1. What effect can a swinging load have on an excavator?
Swinging loads can cause an excavator to become unbalanced and tip over, leading to accidents and potential injuries. The swinging motion can also strain the boom and other components of the excavator, eventually causing damage or breakage. It is therefore crucial to avoid swinging the load when operating an excavator to maintain stability and ensure safety.
2. If a hook is fitted to the machine for lifting purposes, what must be checked before use?
Before using the hook on an excavator weighing less than 10 tonnes for lifting purposes, you should check a few things. Firstly, ensure that the hook is adequately designed, robust, and securely fitted to the machine. Check the hook's load capacity to ensure it can safely handle the intended load. Verify that the hook's lifting mechanism, such as the hoist or winch, is in good working order. Finally, inspect the lifting accessories, such as slings or chains, to ensure they are fit for use and properly secured to the hook.
3. With regards to lifting accessories, irrespective of who supplied the accessories, what THREE factors should be ensured before the accessories are used?
Three factors that should be ensured before using lifting accessories are:
1. Compliance: Ensure that the lifting accessories meet relevant standards, regulations, and industry guidelines to ensure safe and proper operation.
2. Condition: Assess the condition of the accessories to ensure that they are in good working order, free from defects and damage that could compromise their safety and effectiveness.
3. Compatibility: Ensure that the lifting accessories are suitable for the specific lifting operation, including considering factors such as capacity, design, and attachment points, to ensure safe and efficient lifting.
4. Using the lifting capacity diagram for A58: a) what is the maximum lifting capacity at 4 m radius over the sides of the track with the load at a height of 1 m b) what effect does fitting a bucket have on the lifting capacity c) what effect does the dozer blade have on the lifting capacity?
5. What is regarded as the danger or hazard zone during a lifting operation?
During a lifting operation with an excavator 360° below 10 tonnes, the danger or hazard zone is the area where there is a risk of people or objects being struck, crushed, or trapped. This zone typically extends in all directions from the lifting equipment and includes the swing radius of the excavator, the area below the load being lifted, and the area where the load is being placed. It is important to control access to this zone and ensure that it is clear of personnel and obstacles to minimize the risk of accidents or injuries.
6. Before lowering into or moving a drag box into a trench, what trench-related checks must be made?
Before lowering an excavator into or moving a drag box into a trench, the following trench-related checks must be made:
1. Ensure the trench is inspected for stability, to ensure it is safe to enter.
2. Check that there are no underground services such as cables or pipes present.
3. Verify that the trench is adequately prepared to support the weight of the excavator or drag box.
4. Confirm that proper edge protection and barriers are in place to prevent collapse or falls.
5. Assess any nearby traffic or pedestrians that could be affected during the lifting operation.
These checks are important to ensure the safety of the lifting operation in the trench.
7. What needs to be inspected on a quick-hitch coupler if attaching lifting accessories for the lifting of slung loads?
When using a quick-hitch coupler for lifting slung loads, several inspections must be carried out. Check that the coupler is compatible with the lifting equipment and has a suitable lifting capacity. Ensure it is properly attached to the excavator and inspect all locking mechanisms for security. Examine the condition of the coupler, including any signs of damage or wear. Verify that safety features, such as the safety pin or automatic lock, are functioning correctly. Finally, ensure the attachment points for the lifting accessories are in good condition. Conduct these inspections regularly to ensure safe lifting operations.
8. Accessories must only be attached to manufacturers' approved lifting points. Explain THREE possible consequences if the recommendations are not followed.
If the recommendations are not followed:
1. Safety risk: Attaching accessories to unapproved lifting points may compromise the stability and balance of the excavator, leading to potential accidents or equipment failure.
2. Damage to equipment: Improper attachment of accessories can cause undue stress on the excavator's structure, resulting in damage to the equipment, components, or attachments.
3. Legal implications: Failure to comply with manufacturers' instructions and approved lifting points may lead to breaches of health and safety regulations, resulting in potential legal consequences, penalties, or liability issues for the parties involved.
