1. What are the possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations?
Possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations include fines, legal penalties, and reputational damage. Failing to comply with the law can result in significant financial penalties, which vary depending on the severity of the offence. Additionally, there may be legal consequences, such as prohibition notices or even imprisonment, depending on the circumstances. Non-compliance can also damage the reputation of the individual or company involved, potentially impacting future business opportunities. It is essential to understand and adhere to construction legislation and regulations to avoid these negative outcomes.
2. What allows the wheels to follow the contours of the ground when travelling on uneven ground?
The forward tipping dumper is designed with a suspension system, which allows the wheels to follow the contours of the ground when traveling on uneven terrain. This suspension system helps maintain stability and improves traction, enabling the machine to navigate various surfaces more effectively.
3. Why must the seat belt be worn at all times?
The seat belt must be worn at all times in a forward tipping dumper for safety reasons. It helps to reduce the risk of being thrown from the vehicle during sudden movements or accidents. Wearing a seat belt also ensures that the operator remains securely seated and in control of the dumper, preventing potential injuries or accidents. It is a crucial safety measure that should not be overlooked or neglected. Always wear your seat belt for your own safety.
4. a) Name THREE purposes of the raised lugs on tyres and b) what can happen to a dumper if the lugs are severely worn?
a) The raised lugs on the tyres of a Forward Tipping Dumper serve three purposes:
1. They provide increased traction, helping the dumper maintain stability and control on uneven or slippery surfaces.
2. The lugs enhance the flotation of the dumper, reducing the risk of sinking or getting stuck in soft or muddy terrain.
3. They improve the durability of the tyres by distributing the weight and pressure more evenly, reducing the likelihood of premature wear or damage.
b) If the lugs on the tyres of a dumper are severely worn, several problems can arise. The dumper may experience reduced traction and stability, increasing the risk of accidents or tipping over. The overall performance and efficiency of the dumper may also be compromised, leading to slower loading and unloading times. Additionally, the tyres themselves are more susceptible to damage and punctures, potentially resulting in costly repairs or replacements.
5. If the machine is being travelled or working on the public highway, including adjacent pavements and verges, the Road Traffic Act applies. a) What type of licence and which class should the operator hold and b) what is the minimum age allowed?
a) The operator should hold a valid driving licence. The specific class required depends on the weight of the vehicle. For most forward tipping dumpers, a category B (car) driving licence is sufficient. However, if the dumper exceeds certain weight restrictions, a category C1 (medium goods vehicle) licence may be required.
b) The minimum age for operating a forward tipping dumper on the public highway is 17 years old, as stated by the Road Traffic Act.
6. What is the meaning of this hand signal (being demonstrated by the Tester)?
The hand signal being demonstrated by the tester indicates an "all clear" or "go ahead" signal. It is often used by supervisors or signalers to communicate with the operator of a forward tipping dumper to confirm that it is safe to proceed with dumping the load. The signal involves extending the arm fully and pointing with an open hand in the direction where the dumper should go. This signal is important for ensuring clear communication on construction sites and preventing accidents.
7. Larger dumpers use a turbo-charged engine. a) What is the normal procedure before switching off the engine after working and b) what happens if the procedure is not followed?
a) The normal procedure before switching off the engine after working is to allow it to idle for a few minutes. This helps cool down the engine and allows the turbocharger to spin down gradually.
b) If the procedure is not followed, it can lead to issues such as turbocharger damage or premature wear. The sudden stopping of a turbocharged engine can cause the turbocharger's rotating assembly to stop abruptly, potentially causing internal damage. Additionally, not allowing the engine to cool down can result in excessive heat build-up, which can affect the overall performance and longevity of the engine.
8. What may happen if the load is tipped onto a downward slope?
If the load of a forward tipping dumper is tipped onto a downward slope, it can cause the dumper to lose stability. This can result in the dumper overturning or sliding down the slope uncontrollably. It is important to ensure that the dumper is on level ground when tipping the load to maintain stability and avoid accidents.
9. When would the skip safety strut or support be used?
The skip safety strut or support on a forward tipping dumper is used when the skip is in a raised position to prevent it from inadvertently falling down. It ensures that the skip remains securely in place while it is being loaded or unloaded. This helps to maintain stability and prevent any accidents or injuries that could occur if the skip were to unexpectedly tip or drop. It should always be engaged whenever the skip is elevated to ensure safe working conditions.
