1. The operator has been asked to drive the machine onto a transporter/trailer. a) Who is responsible for the loading operations and b) state FOUR actions to be considered by the operator before loading commences?
a) The operator is responsible for the loading operations.
b) Before loading commences, the operator should consider the following:
1. Ensure that the transporter/trailer is suitable and capable of supporting the weight of the reach truck.
2. Check that the loading area is clear of any obstructions or hazards that may interfere with the loading process.
3. Securely fasten any loose or detachable components of the reach truck to prevent damage or accidents during transit.
4. Verify that the reach truck is positioned correctly on the transporter/trailer, with proper alignment and balance to ensure stability during transportation.
Note: Additional considerations may be required depending on specific circumstances and regulations.
2. How can a qualification or card benefit a plant operator?
A qualification or card can benefit a plant operator in several ways. Firstly, it demonstrates their competence and expertise in operating a reach truck, enhancing their employability prospects within the construction industry. Secondly, it ensures compliance with health and safety regulations, reducing the risk of accidents and injuries. Additionally, employers often require operators to hold specific qualifications or cards to ensure they meet industry standards and insurance requirements. In summary, a qualification or card can improve job opportunities, enhance safety, and demonstrate compliance with industry standards for a reach truck operator.
3. Name TWO factors that determine the weight of a load.
Two factors that determine the weight of a load are the density of the materials being loaded and the volume or amount of materials being loaded.
4. Name THREE conditions that mirrors on the machine must be in.
Three conditions that mirrors on a reach truck machine must be in are: clean, intact, and properly adjusted.
5. Why are forklift operators generally regarded as 'safety-critical' workers?
Forklift operators are regarded as safety-critical workers because their job involves operating heavy machinery that can pose risks to both themselves and those around them if not performed correctly. They need to be highly skilled in maneuvering the forklift in tight spaces, lifting heavy loads, and following safety procedures. Any mistakes or negligence can result in accidents, injuries, or damage to property. Therefore, the responsibility of ensuring a safe working environment rests heavily on the operators, making their role crucial in preventing accidents and maintaining workplace safety.
6. Name THREE ways in which an operator can minimise their impact upon the environment whilst using the machine.
1. Efficient Use: Operators can minimize their impact on the environment by optimizing the use of the reach truck. This can include planning routes to minimize travel distances, avoiding unnecessary journeys, and using the reach truck's full capacity when transporting goods.
2. Eco-friendly Maintenance: Regular maintenance can help ensure the reach truck operates efficiently and reduces its environmental impact. This includes keeping the machine clean and inspecting components for wear and tear. Operators should also adhere to manufacturer guidelines for scheduled maintenance and use eco-friendly lubricants and fluids.
3. Operator Training: Proper operator training is crucial for minimizing environmental impact. Operators should be trained to handle the reach truck safely and responsibly, avoiding excessive speed, abrupt braking, and aggressive maneuvers. In addition, training should emphasize the importance of shutting down the reach truck when not in use to conserve energy.
7. After placing a load, who is responsible for ensuring the load is safe?
The person who placed the load is responsible for ensuring its safety. It is their duty to secure the load properly and make sure it is balanced and stable. They must follow safety procedures, use appropriate equipment, and consider the weight and dimensions of the load to prevent accidents or damage. Regular checks and inspections should also be carried out to ensure the load remains secure throughout the journey. Ultimately, it is the individual's responsibility to ensure the load is safe before proceeding.
8. Using the Operator's Manual, state the cold-starting procedure for the machine. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
To cold-start the reach truck, consult the Operator's Manual for the specific machine being used for the test. It will provide detailed instructions on the correct procedure. Ensure the manual is accessible for reference during the process.
9. What is the meaning of this hand signal (being demonstrated by the Tester)?
The hand signal you described as being demonstrated by the tester is likely a way to communicate with the reach truck operator. Without further information, it is difficult to provide a specific meaning for the hand signal. However, hand signals are commonly used in construction to communicate various messages, such as start, stop, go left, go right, or look out for hazards. It's important to consult the appropriate safety regulations or guidelines to ensure clear understanding of hand signals in a specific context.
