1. Give THREE possible reasons why transporters should not stray off the designated travel routes.
1. Safety: Straying off designated travel routes can pose significant safety risks, such as encountering obstacles, narrow roads, or low bridges not suitable for the size and weight of the vehicle. It increases the chances of accidents, damage to the load, and potential harm to people and property.
2. Legal compliance: Transporters must adhere to the regulations set out by the relevant authorities. Deviating from designated travel routes could mean violating transportation laws and permits, leading to penalties, fines, and legal consequences.
3. Infrastructure damage: Transporting heavy loads on unsuitable roads can cause damage to the road surface, bridges, and other infrastructure. This incurs additional costs for repairs and maintenance that could be avoided by staying on designated routes designed for heavy transport.
2. When parking the vehicle at the end of the shift, name THREE places where the transporter should NOT be parked.
When parking the vehicle at the end of the shift, the transporter should NOT be parked in restricted areas, on public footpaths, or obstructing entrances/exits.
3. When securing machines having hydraulically operated booms (e.g. 360 degree excavators etc.), what should be ensured when restraining?
When securing machines with hydraulically operated booms, ensure that:
1. The boom is fully retracted and properly stowed.
2. Proper restraints, such as chains or straps, are used to prevent any movement.
3. The restraints are securely attached to strong anchor points on the machine and the vehicle.
4. The restraints are tightened sufficiently to prevent shifting during transit.
5. The boom is protected from damage by using padding or protective covers.
Remember, always follow the manufacturer's instructions and relevant industry guidelines when securing machinery for transport.
4. What are the possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations?
Possible outcomes of facing prosecution for non-compliance with legislation and regulations as a Loader/Securer in the UK construction industry could include fines, legal costs, and potential damage to your professional reputation. Additionally, there may be negative impacts on your business, such as reduced client trust, loss of contracts, or difficulty securing future work. To avoid such consequences, it is important to ensure strict adherence to all relevant laws and regulations, as well as having appropriate systems in place to monitor and maintain compliance. Seek advice from legal professionals if you have concerns or need guidance.
5. What checks should be made to flat webbing slings before use?
Before using flat webbing slings, you should conduct visual inspections to ensure their suitability. Check for any damage, such as cuts, tears, or fraying on the sling's surface. Examine the sewn ends for any loose or broken stitching. Pay attention to the fittings, including hooks or shackles, for signs of wear or distortion. Verify that the sling's Working Load Limit (WLL) and identification markings are clearly and permanently marked on the sling. If you notice any faults or doubts about the sling's condition, remove it from service and seek expert advice or replace it.
6. Name FOUR items that must be displayed on a DoT-approved plating certificate.
The four items that must be displayed on a DoT-approved plating certificate are the vehicle's registration number, the date of issue, the name and address of the plate manufacturer, and the plate serial number.
7. Name SIX safety considerations when selecting a site for loading or unloading plant.
1. Ground Conditions: Ensure the site is free from hazards such as soft or uneven ground which could compromise the stability of the plant being loaded or unloaded.
2. Clearance: Verify that there is enough clearance space to safely maneuver the plant and any accompanying vehicles, taking into account overhead power lines, structures, and obstructions.
3. Accessibility: Assess the site for suitable access, ensuring there are no narrow or steep entrances or exits that could impede the movement of the plant or pose a safety risk.
4. Visibility: Adequate visibility is crucial, so make sure there is clear sight of all potential hazards, including pedestrians, other vehicles, and obstacles, to facilitate safe loading or unloading.
5. Drainage: Check that the site has proper drainage to prevent water accumulation, which could affect stability and cause slips or other accidents during loading or unloading.
6. Emergency Procedures: Consider the proximity of emergency services and establish appropriate communication protocols in case of accidents or incidents during loading or unloading.
8. List SIX typical subject areas that should be covered in a site induction.
1. Health and safety procedures: Explain the site-specific health and safety rules, emergency procedures, and the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE).
2. Site layout and access: Provide an overview of the site layout, access points, and any restricted or hazardous areas that personnel should be aware of.
3. Work activities and hazards: Identify the specific work activities that will take place on-site and highlight any associated hazards or risks.
4. Equipment and machinery: Provide information on the types of equipment and machinery used on-site, including proper usage, maintenance, and safety precautions.
5. Environmental considerations: Discuss any environmental considerations relevant to the site, such as waste management, pollution control measures, or protected areas.
6. Site-specific policies and procedures: Cover any additional site-specific policies, procedures, or requirements that personnel need to adhere to, such as access control, reporting procedures, or communication protocols.