10. Whenever possible, who should decide the positioning of the dumper when being loaded?
The responsibility for positioning the dumper when being loaded should be determined by a competent person, taking into account safety regulations and practical considerations. This person should have the necessary experience and expertise to ensure safe and efficient loading of the dumper.
11. Discharging loads whilst moving is not considered best practice. Why would this be?
Discharging loads while moving in a forward tipping dumper is not advisable due to safety risks. It increases the chances of the load becoming unstable, leading to tipping or spillage. Moving with a raised bucket can shift the machine's center of gravity, making it more prone to accidents. Additionally, it hampers visibility, increasing the risk of collision with obstacles or pedestrians. Always follow proper operating procedures by coming to a complete stop before discharging a load, ensuring stability and minimizing risks on construction sites.
12. What problems and hazards can soft ground cause to a loaded dumper?
Soft ground can pose several problems and hazards to a loaded forward tipping dumper. Firstly, the stability of the dumper can be compromised, causing it to sink or tip over. Additionally, the soft ground can lead to reduced traction, making it difficult for the dumper to move or control its direction. If the ground gives way under the weight of the dumper, it can also cause the dumper to get stuck, making it challenging to recover. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the ground conditions before operating a loaded dumper and take appropriate measures to mitigate these risks.
13. What does the Health and Safety at Work Act require employers to do with regards specifically to plant?
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure that plant, including forward tipping dumpers, is safe and properly maintained. Employers must assess risks, provide safe systems of work, and ensure that employees are competent and adequately trained to operate plant. They must also provide information and instructions on safe operation, carry out regular inspections, and make sure that any defects are promptly repaired. Additionally, employers must ensure that plant is suitable for the task and is operated in a safe manner, while taking into account any relevant regulations or standards.
14. If the operator has to top-up the hydraulic oil, state TWO precautions to ensure cleanliness of the system.
When topping up hydraulic oil in a forward tipping dumper, two precautions must be taken to ensure system cleanliness:
1. Use a clean container: Ensure that the container used to hold the hydraulic oil is clean and free from any contaminants that may contaminate the oil. This will help maintain the cleanliness of the hydraulic system.
2. Clean area around the filler cap: Before opening the filler cap, clean the area around it to avoid any dirt or debris falling into the hydraulic system. This will help prevent contamination and maintain the cleanliness of the system.
By following these precautions, the operator can ensure the hydraulic oil remains clean and the system functions properly.
15. Where should the dumper's Operator's Manual be kept and why?
The dumper's Operator's Manual should be kept in a secure and easily accessible location near the dumper. This ensures that the manual is readily available to the operator for quick reference and guidance when needed. It's crucial to have the manual close by to assist with troubleshooting, safety instructions, maintenance procedures, and operating guidelines. Keeping the manual nearby promotes efficiency, productivity, and compliance with health and safety regulations.
16. During work, the engine starts to overheat. Explain the danger if someone tries to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap.
Removing the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is overheating can cause scalding hot coolant or steam to be released, posing a burn risk to anyone nearby. The high temperature and pressure inside the cooling system can cause the coolant or steam to spray out forcefully, potentially causing serious injuries. It is important to allow the engine to cool down before attempting to inspect or remove any components of the cooling system to avoid these dangers.
17. Apart from the operator, who else may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual?
Other individuals who may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual include maintenance technicians, supervisors, and other personnel responsible for the safe operation, maintenance, and servicing of the forward tipping dumper. It is essential for anyone involved in the machine's operation or maintenance to familiarize themselves with the information provided in the Operator's Manual to ensure safe and proper usage of the equipment.
18. State TWO requirements of using a stop block or earth bank (berm) at a trench discharging point.
Using a stop block or earth bank (berm) at a trench discharging point has two key requirements:
1. Safety: It helps prevent the dumper from accidentally tipping over the edge of the trench, reducing the risk of accidents and injuries.
2. Stability: The stop block or earth bank provides a stable surface for the dumper to discharge its load, ensuring that it remains balanced and doesn't cause any destabilization of the trench or surrounding area.