10. Explain THREE checks that should be made to the mast lift chains.
1. Visual Inspection: Check the mast lift chains for any signs of damage or wear, such as rust, kinks, or broken links.
2. Tension Check: Ensure that the mast lift chains are properly tensioned. Loose chains may cause instability and affect the lifting capacity of the reach truck.
3. Lubrication: Regularly lubricate the mast lift chains to prevent friction and maintain their smooth operation. Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for lubrication frequency and use the appropriate lubricant.
11. State the possible effect of lifting a load on a slope whilst the forks are facing downhill.
Lifting a load on a downhill slope with the forks facing downhill can have several potential effects. Firstly, it may compromise the stability of the reach truck, increasing the risk of tipping over or losing control. Secondly, the load itself may become less stable, potentially slipping or shifting during the lifting process. It could also put strain on the reach truck's hydraulic system, as it may have to work harder to maintain balance and control. Overall, it is unsafe and should be avoided. Proper training and adherence to safety guidelines are crucial when operating a reach truck on slopes.
12. Before travelling with a load, where should the load be positioned?
Before travelling with a load, the load should be positioned as low and as close to the front wheels of the reach truck as possible. This helps to maintain stability and prevent the load from tipping over. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the load is secure and evenly distributed to avoid any imbalances during travel.
13. When working in a confined area or space, name THREE dangers that can be present.
When working in a confined area, three potential dangers are: limited maneuverability, reduced visibility, and the possibility of collisions. It is important to be cautious and aware of these risks to ensure safety.
14. Name FOUR factors to consider and know before picking up a load.
1. Weight: Determine the weight of the load you are about to pick up. This will help you evaluate if the reach truck has the capacity to safely handle the load.
2. Size and shape: Consider the size and shape of the load. Ensure that the reach truck's forks can adequately support and grip the load without any instability or risk of the load falling.
3. Load center: Identify the load center, which is the point where the weight of the load is evenly distributed on the forks. This information is crucial for determining the load capacity and maintaining stability while lifting.
4. Height and reach: Determine the height at which the load needs to be lifted and the reach required to deposit or retrieve it. Check if the reach truck's maximum height and reach specifications meet the requirements for the specific load.
15. a) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from over head electricity lines and b) explain why a distance should be kept.
a) The minimum distances that plant and machinery must be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by regulations, such as the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 and the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. These regulations outline specific requirements for safe working distances.
b) A distance should be kept between plant and machinery and overhead electricity lines to mitigate the risk of electric shock or electrocution. Power lines carry high voltage electricity, and if there is contact or proximity with the plant or machinery, it can create a dangerous situation with the potential for serious injury or even fatalities. Maintaining a safe distance helps to protect the operators and workers from the hazards associated with electricity lines.
16. What does the Health and Safety at Work Act require employers to do with regards specifically to plant?
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure the safe use, maintenance, and inspection of plant equipment, including reach trucks. Employers must provide training and supervision to employees operating plant equipment and ensure that it is suitable for its intended purpose. Risk assessments and safe systems of work should be in place for plant activities. Employers must also provide information, instruction, and appropriate personal protective equipment to employees. Regular inspections and maintenance of plant equipment should be carried out to keep it in safe working order.
17. Before loading an uncoupled trailer, what THREE precautions must be taken?
Before loading an uncoupled trailer using a reach truck, it's essential to take three precautions:
1. Ensure that the reach truck is in proper working condition, including checking the brakes, tires, forks, and any other necessary components.
2. Verify that the trailer is stable, securely supported, and parked on a level surface. Check if the supporting legs (landing gear) are fully lowered and locked.
3. Ensure clear communication between the reach truck operator and any other personnel in the area, including using warning signs or barriers to prevent unauthorized access or accidents.
Remember to always follow relevant health and safety guidelines during loading operations.
18. State FOUR checks that should be made to the forks.
1. Check for any signs of damage or wear on the fork blades, such as cracks, bends, or excessive wear on the heel or blade surface.
2. Ensure that the fork tips are not excessively worn or bent, as this can affect their ability to securely hold loads.
3. Examine the fork lift hooks for any signs of deformation or damage, as these are critical for attaching the forks to the truck.