9. Why should long loads be lifted using a swivelling type lifting accessory?
Long loads should be lifted using a swivelling type lifting accessory because it allows for better control and reduces the risk of the load swinging or tipping. The swivelling feature enables the load to be positioned and adjusted more easily, improving safety and preventing damage to the load or surrounding structures. It also helps maintain stability and minimizes the risk of accidents during the lifting operation.
10. The safe working load (SWL) or working load limit (WLL) of a multi-leg chain sling only applies in what TWO conditions or configuration?
The SWL or WLL of a multi-leg chain sling only applies when the sling is configured in a straight lift and all legs are evenly loaded. Using the sling in any other configuration or not evenly distributing the load violates the safety guidelines and can lead to accidents or equipment failure. Make sure to always follow the manufacturer's instructions and consult with a qualified lifting operations professional.
11. If the accessory attachment point is not part of the bucket, give TWO reasons why it should be removed.
The accessory attachment point should be removed if it's not part of the bucket for two main reasons: compliance with safety regulations and reducing the risk of accidents. Safety regulations require that only approved attachments are used, and removing unapproved attachment points ensures compliance. Secondly, removing the accessory attachment point reduces the risk of accidents during lifting operations. Unapproved attachment points may not be properly designed or secured, increasing the likelihood of failure and potential harm to workers or nearby individuals. Removing such points enhances the overall safety and reliability of the excavator during lifting operations.
12. On both tracked and wheeled types: a) what differs between lifting over the side compared to over the front or the rear of the machine? b) Explain why.
a) The main difference between lifting over the side compared to over the front or rear of the excavator is the stability and balance of the machine. When lifting over the side, the machine may be more prone to tipping due to the lateral force exerted. Lifting over the front or rear provides better stability as the weight is distributed more evenly along the machine's longitudinal axis.
b) Lifting over the front or rear of the machine is generally safer because it maintains the machine's center of gravity and minimizes the risk of tipping. It also allows for better visibility and control during the lifting operation. Lifting over the side poses a higher risk of instability and can potentially result in accidents if not executed properly.
13. According to legislation, when are check valves and a rated capacity or load moment indicator required?
Check valves are not specifically required by legislation for excavators below 10 tonnes. However, they are recommended to prevent unintended movement of the boom or arm. A rated capacity or load moment indicator is required by legislation for excavators below 10 tonnes when conducting lifting operations. It helps to ensure that the equipment is not overloaded and can enhance overall safety during lifting.
14. What makes up the total (or gross) weight of a load that is to be lifted?
The total weight of a load that is to be lifted includes the weight of the object being lifted, any attachments or accessories, and the weight of any slings or lifting equipment used.
15. When slewing with a load, where should the operator be looking?
When slewing with a load, the excavator operator should primarily be looking in the direction of travel to ensure safety. They should also keep an eye on the load and its position, as well as any potential obstacles or hazards in the working area.
16. Who determines the lifting/object handling capacity of the machine?
The lifting/object handling capacity of an excavator 360° below 10 tonnes is determined by the manufacturer. They specify the machine's maximum lifting capacity based on its design, structural integrity, and stability. It is important to refer to the manufacturer's specifications and guidelines to ensure safe operation and avoid exceeding the machine's lifting capacity.
17. What is the main purpose of the Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI) or Load Moment Indicator (LMI)?
The main purpose of the Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI) or Load Moment Indicator (LMI) is to monitor and display the load moment of an excavator 360° below 10 tonnes during lifting operations. It helps ensure that the machine is being operated within its safe working limits by providing visual and audible warnings if the load moment approaches or exceeds the rated capacity. This helps prevent overloading and potential accidents, keeping both the operator and the site safe.
18. Which parts of the machine is the radius (for lifting) measured from?
The radius for lifting operations on an excavator 360° below 10 tonnes is typically measured from the center of rotation, which is the central point of the machine's revolving frame. It includes the cab, superstructure, and the components attached to the superstructure that can be extended or retracted, such as the boom and stick. The lifting radius is the distance from the center of rotation to the point where the load is being lifted, helping to determine the machine's lifting capacity. It's important to note that specific excavator models may have variations in their lifting radius.
19. If attaching accessories to a quick-hitch coupler, give TWO reasons why the coupler should be tilted in the downwards position (ram extended)?