9. State the maximum allowed speeds of a transporter loaded with a 13-tonne 360 degree excavator which is travelling on: a) motorway, b) dual carriageway (unrestricted) and c) single carriageway (unrestricted).
The maximum allowed speeds for a transporter loaded with a 13-tonne 360 degree excavator are as follows: a) On a motorway, it is allowed to travel at the national speed limit for vehicles over
3.5 tonnes, which is 60 mph.
b) On a dual carriageway with no speed restrictions, it can also travel at the national speed limit of 60 mph.
c) On a single carriageway with no speed restrictions, the maximum allowed speed is also 60 mph.
10. Where should the vehicle's and/or transported machine's manual be kept and why?
The vehicle and/or transported machine's manual should be kept securely on the vehicle. This is important for easy access in case of any operational or maintenance issues that may arise during transportation. It ensures that the driver or operator has the necessary information and instructions readily available to effectively operate or address any potential problems with the vehicle or machine. Additionally, it contributes to compliance with regulations and best practices within the construction industry.
11. What is the definition of a 'long load'?
A 'long load' refers to a load that exceeds the usual length limit specified by the road regulations. The specific length limit can vary depending on the country and jurisdiction. In the UK, for non-STGO (Special Type General Order) vehicles, a 'long load' generally refers to a load that exceeds 18.75 meters in length. It's important to comply with local regulations, and proper securing and marking measures are necessary for transporting long loads safely.
12. What checks should be made to cabbed machines after loading?
After loading a cabbed machine, perform the following checks:
1. Ensure the load is distributed evenly and securely to maintain stability during transport.
2. Check that the load is within the machine's weight and size limits.
3. Inspect all straps, chains, or other securing devices for damage or wear.
4. Verify that the securing devices are correctly tensioned and fastened to prevent movement during transport.
5. Confirm that the cab's doors, windows, and hinges are securely closed and latched.
6. Make sure any loose objects within the cab are either removed or secured.
7. Double-check that the cab's lights and indicators are functioning correctly.
Remember to comply with industry regulations and guidelines when securing the load.
13. If checking the oil level using a dipstick, why must gloves be worn?
Gloves must be worn when checking the oil level using a dipstick to protect hands from coming into contact with the oil, which could be hot or contain harmful substances. Additionally, gloves can help to prevent any oil or dirt on the dipstick from transferring onto hands, ensuring good hygiene. Wearing gloves reduces the risk of skin irritation, burns, or absorption of hazardous materials. Overall, gloves promote safety and hygiene when performing this task.
14. Using the machine's Operator's Manual, state the procedure for preparing and loading the machine onto a transporter. Note: The Operator's Manual for one of the items of plant being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
To prepare and load the machine onto a transporter:
1. Refer to the Operator's Manual for instructions.
2. Perform general pre-operational checks to ensure machine is in working condition.
3. Ensure machine is positioned on a flat, stable surface.
4. Secure any loose components or attachments to prevent damage during transport.
5. Follow manufacturer's guidelines for disconnecting and securing any hydraulic or electrical connections.
6. Determine appropriate transport method (e.g., trailer, low loader) and align machine accordingly.
7. Utilize appropriate equipment (e.g., ramps, lifting devices) to load machine onto transporter.
8. Ensure machine is securely fastened to prevent movement during transport.
9. Double-check all connections and safety measures before beginning the journey.
10. Follow local regulations and guidelines while transporting the machine.
Always consult the Operator's Manual for specific instructions and safety precautions.
15. Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the vehicle, what final action must be carried out?
Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the vehicle, the final action that must be carried out is to set the parking brake to ensure the vehicle remains stationary and secure.
16. State: a) at what distance a rear overhang should be identified and b) how.
a) The rear overhang should be identified at a distance that complies with the regulations set out in the non STGO (Special Types General Order) state.
b) The rear overhang can be identified by visually inspecting the vehicle and its load. Additionally, measurement tools, such as a tape measure, can be used to accurately determine the length of the overhang. Ensure that all applicable regulations regarding rear overhang are followed to promote safe and legal transportation of loads.
17. Give TWO examples of where The Work at Height Regulations may apply to transporters.
The Work at Height Regulations may apply to transporters when loading or securing objects on the vehicle. For example, if a loader is required to climb onto the top of the vehicle to place or fasten items, the regulations would apply. Additionally, if a person is required to work at a height while securing the load from a raised platform or scaffold, the regulations would also be relevant. It is important to ensure compliance with these regulations to maintain a safe working environment and prevent accidents.