19. In what situation does a hard hat NOT need to be worn when operating a forward tipping dumper?
A hard hat does not need to be worn when operating a forward tipping dumper only if the dumper is fitted with an approved rollover protection system (ROPS) and seatbelt. The ROPS and seatbelt provide the necessary protection against head injuries in case of a roll-over incident. However, it is always recommended to wear a hard hat as an additional safety measure to protect against falling objects, flying debris, or other unforeseen hazards on the construction site. Safety should be prioritized at all times.
20. On articulated dumpers, steering is achieved by actuating a hydraulic ram which is controlled by turning the steering wheel. a) How does the engine supply the oil flow and b) what happens to the steering when the engine stops?
a) The engine supplies the oil flow to the steering system through a hydraulic pump driven by the engine itself. The pump pressurizes the oil, creating the necessary hydraulic flow for steering.
b) When the engine stops, the hydraulic pump stops operating, leading to a loss of oil flow. Without the oil flow, the hydraulic ram cannot move, resulting in the steering becoming immobile. The steering system relies on the engine running to maintain hydraulic pressure and functionality.
21. Give TWO reasons why the dumper operator should have an understanding of the type of spoil being transported.
The dumper operator should understand the type of spoil being transported to ensure:
1. Proper handling: Different types of spoil may require different approaches in terms of loading, unloading, and maneuvering the dumper. Understanding the characteristics of the spoil allows the operator to ensure safe and efficient operation.
2. Load capacity: Different types of spoil can have varying weights and densities. Understanding the spoil type helps the operator determine the appropriate load capacity of the dumper, preventing overloading and potential accidents.
22. Name FOUR different types or levels of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied (by employers and judicial bodies) to operators of plant who do not comply with, or follow legislation and regulations.
1. Verbal Warning: A disciplinary action where the employer informs the plant operator orally about their non-compliance and reminds them of the regulations to be followed.
2. Written Warning: A formal written notice highlighting the non-compliance and explaining the consequences if it continues.
3. Suspension: Temporarily removing the operator from work as a disciplinary measure.
4. Termination of Employment: Ending the employment contract as a result of repeated non-compliance or severe breaches of legislation and regulations.
Judicial bodies may also impose fines or other legal penalties on operators who fail to comply with the law.
23. a) What is the purpose of a Method Statement and b) what is required of the operator?
a) The purpose of a Method Statement is to outline the safe procedures and steps required to carry out a specific task or operation. It helps ensure that the work is done in a planned and organized manner, taking into account the health and safety risks involved.
b) The operator of a Forward Tipping Dumper is required to have appropriate training and competence to operate the equipment safely. They should follow safe working practices and adhere to the manufacturer's instructions. The operator must also perform pre-start checks, ensure the dumper is maintained and in good working condition, and use the appropriate personal protective equipment.
24. A dumper is classified by a manufacturer as a six-tonne dumper. What does this mean?
A six-tonne dumper refers to the maximum weight capacity that this particular model can carry. It means the dumper can transport up to six tonnes of material, such as soil, gravel, or rubble, in a single load. It's important to adhere to this weight limit to ensure safe and efficient operation.
25. Operators should lower the skip fully before driving away, particularly on swivel skips. Give TWO possible consequences if this is not carried out.
Failure to fully lower the skip before driving away on a forward tipping dumper with a swivel skip can lead to two potential consequences. Firstly, it increases the risk of the skip catching or striking an object or structure, leading to damage to both the skip and the surrounding area. Secondly, it can cause instability and imbalance during movement, potentially causing the dumper to tip over or overturn, resulting in serious injury or even fatalities. It is imperative to ensure the skip is fully lowered before driving away to mitigate these risks.
26. Why do high tip dumpers need particular care when tipping?
High tip dumpers require particular care when tipping due to the increased risk of instability compared to regular dumpers. The higher center of gravity makes them more prone to tipping over if not properly maintained or operated. Factors such as uneven ground, overloading, or quick movements can destabilize the dumper. Regular maintenance including checking hydraulic systems, brakes, and tires is crucial. Operators must receive proper training to ensure safe tipping practices. It is essential to follow manufacturer guidelines and use caution when operating high tip dumpers to prevent accidents and maintain safety on construction sites.