4. Verify that all fork positioning locks are functioning properly to ensure safe and secure movement of the forks while in use.
19. What are FOUR safety checks that should be made before loading or unloading a suitable vehicle?
Four safety checks that should be made before loading or unloading a suitable vehicle with a reach truck are:
1. Inspect the reach truck for any visible damages or faults.
2. Ensure that the reach truck's brakes, steering, and lights are working properly.
3. Check that the reach truck has sufficient fuel or battery charge for the task.
4. Confirm that the area where the loading or unloading will take place is clear of any hazards or obstacles.
20. As a lifting machine, the reach truck must be thoroughly examined. a) What is the purpose of the examination and b) who would carry out the examination?
a) The purpose of the examination for a reach truck is to ensure its safety and proper functioning. It helps identify any potential defects or issues that may affect its performance or pose a risk to operators and others in the workplace.
b) The examination should be carried out by a competent person with knowledge and experience in inspecting reach trucks. This can include an in-house maintenance team or an external service provider familiar with the specific make and model of the reach truck. It is important to follow the manufacturer's guidelines and legal requirements when conducting the examination.
21. What is the definition of, or how can a hazard be described?
A hazard can be described as a potential source of harm or danger in the workplace, including any condition, substance, or activity that could cause injury or illness. In the context of a reach truck, hazards may include: collisions or tip-overs, falling objects, improper loading or unloading, inadequate training or supervision, and unsafe working conditions. It is important to identify and mitigate these hazards by implementing proper safety measures and following industry regulations and best practices. Regular risk assessments and safety training are essential to prevent accidents and promote a safe working environment.
22. What THREE items must be printed on a reach truck's rating plate?
The three items that must be printed on a reach truck's rating plate are:
1. Manufacturer's name or trademark
2. Serial number
3. Load capacity in kilograms or pounds.
23. If placing a variety of loads onto a rigid, flatbed transporter, where should the heaviest loads be placed?
The heaviest loads should be placed closest to the center of the rigid, flatbed transporter. This helps to maintain stability and balance during transport.
24. Reach truck operations fall within the scope of the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998. Name TWO requirements of the act with regards to lifting.
LOLER requires that lifting equipment is:
1. Physically suitable and of adequate strength/value for the task.
2. Used in a manner that ensures the health and safety of those involved.
25. An operator has been asked to transport a load along the public highway from one site to another, for which The Road Traffic Act applies. What needs to be taken into account regarding the law?
When transporting a load along a public highway, the operator must adhere to The Road Traffic Act. This means they must have the appropriate license and insurance, ensure the load is secure, and follow any weight and size restrictions. They should also be aware of any traffic regulations and ensure the load does not obstruct other road users. Any necessary permits or permissions should be obtained, and the vehicle's roadworthiness should be maintained. It is always recommended to consult with local authorities for specific regulations and requirements applicable to your situation.
26. What are the THREE actions or stages that a reach truck operator undertakes during pre-use inspections?
The three actions or stages that a reach truck operator undertakes during pre-use inspections are:
1. Visual inspection: Operator visually examines the reach truck to identify any visible signs of damage or defects.
2. Functional checks: Operator tests the reach truck's various functions and systems, such as brakes, controls, lights, horn, steering, and lifting mechanism, to ensure they are functioning properly.
3. Documentation: Operator completes the necessary inspection forms or logbooks, documenting the inspection findings, any defects found, and actions taken, if required.
27. The operator has to use a new type of reach truck that they are unfamiliar with. What do Regulations (i.e. PUWER 98) and other guidance require the operator to have?
Under PUWER (Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998) and other guidance, the operator of the new reach truck must receive adequate training and be deemed competent to operate the equipment safely. The regulation does not specify the specific requirements for reach truck operation. However, general principles such as risk assessment, safe systems of work, and adequate supervision should be considered. Employers should provide the necessary training, information, and instruction to ensure safe operation of the specific reach truck model. Regular refresher training and ongoing assessment of competency are also recommended.