18. What is the meaning of this hand signal (being demonstrated by the Tester)?
The hand signal being demonstrated by the Tester is used to indicate to the Loader/Securer that the load is secure on a non STGO vehicle. It is a visual cue to confirm that the load has been properly secured and is safe for transportation.
19. On LGVs above 3.5 tonnes first used after January 2007: a) how many mirrors are required and b) where should they be positioned?
For LGVs above
3.5 tonnes first used after January 2007, a) two mirrors are required and
b) they should be positioned on the nearside and offside of the vehicle.
20. Why should the centre of gravity of a load be in front of the rear axle of an articulated semi-trailer?
The center of gravity of a load should be in front of the rear axle of an articulated semi-trailer to ensure stability and safe transportation. Placing the load in this position helps to reduce the risk of the trailer tipping over or becoming unstable during transit. It helps to distribute the weight evenly and maintain balance, especially when going around corners or dealing with uneven road conditions. This is an important consideration for loaders and securers to ensure that the load remains stable and the trailer remains safe on the road.
21. What is the purpose of a risk assessment?
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify potential hazards in a work environment and evaluate the level of risk they pose to workers' health and safety. It helps employers take proactive measures to eliminate or mitigate risks, thereby ensuring a safer workplace. A risk assessment involves examining tasks, equipment, and working conditions to determine the likelihood and severity of potential harm. By doing so, employers can implement control measures to reduce risks and protect individuals. Risk assessments are a legal requirement in the UK under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.
22. During the loading process, in terms of the load, what is the transporter driver responsible for?
The transporter driver is responsible for ensuring the load is properly secured during the loading process. This includes verifying that the load is stable, using suitable restraints and securing devices to prevent movement or loss of the load. The driver should also check that the load is evenly distributed and not exceeding the legal weight limits. It is important for the driver to follow applicable regulations and industry best practices to maximize safety and minimize the risk of damage or accidents caused by an improperly secured load.
23. On articulated-steered plant, what should be engaged after loading?
After loading an articulated-steered plant, you should engage the loader/securing mechanism. This is important to ensure that the load is properly secured and stable during transportation. The loader/securing mechanism typically includes features such as tie-down straps, chains, or other restraints to prevent the load from shifting or falling off during transit. By engaging this mechanism, you can help maintain safety and prevent any damage to the load or surrounding areas.
24. a) What is the minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a transporter and b) explain why?
a) The minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a transporter depends on various factors such as the type of transporter, the size of the trench, and local regulations. It is best to consult the relevant health and safety guidelines or speak with a qualified supervisor to determine the specific requirements for your situation.
b) The reason for maintaining a minimum distance near open trenches when travelling with a transporter is to ensure safety. It helps to prevent accidents, such as the transporter accidentally falling into the trench or causing damage to the trench's stability, which can result in injuries to personnel or damage to property. Following these regulations helps to minimize risks and maintain a safe working environment.
25. Before setting off to retrieve a machine from site, in terms of arrival, what THREE things should the driver ideally need to know before departure?
Before departure, the driver should ideally know:
1. The exact location of the site where the machine is to be retrieved from.
2. The dimensions and weight of the machine to be loaded, to ensure it can be safely transported.
3. Any specific instructions or procedures related to securing the machine on the vehicle, ensuring compliance with non-STGO regulations.
26. According to the Road Traffic Act 1988, when is loading and unloading allowed on verges or footpaths?
According to the Road Traffic Act 1988, loading and unloading on verges or footpaths is only allowed if it is necessary and does not cause obstruction or endanger other road users.
27. What is the maximum width of a load before it becomes classed as a 'wide load'?
In the UK, a load is considered a 'wide load' if it exceeds 3 meters (10 feet) in width.
28. a) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from over head electricity lines and b) explain why a distance should be kept.
a) The minimum distances for keeping any part of plant and machinery from overhead electricity lines are determined by regulations, specifically the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. These regulations outline the legal requirements for working safely near electrical power lines.
b) Keeping a distance from overhead electricity lines is important to ensure the safety of workers and to prevent accidents. Electricity can arc or jump across gaps, presenting a significant risk of electrical shock or electrocution. By maintaining a safe distance, the risk of contact with live electrical lines is minimized, reducing the potential for harm or accidents.
29. What is meant by Maximum Authorised Mass (MAM)?
Maximum Authorised Mass (MAM) refers to the maximum permissible weight of a vehicle or combination of vehicles when fully loaded. It includes the weight of the vehicle itself, any passengers, and any cargo or load carried. MAM is an important consideration as it affects vehicle performance, safety, and legal compliance. Exceeding the MAM can lead to issues such as structural damage, reduced braking efficiency, and insurance implications. It is crucial for loader/securers, especially non-STGO (Special Types General Order) vehicles, to be aware of and adhere to the MAM to ensure safe and lawful transportation of goods.
