1. What makes up the total (or gross) weight of a load that is to be lifted?
The total weight of a load being lifted with an excavator 360° above 10 tonnes consists of the weight of the load itself, any attachments or accessories being lifted with it, and any additional weight added due to slings, chains, or other lifting equipment used. It is essential to know the total weight to ensure the excavator has the necessary lifting capacity and to maintain safety during operations.
2. On both tracked and wheeled types: a) what differs between lifting over the side compared to over the front or the rear of the machine? b) Explain why.
a) Lifting over the side of the machine differs from lifting over the front or rear because it changes the center of gravity of the load. When lifting over the side, the load is positioned further away from the excavator's centerline, which can affect stability and requires careful consideration.
b) This difference is important because the excavator's stability is influenced by the load's position and distance from its centerline. Lifting over the front or rear allows for better weight distribution and stability, while lifting over the side can introduce additional forces and potential hazards. Understanding these differences is crucial for safe lifting operations and preventing accidents.
3. Accessories must only be attached to manufacturers' approved lifting points. Explain THREE possible consequences if the recommendations are not followed.
Not using approved lifting points on an excavator above 10 tonnes can result in:
1. Structural damage - The incorrect attachment could potentially cause the excavator to become unbalanced or overloaded, damaging its structural integrity.
2. Equipment failure - The excavator could experience mechanical breakdowns or malfunctions due to the inappropriate distribution of weight caused by using non-approved lifting points.
3. Injury or fatalities - If the excavator becomes unstable or collapses during lifting operations, it could cause serious harm or even death to the operators or bystanders.
4. If the load inadvertently or accidentally lands, what course of action should be taken?
If a load inadvertently or accidentally lands during lifting operations with an excavator 360° above 10 tonnes, the immediate course of action should be to ensure the safety of everyone nearby. This may involve evacuating the area and calling emergency services if necessary. Following that, an investigation should be conducted to determine the cause of the incident and prevent future occurrences. Additionally, appropriate precautions should be taken to minimize the risk of similar accidents, such as reviewing and possibly revising the lifting plan, providing additional training to personnel, or implementing stricter supervision during lifting operations.
5. Before lowering into or moving a drag box into a trench, what trench-related checks must be made?
Before lowering or moving a drag box into a trench, you should check if the trench is properly supported, has no water accumulation, and if there are any obstructions. Ensure that the trench walls are stable and have sufficient support systems in place. Verify that there are no utilities or other services that may be damaged during the operation. Lastly, make sure that you have the necessary permits and a competent person overseeing the trench work.
6. If a hook is fitted to the machine for lifting purposes, what must be checked before use?
Before using the excavator's hook for lifting, it is important to check certain things. First, ensure that the hook is securely attached to the machine and in good condition. Next, examine the load capacity of the hook to ensure it can handle the intended weight. Check the lifting equipment, such as slings or chains, for any signs of damage or wear. Additionally, inspect the machine's lifting capabilities, including hydraulic systems and controls, to ensure they are functioning correctly. Lastly, verify that the operator is trained and competent in carrying out lifting operations with the excavator.
7. When an object needs to be lifted on a site, what should be the first consideration of planning?
The first consideration in planning lifting operations should be to assess the load to be lifted, including its weight and dimensions. This information will help determine the appropriate capacity and reach of the excavator. Additionally, factors such as the location and stability of the lifting area, potential obstacles, and any necessary permits or permissions should be taken into account. Proper risk assessments, including consideration of the competence and training of the lifting personnel, should also be carried out.
8. Who determines the lifting/object handling capacity of the machine?
The lifting/object handling capacity of an Excavator 360° above 10 tonnes for lifting operations is determined by the manufacturer. The machine's specifications and guidelines provided by the manufacturer will outline its lifting capacity. It is essential to consult the manufacturer's instructions and adhere to their recommendations to ensure safe and proper use of the machine for lifting operations.