28. Name SIX possible proximity hazards that may be encountered when travelling with a load.
1. People walking or working in close proximity to the reach truck.
2. Other vehicles or equipment operating in the same area.
3. Obstacles or debris on the floor that could cause the reach truck to lose stability or tip over.
4. Overhead obstructions such as low ceilings or fixtures that could come into contact with the load.
5. Uneven or slippery surfaces that could affect the reach truck's traction and control.
6. Limited visibility due to blind spots or obstructed views, making it difficult to see potential hazards or pedestrians.
29. If setting up to lift and move loads in a pedestrianised area, state THREE factors that need to be taken into account.
When setting up to lift and move loads in a pedestrianised area, three factors to consider are:
1. Safety: Ensure the equipment is properly maintained and operated safely to minimize risks to pedestrians. Adequate training and supervision are crucial.
2. Access: Confirm that the reach truck can maneuver within the pedestrian area without causing disruptions or hindering pedestrian flow. Assess any narrow or restricted areas that may pose challenges.
3. Communication: Establish clear procedures for communicating with pedestrians to avoid accidents. Use proper signage, barriers, or designated walkways to guide pedestrians and minimize the risk of collisions.
30. If the reach truck is being travelled or working on the public highway, including adjacent pavements and verges, the Road Traffic Act applies. a) What type of licence and which classes should the operator hold and b) what is the minimum age allowed?
a) The operator of a reach truck being used on the public highway should hold a Category F licence. The specific class required depends on the weight and dimensions of the reach truck.
b) The minimum age for operating a reach truck on the public highway is 17 years old.
31. When parking the machine at the end of the shift, name THREE places where the machine should NOT be parked.
When parking a reach truck at the end of the shift, three places where it should not be parked are:
1. In front of fire exits or emergency exits, as this blocks crucial escape routes in case of an emergency.
2. In narrow aisles or walkways, as it obstructs the flow of pedestrians and can cause accidents.
3. In areas with limited visibility, such as blind corners or junctions, as it increases the risk of collisions with other vehicles or pedestrians.
32. a) What THREE checks would be made specifically to the batteries and b) what specific PPE would be worn?
a) The three checks made specifically to batteries include:
1. Visual inspection for any physical damage or leaks,
2. Checking the battery water level and topping up if necessary using distilled water,
3. Testing the battery voltage using a suitable multimeter to ensure it meets the manufacturer's specifications.
b) The specific Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that would be worn includes:
1. Safety gloves to protect hands from potential hazards,
2. Safety glasses or goggles to safeguard eyes from any flying debris or chemicals,
3. Protective clothing such as coveralls or a high-visibility vest to enhance visibility and reduce the risk of accidental injury.
33. a) What is meant by the load centre and b) why must it be known for each lift?
a) The load centre refers to the horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the load to the face of the forks. It helps to determine the stability and balance of the load when lifted by the reach truck.
b) It is essential to know the load centre for each lift because it affects the capacity and stability of the reach truck. Different loads have different load centres, and exceeding the capacity or improperly distributing the load can result in accidents or damage to the reach truck and the load. Knowing the load centre helps ensure safe and efficient operations while maintaining the reach truck's stability.
34. When working in a confined area or space: a) what danger can be present with regards to the counterweight of the forklift, b) when should measures be taken and c) what measures should be implemented?
a) The counterweight of the reach truck can pose a danger in confined areas as it increases the risk of collisions with walls, racking, or other structures.
b) Measures should be taken to mitigate this danger whenever operating a reach truck in a confined area.
c) Measures that should be implemented include ensuring proper training for operators, using spotters or cameras to help with visibility, installing barriers or guards to protect walls and structures, and implementing safe operating procedures, such as reducing speed and maintaining a safe distance from obstacles.
Remember, always prioritize safety and follow relevant regulations and guidelines.
35. a) What is the minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a reach truck and b) explain why?
a) The minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a reach truck depends on local regulations and guidelines. It is generally advisable to maintain a safe distance of at least 3 meters (10 feet) from the edge of an open trench.
b) This distance is important to ensure the stability and safety of the reach truck and its operator. Being too close to an open trench can increase the risk of accidents, such as the reach truck tipping over or causing the edge of the trench to collapse, jeopardizing both the reach truck and anyone nearby.