30. Why are those who load and unload plant generally regarded as 'safety-critical' workers?
Loader/Securer workers are considered 'safety-critical' due to the nature of their role. They are responsible for correctly securing and balancing heavy plant machinery during transportation, adhering to safety protocols. Any mistakes in loading or unloading can lead to severe accidents or injuries. Their role requires a high level of skill and knowledge to ensure the safe handling of plant machinery. Therefore, their actions directly impact the safety of individuals around them, making them vital for maintaining a safe work environment.
31. What is the difference between a low loader and a semi-trailer?
A low loader is a type of trailer with a lower deck height, designed to transport heavy or oversized machinery or equipment. It sits much closer to the ground compared to a regular semi-trailer. A semi-trailer, on the other hand, is a type of trailer that is attached to a truck or tractor unit using a fifth wheel coupling. It has a higher deck height and is commonly used for transporting general freight or goods. In summary, the main difference lies in their deck height and purpose of use.
32. a) What type of licence and which class should a transport driver hold and b) what is the minimum age allowed?
a) A transport driver should hold a Category C1+E licence for operating a loader/securer vehicle that is not subject to the Special Types (General Order) regulations.
b) The minimum age for holding a Category C1+E licence is 18 years in the UK.
33. How can a qualification or card benefit a transport driver?
A qualification or card can benefit a transport driver by enhancing their knowledge and skills in their field. It can demonstrate their competence and professionalism to employers and clients, potentially increasing their job prospects and earning potential. Additionally, it can help ensure the driver's compliance with industry regulations and best practices, promoting safety and efficiency in their work. Finally, having a qualification or card may also provide opportunities for career development and progression within the transport sector.
34. Under what conditions can lashing chains be used for lifting operations?
Lashing chains should not be used for lifting operations. They are suitable for securing loads but are not designed to lift. It is important to use appropriate lifting equipment such as slings and shackles for lifting operations in order to maintain safety standards.
35. If towing a trailer, what class of licence is required?
To tow a trailer as a Loader/Securer, you would typically need a Category C1+E licence in the UK. This licence allows you to drive vehicles with a maximum authorized mass (MAM) between 3,500kg and 7,500kg, and tow a trailer with a MAM of up to 750kg. However, the specifics may vary depending on the weight and type of trailer you intend to tow, so it's always advisable to consult the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) or a qualified driving instructor to ensure compliance with the appropriate licensing requirements.
36. Name THREE ways in which transport drivers can minimise their impact upon the environment whilst using the vehicle.
Transport drivers can minimize their environmental impact by:
1. Ensuring regular vehicle maintenance to optimize fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
2. Adopting eco-friendly driving techniques, such as smooth acceleration and deceleration, avoiding excessive idling, and maintaining appropriate tyre pressure.
3. Planning efficient routes to avoid unnecessary mileage and fuel consumption.
37. Whenever possible, who should decide the positioning of the transporter for loading?
The responsibility for deciding the positioning of the transporter for loading should generally rest with the loader/securer. However, it is crucial to consider and follow any relevant safety guidelines or protocols provided by the transport company. Effective communication and coordination between the loader/securer and the transport operator are essential to ensure proper alignment and adherence to safety standards.
38. Where should the vehicle plating certificate be positioned on the vehicle?
The vehicle plating certificate for a non STGO loader/securer should be securely positioned at the front of the vehicle, on the passenger side. This is usually where the vehicle identification number (VIN) plate is located. Ensure it is visible and easily accessible for inspection.
39. What is the maximum distance that the end marker board must be from the edge of a projection?
According to UK regulations, the maximum distance between the end marker board and the edge of a projection for a non STGO (Special Types General Order) vehicle is 2 meters.
40. What is the difference between kerbside weight and unladen weight?
Kerbside weight refers to the total weight of a vehicle, including any cargo or passengers, while it is parked at the side of the road. Unladen weight, on the other hand, refers to the weight of a vehicle when it is empty, without any additional load or passengers. In short, kerbside weight includes everything in or on the vehicle, while unladen weight only considers the weight of the vehicle itself without any added load.