27. Name THREE problems that could occur if the skip is overloaded with a dense/ compacted material.
1. The excessive weight caused by overloading the skip with dense/compacted material can potentially lead to the forward tipping dumper becoming unstable when maneuvered. This can result in the dumper tipping over, causing damage to the equipment and posing a safety risk to the operator and any nearby personnel.
2. Overloading the skip with dense/compacted material can put excessive strain on the dumper's hydraulics and mechanical components, potentially leading to accelerated wear and tear. This can result in costly repairs and increased maintenance requirements.
3. The load capacity of the dumper may be exceeded when the skip is overloaded with dense/compacted material, causing it to operate outside its designed limits. This can lead to premature equipment failure, decreased productivity, and increased downtime for repairs.
28. Why should a dumper be re-fuelled at the end of the day?
Refuelling a forward tipping dumper at the end of the day is crucial for optimal performance and safe operation. By topping up the fuel, the machine is ready to be used efficiently the next day. This ensures uninterrupted workflow and reduces downtime caused by fuel shortage. Additionally, a full fuel tank helps prevent any potential damage to the engine and other components during the start-up process. Regular refuelling also allows the operator to monitor fuel consumption accurately, which is essential for cost management and planning. Ultimately, refuelling at the end of the day promotes reliable and cost-effective usage of the dumper.
29. The operator has to use a new type of dumper, i.e. swivel skip that they are unfamiliar with. What do Regulations (i.e. PUWER 98) and other guidance require the operator to have?
Under PUWER 98 regulations and other guidance, the dumper operator should have suitable training and familiarization with the swivel skip dumper before using it. The operator should receive proper instruction on its safe operation, including any specific hazards associated with the swivel mechanism. PUWER also requires that the operator has received adequate information and instruction on the risks and safe work procedures related to the dumper. Regular maintenance and inspections should be carried out to ensure the dumper remains in safe working condition.
30. If considering to use the dumper to transport a wide load, what needs to be taken into account?
When using a forward tipping dumper to transport a wide load, several factors need consideration. Firstly, ensure the dumper has the necessary load capacity and stability to safely carry the load. Assess the width, weight, and height of the load to ensure it complies with legal limits and doesn't compromise stability. Check if any necessary licenses or permits are required for transporting wide loads. Plan the route accordingly, considering any height or width restrictions and the distance to be travelled. Take precautions to secure the load and ensure the dumper operator is competent and trained for this specific task.
31. a) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from over head electricity lines and b) explain why a distance should be kept.
a) The minimum distances that plant and machinery must be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by regulations and guidelines set by the health and safety authorities in the UK, such as the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). These minimum distances are established to ensure the safety of workers and to minimize the risk of electrocution or damage to the equipment.
b) Maintaining a distance from overhead electricity lines is crucial to avoid the potential of electrical shock or contact with live wires which can result in severe injury or even death. Additionally, keeping a safe distance helps to prevent damage to the machinery and minimizes the risk of power outages or electrical fault events due to accidental contact.
32. Who should determine the maximum load that should be placed into the skip of the dumper?
The manufacturer of the forward tipping dumper determines the maximum load that should be placed into the skip. They take into account the design, stability, and other factors when setting this limit. It is essential to follow these specifications to ensure safe operation and prevent any accidents or damage to the equipment.
33. If setting up to work in a pedestrianised area, state THREE factors that need to be taken into account.
When operating a forward tipping dumper in a pedestrianised area, three important factors to consider are:
1. Safety: Ensure that appropriate safety measures such as barriers, signs, and designated paths are implemented to protect pedestrians from potential hazards.
2. Noise and Emissions: Address the noise and emissions generated by the dumper by using quieter models or implementing noise reduction measures to minimize the impact on pedestrians in the area.
3. Accessibility: Plan the dumper's route carefully, ensuring that it does not obstruct pedestrian access or create difficulties for disabled or visually impaired individuals.
34. What is the purpose of a roll or ROPS frame?
The purpose of a roll or ROPS (Roll Over Protection System) frame on a forward tipping dumper is to protect the operator in case of a rollover accident. It provides a protective structure that helps to prevent the operator from being crushed or injured if the vehicle were to tip over. The ROPS frame is designed to absorb and distribute the forces of impact, helping to keep the operator safe. It is an essential safety feature required in many industries, including construction, to minimize the risk of serious accidents and protect the operator's life.