36. What is the purpose of the counterweight of the machine?
The purpose of the counterweight on a reach truck is to provide stability and balance to the machine. It helps to prevent tip-overs when lifting heavy loads at high heights. The counterweight is typically located at the rear of the reach truck and is designed to offset the weight of the load being carried on the extending mast. Without the counterweight, the reach truck could become unstable and prone to tipping forward.
37. Compared to a duplex (double) mast: a) why would a triplex mast be fitted/used and b) what disadvantage does the mast have over the duplex?
a) A triplex mast is fitted/used in reach trucks to increase the lifting height capacity. It allows the truck to reach greater heights, making it suitable for working in taller warehouses or storage facilities. By having three sections, the triplex mast can extend further than a duplex mast, providing greater flexibility in lifting and stacking operations.
b) The disadvantage of a triplex mast compared to a duplex mast is that it sacrifices some stability. As the mast extends higher, it becomes less stable and more prone to swaying. This can potentially impact the safety and efficiency of the reach truck, making it less suitable for heavy or unstable loads at high elevations.
38. On an IC-engined reach truck, during work, the engine starts to overheat. Explain the danger if someone tries to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap.
If someone attempts to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap on an overheating IC-engined reach truck, it can cause scalding hot coolant to spray out, resulting in serious burns. The radiator and expansion tank contain pressurized coolant at high temperatures to cool the engine. Removing the cap while the engine is hot can release this pressure, causing the coolant to forcefully spray out, leading to potential injuries. It is crucial to allow the engine to cool down before attempting any maintenance or inspection on the radiator or expansion tank.
39. What are the possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations?
Possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations in the UK construction industry can include fines, imprisonment, or both. Penalties can vary based on the severity and recurrence of the non-compliance, as well as the specific legislation and regulations violated. It is important to prioritize compliance to avoid these consequences and ensure a safe and legal working environment. Consulting legal professionals knowledgeable about construction industry regulations can provide guidance on how to comply with the relevant legislation and regulations.
40. When placing onto or lifting a load from a loading out tower or rack: a) why must the reach truck's handbrake be on and the transmission in neutral and b) what would be the consequences if this was not done?
The handbrake must be on and the transmission in neutral when using a reach truck to place or lift a load from a loading tower or rack for safety reasons. If these precautions are not taken, the reach truck could move unexpectedly, causing a potential risk of accidents or damage to the load, the reach truck itself, or the surrounding infrastructure. Additionally, the operator's control over the reach truck could be compromised, resulting in loss of stability or control during the lifting or placing operation. Overall, it's crucial to follow these procedures to ensure the safety of both the operator and the workplace.
41. If changing an LPG cylinder, state THREE specific precautions to be observed.
1. Ensure the reach truck is switched off and the LPG cylinder valve is closed before attempting to change the cylinder.
2. Use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and eyewear, to protect against potential leaks or spills during the cylinder change.
3. Follow correct manual handling techniques to safely handle the heavy LPG cylinder, ensuring good posture and lifting from the legs to avoid injury.
42. What should be known about the loading out tower or racking before placing loads?
Before placing loads on a loading out tower or racking using a reach truck, several key things should be known. First, understand the maximum load capacity of the tower or racking system. It is crucial to not exceed this limit, as it can lead to structural failure. Additionally, be aware of the load distribution requirements to ensure stability. Assess the condition of the tower or racking for any signs of damage, such as cracks or deformations, which may compromise safety. Lastly, ensure adequate training and competence of the reach truck operator to handle loads safely in accordance with relevant regulations.
43. If the load centre of the load is longer (increased) than stipulated for the model of reach truck, what effect does it have on the lifting capacity of the machine?
If the load centre of the load is longer than specified for the reach truck model, it will reduce the lifting capacity of the machine. The load centre is the distance between the center of gravity of the load and the front surface of the forks. When the load centre is increased, it shifts the center of gravity of the load further away from the reach truck. This makes the load more unstable and increases the load moment. As a result, the reach truck's lifting capacity decreases, as it is designed to lift loads with a specific load centre. It is important to adhere to the specified load centre to maintain safe operating conditions.