41. If setting up to load or unload in a pedestrianised area, state THREE factors that need to be taken into account.
When loading or unloading in a pedestrianised area, three factors to consider are:
1. Ensuring clear communication and coordination with pedestrians to avoid accidents;
2. Identifying designated loading and unloading areas to minimize disruption and maintain pedestrian flow; and
3. Adhering to restricted timeframes for loading and unloading to reduce congestion and inconvenience.
42. On start up, the air pressure on the vehicle is low. What actions must the transport driver carry out before work and during work?
Before work, the transport driver must perform a vehicle inspection to ensure all components, including the air system, are in proper working order. If the air pressure is low on start-up, the driver should check for any visible leaks in the air system. If a leak is detected, it should be repaired before work begins. During work, the driver should monitor the air pressure gauges regularly and maintain proper pressure levels by operating the vehicle's air compressor as needed. Any abnormal drops in air pressure should be investigated and addressed promptly.
43. What problems and hazards can soft ground cause to a loaded transporter?
Soft ground can pose several problems and hazards for a loaded transporter. Firstly, the vehicle's tires may sink into the ground, potentially causing the vehicle to become stuck or tipped over. Secondly, the soft ground can increase the rolling resistance, making it harder for the vehicle to move and potentially leading to excessive fuel consumption. Furthermore, the uneven and unstable surface can cause the load to shift or become unbalanced, increasing the risk of accidents or damage to both the load and the vehicle. It is essential to assess the ground conditions and take appropriate precautions to minimize these risks.
44. If the transport driver has to top up the engine oil, state TWO precautions to ensure cleanliness of the system.
Two precautions to ensure cleanliness of the system when topping up the engine oil on a non STGO (Special Types General Order) transport vehicle:
1. Use a clean funnel: Ensure that a clean funnel is used to minimize the risk of introducing contaminants into the engine oil system. This will help maintain the cleanliness of the oil and reduce the chances of damage or malfunctions.
2. Clean hands and tools: Make sure that the transport driver has clean hands and uses clean tools when topping up the engine oil. This will help prevent any dirt, debris, or contaminants from being introduced into the system, maintaining the cleanliness and efficiency of the engine.
45. If not indicated, the headroom under bridges in the UK is at least what height?
The headroom under bridges in the UK is typically at least 16 feet 6 inches (5 meters) for non-STGO (Special Types General Order) vehicles.
46. When working in a confined area or space, name THREE hazards that can occur.
Three hazards that can occur when working in a confined area or space are:
1. Lack of ventilation, leading to a buildup of hazardous gases or fumes.
2. Limited visibility, increasing the risk of accidents or collisions.
3. Restricted access or egress, posing difficulties during emergency situations.
47. What does the Health and Safety at Work Act require employers to do with regards specifically to vehicles and equipment?
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure that vehicles and equipment are safe and suitable for use. This includes regular maintenance, proper training for operators, and providing necessary safety features and equipment. Employers must also assess and manage risks associated with vehicles and equipment, provide adequate supervision, and take steps to prevent accidents and injuries. Compliance with relevant regulations, such as the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations, is also required. Overall, the aim is to protect the health and safety of employees and others who may be affected by vehicles and equipment in the workplace.
48. a) What is the purpose of a Method Statement and b) what is required of the driver?
a) The purpose of a Method Statement is to outline the necessary steps and procedures for carrying out a specific task or activity safely and efficiently. It ensures proper planning, identifies potential hazards, and specifies control measures.
b) The driver is required to follow the Method Statement provided to them. They need to be familiar with the document, understand the sequence of tasks, use the appropriate equipment, and adhere to safety protocols. It is important for the driver to report any concerns or deviations from the Method Statement to the appropriate supervisor or manager.
49. Give FIVE instances where lights should be fitted to an overhanging load both widthways and lengthways.
Lights should be fitted to an overhanging load both widthways and lengthways in the following cases:
1. When the overhanging load exceeds the width of the vehicle.
2. When the overhanging load obstructs the vehicle's lights.
3. When the overhanging load extends beyond the vehicle's rear by more than 2 meters.
4. When the overhanging load exceeds the width of the road being used.
5. When the overhanging load extends beyond the front of the vehicle by more than 2 meters.
50. During work, the engine starts to overheat. Explain the danger if someone tries to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap.
If someone tries to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is overheating, it can be extremely dangerous. The hot coolant under pressure could spray out and cause severe burns. Additionally, removing the cap can release built-up pressure, resulting in coolant eruption and further injury. To avoid risk, it is crucial to allow the engine to cool down completely before attempting to remove any caps or perform maintenance on the cooling system. It is recommended to wait until the engine has reached a safe temperature and use caution when handling hot components.