35. Using the Operator's Manual, state the cold-starting procedure for the machine. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
To cold-start a forward tipping dumper, consult the Operator's Manual provided. It contains the specific procedure for your machine. Ensure the manual is accessible to reference.
36. How can a qualification or card benefit a plant operator?
A qualification or card can benefit a plant operator by providing proof of their competency and knowledge in operating a forward tipping dumper. It demonstrates to employers and site managers that they have received the necessary training and have the skills required to operate the equipment safely and efficiently. This can increase their employability and help them secure job opportunities within the construction industry. Additionally, holding a qualification or card often allows plant operators to meet legal compliance requirements and work on construction sites where such credentials are mandatory.
37. What is the purpose of a risk assessment?
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify potential risks and hazards in the working environment, and to determine the appropriate measures needed to control and reduce those risks. It helps to ensure the health and safety of workers by highlighting the necessary precautions and procedures. A risk assessment also aids in compliance with legal requirements, such as the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 in the UK. In short, it is a proactive approach to preventing accidents and injuries on construction sites, promoting a safer working environment.
38. a) What is the minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a dumper and b) explain why?
a) The minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a dumper is usually 3 meters.
b) The reason for this minimum distance is to ensure the safety of workers and prevent accidents. It helps to avoid the risk of the dumper accidentally tipping over into the trench or causing any cave-ins. Maintaining this distance allows for stability and reduces the likelihood of accidents or damage to the dumper, the trench, or any nearby structures or infrastructure.
39. What is a possible consequence of using a tyre with a deep cut in the sidewall?
A deep cut in the sidewall of a tire on a forward tipping dumper can result in a blowout or rapid deflation while in use. This can lead to loss of control over the machine, potential damage to the dumper, and create a hazardous situation for the operator and those nearby. It is important to regularly inspect tires for any signs of damage, including cuts, and replace them if necessary to maintain safety.
40. Using the Operator's Manual, state the figure for tyres' operating pressure. For tracked machines, what specific checks must be made to the track belt? Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
The figure for tyre operating pressure can be found in the Operator's Manual for the specific dumper being used. As for tracked machines, the Operator's Manual should be referenced to determine the specific checks that must be made to the track belt. It is important for the candidate to have the Operator's Manual readily available during the test to ensure compliance with the manufacturer's guidelines.
41. Why are plant operators generally regarded as 'safety-critical' workers?
Plant operators, such as those operating forward tipping dumpers, are considered 'safety-critical' because their actions directly impact the safety of the construction site and those working on it. Any mistakes or negligence on their part can lead to accidents, injuries, or even fatalities. Therefore, their job requires a high level of skill, knowledge, and responsibility to ensure the safe operation of the equipment and minimize risks. Operators must be vigilant, follow safety protocols, and be able to quickly respond to changing environments and potential hazards to protect the well-being of themselves and others on site.
42. Most site dumpers have the engine at the rear. State the main reason for this.
The main reason for having the engine at the rear in most site dumpers is to ensure better weight distribution. Placing the engine at the rear helps to distribute the weight evenly, providing better stability and traction for the front wheels. This is especially beneficial when the dumper is carrying heavy loads, as it helps to prevent the front wheels from lifting off the ground.
Additionally, having the engine at the rear reduces the risk of damage to the engine during loading and unloading operations, as it is less likely to come into contact with the materials being transported.
43. When travelling on wet clay, what effect does this have on the dumper?
Travelling on wet clay can have a negative effect on a forward tipping dumper. The wet condition of the clay can cause the dumper's tires to lose traction, leading to reduced control and potential sliding. This can increase the risk of accidents or getting the dumper stuck. The wet clay can also stick to the tires and body of the dumper, adding extra weight and making it more difficult to maneuver. Regular maintenance and proper tire selection can help mitigate these issues, but caution is advised when operating on wet clay surfaces.
44. Name THREE ways that a plant operator can contribute in ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor.
Plant operators can contribute to repeat business by:
1. Maintaining high standards of professionalism, including punctuality, reliability, and good communication.
2. Demonstrating a strong knowledge of health and safety regulations and adhering to them at all times.
3. Being proactive in identifying and reporting any potential issues or hazards on the site, ensuring a safe working environment.