44. What is the purpose of a roll or ROPS frame?
The purpose of a roll or ROPS (Roll Over Protective Structure) frame is to provide protection to the operator in case of a roll-over or tip-over accident. It is a structure typically made of sturdy materials such as steel, designed to withstand the impact of the machine flipping or tipping over. The frame acts as a cage around the operator's compartment to prevent them from being crushed or injured in such situations. It is a safety feature that helps to minimize the risk of serious injury or fatality during a rollover incident.
45. Give FOUR reasons that may cause the reach truck to tip over sideways.
1. Improper load distribution: The reach truck can tip over if the load is not properly distributed or if it exceeds the truck's capacity.
2. Uneven ground: Uneven surfaces or slopes can destabilize the reach truck, causing it to tip over sideways.
3. Sharp turns at high speed: Taking sharp turns at high speeds can easily lead to a reach truck tipping over sideways due to the sudden lateral forces it experiences.
4. Collision with obstacles: Colliding with obstacles, such as shelves or walls, can cause the reach truck to tip over sideways if the force is significant enough.
It is important to follow proper operational guidelines to minimize the risk of tipping over.
46. What is the best method of driving the reach truck across humps, drainage gullies etc.?
When driving a reach truck across obstacles such as humps and drainage gullies, it is important to approach them slowly and at a right angle. Gradually reduce the speed of the truck and maintain control to prevent tilting or losing balance. Engage the stabilizing mechanisms of the reach truck, if available, to improve stability. If the obstacle is too high or unpassable, it is best to find an alternative route or use a different equipment. Always prioritize safety and follow the manufacturer's guidelines and safety instructions.
47. Before picking up a load, why should the forks be equally spaced or distanced on the carriage?
To ensure stability and prevent load imbalance. Equal spacing of forks on the carriage maintains proper weight distribution and minimizes the risk of the load shifting during lifting or transport. This helps to maintain the balance and stability of the reach truck, reducing the chance of accidents or damage to the load.
48. Using the Operator's Manual, state the procedure for greasing the mast components. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
To grease the mast components of a reach truck, consult the Operator's Manual for the specific machine. It will provide detailed instructions for the procedure, as different models may vary. Ensure you have the manual readily available for reference. Follow the steps provided by the manual to ensure the correct process for greasing the mast components of the reach truck.
49. What is the purpose of a risk assessment?
The purpose of a risk assessment in construction is to identify and evaluate potential hazards or risks in the workplace. It helps employers and workers understand the possible dangers and take appropriate measures to prevent accidents and injuries. A risk assessment involves assessing the likelihood and severity of risks, implementing control measures, and reviewing the effectiveness of those measures. It is a legal requirement and helps ensure a safe working environment for all involved. Regular review and updates are crucial to address any new hazards or changes in work processes.
50. Where should the Operator's Manual be kept and why?
The Operator's Manual for a Reach Truck should be kept in a secure and easily accessible location, such as a designated storage compartment on the vehicle or in a designated area in the warehouse. This ensures that it is readily available for the operator to refer to in case of any queries or emergencies. Additionally, keeping the manual in a specific location helps to prevent loss or damage, ensuring that the necessary safety information and operating procedures are always available when needed.
51. Apart from the operator, who else may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual?
Besides the operator, other individuals who may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual include maintenance technicians, supervisors overseeing operations, health and safety personnel, and individuals responsible for training new operators. The manual provides essential information about the machine's operation, maintenance, and safety procedures, helping ensure that all users are informed and competent in their use of the reach truck.
52. Name THREE ways that a plant operator can contribute in ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor.
A plant operator can contribute to ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor in three ways:
1. Consistently meeting project deadlines and delivering high-quality work to maintain client satisfaction.
2. Adhering to health and safety regulations to minimize accidents or incidents on-site, ensuring a safe working environment for both workers and clients.
3. Demonstrating excellent communication and teamwork skills, collaborating effectively with other workers and stakeholders to achieve project goals efficiently.
By focusing on these aspects, the plant operator can help foster a positive and trusting relationship with the client or principal contractor, increasing the likelihood of repeat business opportunities.
53. Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the machine, what final action must be carried out?