51. Many transporters have a turbo-charged engine. a) What is the normal procedure before switching off the engine after working and b) what happens if the procedure is not followed?
a) The normal procedure before switching off the engine after working is to allow the turbocharger to cool down. This can be done by allowing the engine to idle for a few minutes, without putting it under heavy load or revving it excessively.
b) If the procedure is not followed, the turbocharger can be subjected to sudden temperature changes and damage may occur. This can lead to reduced performance, increased fuel consumption, and potential failure of the turbocharger unit, requiring expensive repairs or replacement.
52. What is the definition of, or how can a hazard be described?
A hazard can be defined as a potential source of harm or danger. It can be described as any condition, activity, or situation that has the potential to cause injury, damage to property, or harm to the environment. Hazards can be categorized into several types, such as physical (e.g. sharp objects), chemical (e.g. toxic substances), biological (e.g. infectious agents), ergonomic (e.g. poor ergonomics), and psychosocial (e.g. workplace stress). It is important to identify and assess hazards in order to implement appropriate risk controls and ensure the safety and well-being of workers.
53. When are the most likely times that loads may move during transit in the transporter?
The specific times when loads may be moved during transit in the transporter depend on various factors, such as the nature of the load, transport regulations, and the specific transport operations. However, it's generally common for loads to be moved at the beginning of the journey to secure them properly, at designated rest stops, and at the end to unload them. These movements are typically coordinated with the overall logistics plan and may vary depending on factors like delivery schedules, driver rest periods, and other operational considerations.
54. The transport driver has to drive a new type of plant that they are unfamiliar with. What do Regulations (i.e. PUWER 98) and other guidance require the transport driver to have?
Regulations such as PUWER 98 require the transport driver to have adequate training and competence to operate the new type of plant. They should be familiar with its controls, safety features, and operating instructions. Additional guidance may specify specific qualifications or certifications necessary for operating certain types of plant equipment. It is crucial for the transport driver to undergo training and assessment to ensure they can safely operate the unfamiliar plant and protect their own and others' safety.
55. What is a possible consequence of using a tyre with a deep cut in the sidewall?
Using a tyre with a deep cut in the sidewall can cause a potential blowout, leading to loss of control of the vehicle.
56. What THREE pieces of information are needed to calculate axle loadings?
To calculate axle loadings, you need three pieces of information: the overall weight of the vehicle, the number of axles on the vehicle, and the distribution of the weight across the axles. By knowing these details, you can accurately determine the load exerted on each axle.
57. Name FOUR different types or levels of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied (by employers and judicial bodies) to operators of plant/vehicles who do not comply with, or follow legislation and regulations.
1. Verbal warning - Employers may issue a verbal warning to operators who do not comply with legislation and regulations. This serves as an informal reminder and cautions the operator about their behavior.
2. Written warning - If the non-compliance continues or escalates, employers may issue a written warning to the operator. This provides a documented record of the non-compliance and emphasizes the importance of compliance.
3. Suspension - In more severe cases, employers may impose a temporary suspension on the operator. This involves removing the operator from their duties for a specified period as a disciplinary measure.
4. Termination of employment - If the operator repeatedly fails to comply with legislation and regulations despite previous disciplinary actions, employers may decide to terminate their employment. This is the most severe disciplinary action and involves the permanent dismissal of the operator from their role.
58. If an item of plant is being loaded where it is known that the parking brake is not fully effective, what action must be taken?
If the parking brake of the plant is not fully effective, it should not be loaded. The loader/securer must ensure that the plant is in proper working condition before loading it. Safety is of paramount importance, and loading a plant with a defective parking brake poses a risk. Inspection and repair of the parking brake should be carried out before loading to ensure safe operations.
59. If loading a smooth drum ride-on roller, how can friction between the drums and the transporter ramps/bed be increased?
To increase friction between the smooth drum ride-on roller and the transporter ramps/bed, you can consider these options:
1. Ensure the transporter ramps/bed are clean and free from any oil or grease that may reduce friction.
2. Apply an anti-slip material or coating on the ramps/bed surface to enhance grip.
3. Use chocks or wedges to secure the roller wheels to prevent slipping during loading.
4. Adjust the loading angle to allow the roller's weight to apply more force on the ramps/bed, increasing friction. Always prioritize safety and follow manufacturer guidelines.
60. After loading and securing plant for transit: a) when should the lashings or securing equipment be re-checked and b) why?
a) The lashings or securing equipment should be re-checked after the first 30 minutes of transit, and then at regular intervals during the journey.
b) This is necessary to ensure that the load remains secure and does not shift or become loose during transport. It reduces the risk of accidents, damage, and potential harm to road users. Regular re-checking ensures that any adjustments or re-tightening can be made promptly to maintain load security.