9. Why must the controls be isolated before each load can be attached or disconnected by the slinger?
The controls of an excavator must be isolated before attaching or disconnecting loads to ensure safety. This prevents unintended movement of the machine, which could potentially cause accidents. Isolating the controls reduces the risk of accidental activation and provides a clear signal to the slinger that it is safe to proceed with the attachment or disconnection. This simple precaution is essential for maintaining a safe working environment and preventing any potential harm to personnel or property.
10. With regards to lifting accessories, irrespective of who supplied the accessories, what THREE factors should be ensured before the accessories are used?
Before using lifting accessories on an Excavator 360° above 10 tonnes for lifting operations, three factors that should be ensured are:
1. Proper Inspection: The accessories should be inspected to ensure they are in a safe and suitable condition for lifting operations.
2. Adequate Load Capacity: The accessories should be suitable for the intended load and have a sufficient load capacity to safely lift the required weight.
3. Appropriate Use: The accessories should be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and any relevant industry regulations, ensuring they are being utilized correctly and safely.
11. Why should long loads be lifted using a swivelling type lifting accessory?
Long loads should be lifted using a swivelling type lifting accessory because it allows for better control and stability during the lifting process. The swivel function enables the load to rotate, making it easier to position and maneuver into the desired location. This reduces the risk of the load swinging uncontrollably, which could cause damage to surrounding structures or pose a safety hazard to workers. By using a swivelling type lifting accessory, the load can be lifted and positioned more efficiently and safely.
12. According to legislation, when are check valves and a rated capacity or load moment indicator required?
According to the legislation, check valves are required on excavators above 10 tonnes for lifting operations only. A rated capacity or load moment indicator is also required in these cases.
13. What needs to be inspected on a quick-hitch coupler if attaching lifting accessories for the lifting of slung loads?
When using lifting accessories for slung loads on an excavator with a quick-hitch coupler above 10 tonnes, you should inspect the following:
1. Verify that the quick-hitch coupler is suitable for lifting operations and has the appropriate conformity markings.
2. Ensure the coupler is securely attached and in good condition.
3. Check that the locking mechanisms are functioning correctly.
4. Examine the lifting points and attachment points for any damage, wear, or deformities.
5. Confirm that the lifting accessories are compatible with the coupler and properly attached.
Conduct regular inspections and maintenance as per manufacturer guidelines and regulatory requirements to ensure safe lifting operations.
14. If the machine's rated capacity/object handling capacity chart is not available for reference, what other method can be used to determine the machine's lifting capacity?
In the absence of a rated capacity/object handling capacity chart, the machine's lifting capacity can be determined by conducting a thorough assessment of the machine's specifications, such as its maximum working radius, boom length, and hydraulic system capabilities. This information can be used along with the machine's dimensions and weight to calculate an approximate lifting capacity. However, it is crucial to note that this method is less accurate and may not provide the exact lifting capacity as specified by the manufacturer. It is always recommended to consult the manufacturer or a qualified engineer to ensure safe and accurate lifting operations.
15. What is the main purpose of the Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI) or Load Moment Indicator (LMI)?
The main purpose of the Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI) or Load Moment Indicator (LMI) is to measure the load moment on a machine during lifting operations. It helps to prevent overloading, which can compromise the stability and safety of the excavator. The RCI or LMI provides real-time information about the machine's capacity, allowing operators to make informed decisions and avoid potential accidents. It is an important safety feature that is required for excavators weighing above 10 tonnes and used for lifting operations.
16. Using the lifting capacity diagram for A59: a) if the machine is equipped with a 2.5 m long dipper, what is the maximum lifting capacity in tonnes at a 6 m radius/reach over the sides of the track with the load at 3 m height b) in principle, if a longer dipper is fitted, what effect does that have on the lifting capacity (assuming same size bucket and machine configuration)?
a) 2.25 tonnes.
b) Lifting capacity is reduced.
17. If attaching accessories to a quick-hitch coupler, give TWO reasons why the coupler should be tilted in the downwards position (ram extended)?
Tilting the quick-hitch coupler downwards (with the ram extended) when attaching accessories provides stability and ensures proper alignment. It minimizes the risk of the accessory becoming loose during operation, reducing the chance of accidents. Additionally, tilting downwards helps to facilitate easier and safer attachment of the accessory, as the weight of the accessory will aid in aligning it with the coupler.