There are two reasons why the coupler should be tilted downwards with the ram extended when attaching accessories to a quick-hitch coupler on an excavator 360° below 10 tonnes for lifting operations only. Firstly, it allows for better visibility, as the ram is in the extended position, making it easier to see and align the attachment. Secondly, it ensures a secure connection by ensuring the attachment engages fully with the coupler, reducing the risk of accidental detachment during lifting operations.
20. If the machine's rated capacity/object handling capacity chart is not available for reference, what other method can be used to determine the machine's lifting capacity?
In the absence of a rated capacity chart, an alternative method to determine an excavator's lifting capacity is to consult the machine's technical specifications provided by the manufacturer. These specifications usually include details such as the lifting capacity at different radii, boom lengths, and angles. Additionally, the machine's tested or documented load charts may be available, which can give guidance on its lifting capacity. It's essential to ensure that the specifications or load charts match the specific make, model, and configuration of the excavator in question to determine its safe lifting capacity accurately.
21. Manufacturers' lifting or object handling capacity charts apply (in all known cases) when the machine is level. What is the effect if a load is lifted or travelled facing downhill on a downhill slope?
Lifting or travelling downhill on a slope can affect the stability and safety of the machine. It is important to refer to the manufacturers' lifting or object handling capacity charts to determine the maximum load that can be safely lifted on a downhill slope. The load's weight distribution and the angle of the slope can impact the machine's stability, so caution should be exercised. It is advisable to consult with the manufacturer or a qualified engineer for specific guidance on lifting operations on downhill slopes.
22. Explain the purpose of a lift plan.
A lift plan outlines the methodology and safety measures required for lifting operations using an excavator 360° below 10 tonnes. It ensures that the lifting operation is carefully planned, executed safely, and minimizes risks to personnel and equipment. The plan takes into account factors such as load weight, center of gravity, lifting accessories, ground conditions, and necessary precautions like clearance areas and signaling procedures. It helps to coordinate activities, identify hazards, and ensures that everyone involved is aware of their roles and responsibilities. Ultimately, the purpose is to prevent accidents and ensure a safe and efficient lift.
23. If travelling with a load, name FIVE factors that must be taken into account by the operator before moving.
When moving with a load, the excavator operator should consider these five factors:
1. Ensure the load is securely attached and balanced to prevent tipping or falling during travel.
2. Assess the ground conditions to ensure they are suitable and stable for safe travel.
3. Check for any overhead obstructions that may hinder safe movement.
4. Confirm that the travel path is clear of any hazards or obstacles that could potentially damage the load or pose a risk to others.
5. Evaluate any visibility limitations that may affect safe navigation while transporting the load.
24. When an object needs to be lifted on a site, what should be the first consideration of planning?
The first consideration for planning lifting operations on a site should be assessing the weight and dimensions of the object to be lifted. This will determine the capacity and capabilities required of the excavator. It is crucial to ensure that the excavator is capable of safely lifting the object without exceeding its load capacity. Additionally, the stability of the ground and any potential obstacles or overhead obstructions should be evaluated to prevent accidents or damage. Prioritizing the safety of the lifting operation is of paramount importance.
25. Why must the controls be isolated before each load can be attached or disconnected by the slinger?
The isolation of controls before attaching or disconnecting loads by the slinger is crucial for safety reasons. By isolating the controls, you ensure that no accidental movement or operation of the excavator occurs while the slinger is working with the load. This helps prevent any potential hazards or accidents that could arise from the excavator's movement or the load swinging uncontrollably. Overall, isolating the controls is a necessary precaution to maintain a safe working environment during lifting operations.
26. If the load inadvertently or accidentally lands, what course of action should be taken?
If the load accidentally lands during lifting operations, the first course of action should be to ensure the safety of personnel in the area. Evacuate the immediate vicinity and establish an exclusion zone. Assess the situation to determine the cause of the accident and any potential hazards that may have been created. Report the incident to the relevant authorities and document it according to company procedures. If necessary, engage competent personnel to assist in safely and efficiently recovering the load. Take steps to investigate and prevent similar incidents in the future.