Health and safety procedures: Covering emergency protocols, PPE requirements, and any specific hazards on the site.
2. Safe use of equipment: Providing guidance on the proper use of tools, machinery, and vehicles, including the wheeled loading shovel.
3. Site layout and access: Giving a clear understanding of the site's various zones, entry and exit points, and any restricted areas.
4. Site-specific risks and controls: Identifying and explaining any unique hazards and the corresponding safety measures in place.
5. Environmental considerations: Covering waste management, pollution prevention, and any environmentally sensitive areas on the site.
6. Site rules and regulations: Including adherence to working hours, vehicle movement, parking, and any additional rules specific to the site.
60. Why should a loading shovel be re-fuelled at the end of the day?
A loading shovel should be refueled at the end of the day to ensure it is ready for use the following day. This prevents any delays or disruptions due to a lack of fuel. It is also important to maintain the correct fuel level to avoid damage to the engine and ensure optimal performance. Refueling at the end of the day is a good practice for efficiency and maintaining equipment readiness.
61. When working in a confined area or space, name THREE hazards that can occur.
Three hazards that can occur when working with a wheeled loading shovel in a confined area or space are:
1. Collisions or contact with nearby people or objects due to restricted visibility.
2. Tipping over or losing stability, particularly on uneven or unstable ground.
3. Accidents caused by limited maneuverability, such as getting stuck or trapped.
62. Name THREE ways in which an operator can minimise their impact upon the environment whilst using the machine.
1. Operators can minimize their impact on the environment by using low emission fuels, such as biodiesel or low sulfur diesel, in the wheeled loading shovel. This reduces harmful emissions, helping to improve air quality.
2. Regular maintenance and servicing of the machine can also minimize its impact on the environment. Ensuring that the engine is running efficiently and components are clean and in good working condition reduces fuel consumption and emissions.
3. Proper waste management is crucial. Operators should dispose of waste materials, such as oil and filters, according to environmental regulations. Avoiding spillages and leakages during refueling and material handling also helps protect the environment.
63. Smaller loading shovels may be equipped with a clamshell bucket. Name TWO functions of this type of bucket.
A clamshell bucket on a smaller loading shovel has two functions:
1. It can be used for grabbing and lifting loose materials, such as sand or gravel, allowing for efficient loading and unloading.
2. It can also be used for leveling and spreading materials, such as soil or aggregates, providing versatility in various construction tasks.