45. The operator is asked to tip material into a new trench. State FIVE different requirements that must be considered or implemented before tipping commences.
Before commencing tipping with a forward tipping dumper, the operator should consider or implement the following requirements:
1. Ensure that the trench is stable and properly shored to prevent cave-ins or collapse.
2. Verify that the material being tipped is suitable and appropriate for the purpose, such as ensuring it is the correct grade or type.
3. Assess the load capacity of the dumper to ensure it can safely handle and transport the material being tipped.
4. Examine the positioning and stability of the dumper to prevent it from tipping over or becoming unstable during the tipping process.
5. Make sure there are no obstructions or personnel in the dumping area to avoid accidents or injuries.
46. How is it possible that a dumper can still tip over when travelling on a gentle gradient, even if it is not overloaded and not being driven at excessive speed?
A forward tipping dumper can still tip over on a gentle gradient due to various factors, such as unstable ground conditions, uneven weight distribution, lack of traction, or sudden changes in the terrain. It's important to assess the ground conditions, ensure even weight distribution, and drive at a safe speed. Uphill travel should be cautiously executed, and maneuvering on slopes should be avoided whenever possible. Remember to follow manufacturer guidelines and consider the dumper's load capacity and stability limits.
47. List SIX typical subject areas that should be covered in a site induction.
1. Health and Safety: Cover important safety protocols, such as the use of personal protective equipment, emergency procedures, and safe working practices.
2. Site Layout and Access: Explain the site layout, point out restricted areas, and discuss how to access different areas safely.
3. Roles and Responsibilities: Outline the responsibilities of all personnel on site, including contractors, visitors, and managers.
4. Site-specific Hazards: Identify any specific hazards or risks associated with the site, such as uneven ground, underground services, or nearby traffic.
5. Environmental Considerations: Discuss any environmental requirements, such as waste disposal procedures or protection of nearby habitats.
6. Site Rules and Regulations: Highlight any specific rules and regulations on the site, including working hours, noise restrictions, and parking arrangements.
48. Give FOUR reasons that may cause the dumper to tip over sideways during travel.
1. Uneven ground: If the dumper is traveling on uneven or sloping ground, it can cause the weight distribution to shift, leading to a sideways tip over.
2. Overloading: Exceeding the dumper's maximum load capacity can cause an imbalance in weight distribution, making it more likely to tip over sideways during travel.
3. Incorrect operation: Inadequate training or improper operation, such as turning too sharply or too fast, can destabilize the dumper and result in a sideways tipping motion.
4. Mechanical failure: Faulty components, such as worn tires, ineffective brakes, or hydraulic system malfunctions, can affect the stability and lead to a sideways tip over during travel.
49. When working in a confined area or space, name THREE hazards that can occur.
Three hazards that can occur when working in a confined area or space with a forward tipping dumper are:
1. Risk of collision or entrapment due to limited space,
2. Potential for overturning the dumper if not operated safely, and
3. Exposure to harmful emissions and poor ventilation, leading to respiratory issues. It is crucial to assess the area, follow safety procedures, and ensure proper training and supervision to mitigate these hazards effectively.
50. When parking the machine at the end of the shift, name THREE places where the dumper should NOT be parked.
The forward tipping dumper should not be parked on public roads, sidewalks, or in areas obstructing emergency exits.
51. If checking the oil level using a dipstick, why must gloves be worn?
Gloves should be worn when checking the oil level using a dipstick as it prevents oil from coming into contact with your bare skin. Oil can be harmful and cause skin irritation or other health issues. Wearing gloves provides protection and ensures safe handling of potentially hazardous substances like oil.
52. Name THREE ways in which an operator can minimise their impact upon the environment whilst using the machine.
1. Minimize fuel consumption by using the machine efficiently and avoiding unnecessary idling.
2. Properly maintain the machine, including regular servicing and repairs, to ensure optimal performance and reduce emissions.
3. Follow environmentally friendly waste disposal practices, such as recycling and disposing of materials in designated areas.