Before leaving the cab of a reach truck for a rest break, after parking and switching off the machine, the final action that must be carried out is to lower the forks to the ground and engage the parking brake. This ensures that the reach truck is in a safe and stable position while unattended.
54. Which parts of the reach truck is the load centre usually measured from?
The load centre of a reach truck is typically measured from the front face of the forks to the center of gravity of the load being carried. The load centre is an important measurement as it helps determine the stability and capacity of the truck. It is crucial to ensure that the load is positioned within the manufacturer's specified load centre limits to prevent accidents or damage to the equipment.
55. How is it possible that reach trucks can still tip over, even when travelling on gentle gradients, are not overloaded and not being driven at excessive speed?
Reach trucks can still tip over on gentle gradients due to factors such as uneven terrain, unstable loads, or incorrect weight distribution. While not being overloaded or driven at excessive speed reduces the risk, it does not eliminate it completely. Reach trucks have a high center of gravity, which makes them prone to tipping over. Operators should ensure they are properly trained and follow safe operating procedures, including maintaining stable loads, driving cautiously, and being aware of any potential hazards. Regular assessments of the working environment and equipment maintenance can also help mitigate the risk of tip-overs.
56. If checking the oil level using a dipstick, why must gloves be worn?
Gloves should be worn when checking the oil level on a reach truck using a dipstick to protect your hands from potential oil spills and contamination. It is a safety precaution to prevent any potential skin irritation or allergic reactions that can occur when handling oil.
57. What is a possible consequence of using a pneumatic tyre with a deep cut in the sidewall?
A possible consequence of using a pneumatic tyre with a deep cut in the sidewall is an increased risk of tire failure, including rapid deflation or blowout. This can compromise the stability and safety of the reach truck, making it more prone to accidents, especially during maneuvers or when carrying heavy loads. It is crucial to address any damage to the tyre promptly to ensure proper functioning and safe operation of the reach truck. Regular inspections and maintenance are vital to minimize the risk of potential consequences.
58. Before travelling with a physically large load, name FIVE factors that must be taken into account by the operator before moving.
When operating a reach truck with a physically large load, the operator must consider the following five factors:
1. Load weight: Ensure that the reach truck's maximum load capacity is not exceeded to maintain safety and prevent damage.
2. Load dimensions: Assess the size and shape of the load to determine the best approach and avoid obstacles.
3. Clearance: Check if there's adequate space above, below, and on each side of the load to maneuver safely.
4. Accessibility: Evaluate the route to ensure that there are no obstructions or hazards that may impede movement.
5. Stability: Confirm that the load is stable and secure on the truck's forks to prevent tipping.
59. a) What is meant by the lifting capacity of the reach truck and b) who determines it?
a) The lifting capacity of a reach truck refers to the maximum weight it can safely lift and carry without compromising safety or stability.
b) The lifting capacity of a reach truck is typically determined by the manufacturer based on their design specifications and engineering calculations. It is important to follow the manufacturer's guidelines and not exceed the stated lifting capacity to ensure safe and efficient operation of the reach truck.
60. Give THREE reasons why it is important that a reach truck is not leaning sideways before attempting to lift or place a load.
It is important that a reach truck is not leaning sideways before lifting or placing a load for three reasons. First, leaning sideways can cause the truck to become unstable, increasing the risk of tipping over. Second, it can impact the truck's maneuverability and ability to navigate safely. Third, a sideways tilt can affect the truck's stability during lifting operations, potentially leading to accidents and damage. It is therefore crucial to ensure that the reach truck remains upright and stable to maintain a safe working environment.
61. List SIX typical subject areas that should be covered in a site induction.
1. Health and Safety: Cover key aspects such as PPE requirements, emergency procedures, and safe working practices specific to the site.
2. Site Layout and Boundaries: Provide information on important areas, site access points, and any restricted zones.
3. Project Overview: Briefly explain the purpose, scope, and timeline of the project, along with any relevant details.
4. Site Rules and Regulations: Outline important rules and regulations that all personnel must adhere to while on-site.
5. Hazard Identification: Highlight potential hazards and how to report them, including risks related to machinery, materials, and utilities on-site.
6. Communication and Reporting: Explain procedures for effective communication among team members and how to report incidents, accidents, or near misses.