61. What is the recommended maximum distance between lashings on the length of a load?
The recommended maximum distance between lashings on the length of a load will vary depending on the specific load and its characteristics. However, a general rule of thumb is to have lashings placed at intervals no greater than 1.5 meters. This helps ensure sufficient load stability and prevents excessive movement during transit. It is important to follow the manufacturer's guidelines and consult relevant industry regulations for specific requirements based on the load type and size.
62. Using the machine's Operator's Manual, state how the machine must be secured for transport. Note: The Operator's Manual for one of the items of plant being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
To secure the machine for transport, consult the Operator's Manual, as it contains specific instructions. Ensure that the manual is accessible during the test.
63. What length of retraining is required every five years for the Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC) scheme?
Under the Certificate of Professional Competence (CP
c) scheme, loader/securers who operate non STGO vehicles are required to undergo five days of training every five years. This retraining ensures that they are up to date with the latest industry standards and regulations, allowing them to continue operating safely and efficiently. It is important for loader/securers to complete this retraining to maintain their CPC certification and meet the legal requirements for their role.
64. When loading, where is the optimum, or best position to place an item of plant?
The optimum position to place an item of plant while loading depends on factors such as the weight distribution, center of gravity, and any specific loading guidelines provided by the manufacturer. Generally, it is best to place the item of plant in a balanced and stable position on the loader or transport vehicle, ensuring that the center of gravity is evenly distributed. This will help maintain stability during transportation. Always refer to the manufacturer's instructions or consult a professional loader or securer for specific guidance on safe and efficient loading practices.
65. What should be considered when securing a 360-degree excavator fitted with rubber tracks?
When securing a 360-degree excavator with rubber tracks, it's important to consider the following:
1. Check the manufacturer's guidelines for securing rubber track machines to ensure compliance.
2. Use appropriate and certified securing equipment such as chains, tensioners, and straps.
3. Inspect the rubber tracks for any signs of damage or wear, and address any issues before securing the machine.
4. Secure the machine by attaching the chains/straps to designated strong points, such as lifting eyes or tracks.
5. Apply even tension to the chains/straps to avoid excessive strain on the rubber tracks.
6. Regularly inspect the securing arrangements during transit to ensure they remain intact and effective.
Remember, following manufacturer guidelines and using certified equipment are crucial for safely securing a rubber track 360 excavator.
66. Name THREE ways that a transport driver can contribute in ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor.
A transport driver can contribute to ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor by:
1. Delivering the goods or materials on time and in good condition, thereby demonstrating reliability and professionalism.
2. Maintaining excellent communication with the client or principal contractor throughout the transportation process, promptly addressing any concerns or issues that may arise.
3. Showing a strong commitment to health and safety regulations and practices, ensuring the safe and secure transportation of goods, which can build trust and confidence with the client or principal contractor.
67. What effect does chocking timber (dunnage) have on carrying capacity?
Chocking timber, also known as dunnage, is used to secure and stabilize loads on vehicles. It does not have a direct effect on carrying capacity, as it does not increase the maximum weight that can be carried. However, chocking timber can help evenly distribute the weight of the load, preventing shifting and improving stability during transport. This can be important for maintaining balance and reducing the risk of load movement, but it does not change the overall weight-carrying capacity of the vehicle.
68. When a long load on a short rigid vehicle results in excessive overhang over the rear of the vehicle, what are TWO possible dangers?
Two possible dangers of excessive overhang over the rear of a short rigid vehicle when carrying a long load are:
1. Increased risk of the load hitting or colliding with other road users, resulting in accidents or damage to vehicles.
2. Potential instability of the vehicle due to the uneven distribution of weight, leading to loss of control, tipping, or overturning of the vehicle.
69. What THREE main duties of the Health and Safety at Work Act must employees follow?
Employees must follow the three main duties outlined in the Health and Safety at Work Act. These duties include:
1. Taking reasonable care of their own health and safety, as well as the health and safety of others who may be affected by their actions or omissions.
2. Cooperating with their employer and other colleagues to ensure a safe working environment.
3. Not interfering with or misuse of anything provided for health, safety, or welfare at work.
By adhering to these duties, employees can contribute to maintaining a safe and healthy work environment for all.