53. What THREE main duties of the Health and Safety at Work Act must employees follow?
Employees must follow three main duties under the Health and Safety at Work Act:
1. Take reasonable care of their own safety and that of others who may be affected by their actions.
2. Co-operate with their employer and follow any health and safety instructions or procedures that are in place.
3. Not intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse any equipment or safety measures provided by their employer to ensure health and safety.
These duties are aimed at ensuring a safe and healthy work environment for all employees and others who may be affected by their actions.
54. When working in a confined area or space what danger can be present with an articulated dumper with regards to steering?
When operating an articulated dumper in a confined area, the main danger concerning steering is the risk of the rear end swinging wide and colliding with nearby objects, structures, or people. The articulation point on the dumper allows for a tighter turning radius, but it also means that the rear end can swing out unpredictably. It is crucial to be aware of this and take extra caution while maneuvering. Ensure that there is enough space for the dumper to move safely and be mindful of potential obstacles.
55. When forward tipping a load, the centre of gravity of the machine changes. a) What effect does this have on the dumper and b) state TWO actions to avoid accidents?
a) When the centre of gravity of a forward tipping dumper changes, it affects the stability of the machine. It becomes more prone to tipping over if not operated properly.
b) To avoid accidents, two actions can be taken:
1. Ensure the load is evenly distributed and properly secured within the dumper to maintain stability.
2. Follow recommended load capacity guidelines and operate the dumper on level ground to prevent overloading and maintain balance.
Always prioritize safety when using a forward tipping dumper to mitigate the risk of accidents.
56. Before leaving the dumper for a rest break, after parking and switching off the engine, a) what final action must be carried out and b) why?
Before leaving the dumper for a rest break, after parking and switching off the engine, the final action that must be carried out is to engage the parking brake. This is important to prevent the dumper from rolling or moving unintentionally, ensuring safety in the working environment. The parking brake provides an additional level of security to ensure that the dumper remains stationary while unattended.
57. The operator has been asked to drive the dumper onto a transporter/trailer. a) Who is responsible for the loading operations and b) state FOUR actions to be considered by the operator before loading commences.
a) The responsibility for loading operations lies with the person in charge of the transport operation, such as the driver of the transporter/trailer.
b) Four actions the operator should consider before loading commences are:
1. Ensure that the dumper is in good working condition and is capable of being loaded safely.
2. Check that the transporter/trailer is stable and suitable for the weight and dimensions of the dumper.
3. Secure any loose items on the dumper to prevent them from falling off during transportation.
4. Follow a safe and controlled approach when driving the dumper onto the transporter/trailer, ensuring that it is positioned correctly and stably before securing it for transportation.
58. Give TWO reasons for using a swivel skip dumper over a conventional forward tipping skip.
Two reasons for using a swivel skip dumper over a conventional forward tipping skip are:
1. Improved maneuverability: The swivel skip dumper allows for greater maneuverability, as it can rotate its skip 180 degrees. This makes it easier to navigate tight spaces and confined construction sites, reducing the risk of accidents or damage to surrounding structures.
2. Increased efficiency: With a swivel skip dumper, the operator can dump the load at any desired angle, allowing for more precise and efficient unloading. This is particularly useful when working on uneven ground or when needing to deposit materials in specific locations, minimizing wastage and improving productivity.
59. What is the definition of, or how can a hazard be described?
A hazard is a condition or action that has the potential to cause harm or injury to people, damage to property, or negative effects on the environment. In the context of a forward tipping dumper, hazards could include factors such as uneven ground, debris, improper operation, lack of training, or failure to follow safety guidelines. It is important to identify and assess these hazards to implement appropriate control measures and minimize risks to workers and others on the site. Regular inspections, proper maintenance, and adherence to safety protocols are crucial to ensure safety in operating a forward tipping dumper.
60. Manufacturers must give recommendations on how to travel a dumper up and down inclines. If this information is not known first hand, what is the general rule about travelling up and down slopes?
The general rule for traveling a forward tipping dumper up and down inclines is to carefully observe the manufacturer's recommendations. It is crucial to first consult the operator manual or contact the manufacturer for specific guidance on incline angles, ground conditions, and any additional precautions. Following these instructions ensures safe operation and helps to prevent accidents or equipment damage.
61. The function or job role of a dumper driver, when transporting materials, is to?
The function of a dumper driver is to transport construction or waste materials to and from different locations using a forward-tipping dumper.