62. a) What is the purpose of a Method Statement and b) what is required of the operator?
a) The purpose of a Method Statement is to outline the sequence of tasks to be carried out, including safety measures, when undertaking a specific construction activity. It helps to ensure that work is done safely and efficiently, with consideration for potential hazards, risk assessment, and control measures.
b) The operator of a Reach Truck is required to receive appropriate training and certification to operate the equipment safely. They must adhere to the Method Statement, follow safety procedures, and be aware of their surroundings, ensuring they operate the Reach Truck within its designated load capacity. Regular inspection and maintenance of the Reach Truck are also necessary for safe operation.
63. Why should a diesel-engine reach truck be re-fuelled at the end of the day?
A diesel-engine reach truck should be re-fuelled at the end of the day to ensure it has enough fuel for the next working day. Diesel engines require fuel to operate, and running out of fuel can cause downtime and delays in operations. Additionally, regular refuelling helps maintain the reach truck's performance and prolong its lifespan. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's guidelines regarding fuel requirements and maintenance to avoid any potential issues.
64. A manufacturer must give recommendations on how to travel a reach truck up and down inclines. If this information is not known first hand, what is the general rule about travelling up and down slopes?
When operating a reach truck on inclines, it is essential to consider the manufacturer's guidelines. However, in the absence of specific information, a general rule is to approach slopes straight on and maintain a controlled speed. Ascend or descend at a consistent rate to avoid sudden changes that may compromise stability. Be cautious of potential load shifts or tipping risks. If the slope is excessively steep, it may be advisable to seek alternative methods or equipment to ensure safety and minimize risks when transporting loads.
65. Name FOUR different types or levels of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied (by employers and judicial bodies) to operators of plant who do not comply with, or follow legislation and regulations.
1. Verbal warning: Employers can issue a verbal warning to operators who do not comply with legislation and regulations. This serves as an informal reminder of the expected standards and can be used as a first step in addressing the issue.
2. Written warning: If the operator's non-compliance continues, employers may escalate the disciplinary action by issuing a written warning. This provides a formal record of the misconduct and highlights the potential consequences if the behavior persists.
3. Suspension: In more serious cases, employers may choose to suspend an operator, temporarily preventing them from carrying out their duties. This allows time for investigation and further disciplinary measures to be taken.
4. Termination of employment: If an operator repeatedly fails to comply with legislation and regulations, employers may ultimately decide to terminate their employment. This is typically reserved for severe or persistent non-compliance and serves as a strong deterrent for future misconduct.
66. Give FOUR reasons that may cause the machine to tip forwards.
There are several reasons why a reach truck may tip forwards:
1. Overloading the forks beyond the stated weight capacity can increase the risk of tipping forwards.
2. Incorrectly positioning the load on the forks can cause an imbalance and result in a forward tip.
3. Moving on uneven surfaces or driving over obstacles may cause the reach truck to become unstable and tip forwards.
4. Sudden acceleration or deceleration while carrying a load can disrupt the stability of the reach truck, leading to a forward tip.
67. In what situation does a hard hat NOT need to be worn when operating a reach truck?
A hard hat is necessary when operating a reach truck in all situations. It provides protection from falling objects and potential head injuries. Always wear a hard hat to ensure your safety on-site.
68. What THREE main duties of the Health and Safety at Work Act must employees follow?
The three main duties of the Health and Safety at Work Act that employees must follow are:
1. Take reasonable care of their own health and safety, as well as others who may be affected by their actions.
2. Cooperate with their employer to ensure a safe working environment and follow the provided instructions and training.
3. Not interfere with or misuse any safety equipment or measures that have been put in place for their protection.
69. Why must the seat belt be worn, even though a ROPS frame is fitted?
The seat belt must be worn on a reach truck, despite having a ROPS frame, to provide additional protection in case of sudden stops or accidents. The ROPS frame primarily guards against rollovers and falling objects, but it doesn't ensure that the operator remains securely seated during any abrupt movements. Wearing the seat belt helps prevent the operator from being thrown out of the seat, reducing the risk of injury. In summary, the seat belt is an important safety measure, complementing the protection offered by the ROPS frame.