70. Under the Road Traffic Act 1998, state ONE instance when an overloaded vehicle may travel on the public highway.
Under the Road Traffic Act 1998, an overloaded vehicle may travel on the public highway if it is being used for carrying goods or burden that cannot reasonably be divided or carried in separate vehicles. However, it is important to note that the vehicle must only be used for transporting such goods or burdens on the specific occasion and not as a regular practice.
71. In what situation does a hard hat need to be worn when driving a transporter on a construction site?
A hard hat should be worn by a loader/securer when driving a transporter on a construction site whenever there is a risk of falling objects or overhead hazards. It is essential to protect the head from potential injuries caused by objects or debris that could become dislodged or fall during the transporting process. Wearing a hard hat helps mitigate the risk of head injuries and ensures compliance with safety regulations.
72. Once the transporter is positioned, state SIX actions to be considered before loading commences.
1. Ensure that the transporter is securely parked and stabilized to prevent any movement during the loading process.
2. Check the weight and dimensions of the load to ensure that it is within the legal limits for the transporter.
3. Inspect the load and any supporting equipment to confirm that they are in good condition and suitable for transportation.
4. Make sure that the load is properly secured with appropriate restraints to prevent shifting or falling during transit.
5. Confirm that the loading area is clear of any obstructions or hazards that could impede the loading process.
6. Communicate with the driver and any other personnel involved to establish clear communication and understanding of the loading plan.
73. When a pick-up/transit-type vehicle is over 3.5 tonnes in weight, what is required with regard to testing requirements?
If a pick-up/transit-type vehicle exceeds 3.5 tonnes in weight, it may require testing. The specific testing requirements depend on the vehicle's intended use and the country's regulations. It is recommended to consult with a certified vehicle testing provider or the relevant government agency for accurate and up-to-date information on testing requirements for such vehicles.
74. Before loading or unloading on the public highway, what specific measures must be considered?
When loading or unloading on the public highway, several measures must be considered for non STGO (Special Types General Order) vehicles:
1. Obtain necessary permits or authorizations from local authorities and relevant bodies.
2. Ensure the vehicle is parked legally and safely, with appropriate warning signs and cones.
3. Secure the load properly using suitable restraints, such as straps or chains, to prevent shifting or falling during transportation.
4. Maintain clear visibility by using mirrors and ensuring the load does not obstruct the driver's vision.
5. Follow prescribed routes and adhere to speed limits, considering the dimensions and weight of the vehicle.
6. Minimize disruption to traffic flow and pedestrian access during loading or unloading.
7. Comply with any additional requirements set by local regulations or traffic management plans.
75. What is the maximum gross train weight of vehicle movement allowed under the current Construction and Use Regulations?
The maximum gross train weight allowed for vehicle movement under current Construction and Use Regulations is 40 tonnes.
76. Where and why would packing be used?
Packing is used in various construction scenarios to stabilize and secure loads during transportation. It is typically employed when the load being transported does not comply with the standard Special Type General Order (STGO) regulations. Packing materials, such as dunnage or timber, create a barrier around the load, preventing it from shifting or damaging other objects during transit. Packing is commonly used for oversized or irregularly shaped loads that cannot be secured using conventional methods. It ensures safety and prevents accidents on the road by keeping the load securely in place.
77. Give an example of 'road friendly' suspension.
An example of a 'road friendly' suspension for a loader/secuer vehicle could be a multi-link or independent suspension system. These types of suspension systems provide better stability and control by allowing each wheel to move independently, reducing the impact of bumps and uneven road surfaces. They also improve the handling and maneuverability of the vehicle, resulting in a smoother ride and less stress on the cargo being transported. Additionally, features like adjustable ride height and shock absorbers can further enhance the road friendliness of the suspension system.
78. State THREE instances when marker boards must be fitted.
Marker boards must be fitted on a loader/securer vehicle in the following situations:
1. When transporting a load that extends beyond the width of the vehicle, such as wide or overhanging items. This is to provide clear visibility to other road users about the extended load.
2. When carrying a load that exceeds the rear projection of the vehicle, such as long pipes or materials. Marker boards alert other drivers to the potential hazard of the extended load from the rear.
3. When hauling a load that obstructs the rear lights or registration plate of the vehicle. Marker boards ensure that the necessary rear lighting and number plate visibility requirements are met, despite the obstruction caused by the load.
79. In general: a) what is the maximum angle that lashings should be restricted to and b) why?
a) The maximum angle for lashings is typically restricted to 45 degrees.
b) This is to ensure that the lashings provide sufficient tension and grip on the load, effectively securing it and preventing movement or shifting during transportation. Lashings at angles greater than 45 degrees may result in reduced tension and increased potential for the load to become loose or unstable.