18. Explain the purpose of a lift plan.
A lift plan is a detailed document that outlines the steps needed to safely execute a lifting operation. It ensures that the appropriate equipment, personnel, and procedures are in place to prevent accidents and damage. The purpose of a lift plan is to systematically assess potential risks, determine necessary precautions, and communicate the plan to all involved parties. A well-developed lift plan helps minimize workplace hazards, enhancing safety and adherence to legal requirements. It is crucial in ensuring successful and secure lifting operations, protecting the well-being of workers and the integrity of property.
19. If the accessory attachment point is not part of the bucket, give TWO reasons why it should be removed.
The accessory attachment point, if not part of the bucket, should be removed for the following reasons:
1. Safety: Having an additional attachment point can increase the risk of accidents. Removing it reduces the chances of unintended lifting or swinging, promoting safer operations.
2. Stability: Extra attachment points might compromise the excavator's stability and balance during lifting operations. Removing them improves the machine's stability, minimizing the likelihood of tipping or overturning.
Overall, removing the non-integral attachment point prioritizes safety and stability, ensuring a secure and efficient lifting process.
20. Manufacturers' lifting or object handling capacity charts apply (in all known cases) when the machine is level. What is the effect if a load is lifted or travelled facing downhill on a downhill slope?
When lifting or travelling downhill on a downhill slope, the machine's stability may be compromised, primarily due to the reduction in its effective safe working load (SWL) capacity. The load chart provided by the manufacturer may not guarantee the machine's stability, as the slope has a significant impact on the machine's lifting capacity. It is advisable to consult the manufacturer or refer to specific guidance to understand the implications of lifting or travelling downhill on a downhill slope, as it can vary depending on the specific machine and its characteristics.
21. What is regarded as the danger or hazard zone during a lifting operation?
The danger or hazard zone during a lifting operation for an excavator 360° above 10 tonnes is typically the area around the machine where there is a risk of injury or damage. This zone will vary depending on the specific lifting operation, but it generally includes the immediate vicinity of the excavator and the path of the load being lifted. It is crucial to establish clear exclusion zones and use appropriate signals and barriers to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment within the danger zone.
22. When slewing with a load, where should the operator be looking?
The operator of an excavator 360° above 10 tonnes should primarily focus on the movement ahead of the load during slewing. They should maintain a clear line of sight, facing the direction of slewing, and ensure the load remains stable and under control. Keeping attention on the load helps to prevent any obstructions or potential hazards. It is vital for the operator to follow safe lifting procedures and maintain situational awareness throughout the operation.
23. The safe working load (SWL) or working load limit (WLL) of a multi-leg chain sling only applies in what TWO conditions or configuration?
The SWL or WLL of a multi-leg chain sling only applies when it is used with all legs of equal length and angle, and when the load is evenly distributed among the legs. These conditions ensure proper load-sharing and balance, maximizing the sling's lifting capacity and safety.
24. Which parts of the machine is the radius (for lifting) measured from?
The radius for lifting operations on an excavator 360° above 10 tonnes is measured from the center of the swing circle to the attachment point of the lifting equipment. It is important to ensure proper measurement and adherence to safety guidelines when conducting lifting operations.
25. What effect can a swinging load have on an excavator?
A swinging load can cause instability and imbalance to an excavator. It can lead to the excavator tipping over or causing damage to its structure. The swinging motion of the load creates dynamic forces that the excavator is not designed to handle. It can put stress on the boom, arm, and bucket, leading to structural failure. Additionally, swinging loads increase the risk of accidents and injuries to the operators and others nearby. It is crucial to ensure proper securing and control of loads during lifting operations to prevent such hazards.
26. If travelling with a load, name FIVE factors that must be taken into account by the operator before moving.
When moving an excavator 360° above 10 tonnes with a load, operators should consider the following factors:
1. Load weight: Ensure that the load is within the excavator's lifting capacity to prevent overloading and potential accidents.
2. Load stability: Verify that the load is properly secured and balanced to maintain stability during travel and avoid tipping or shifting.
3. Obstacles and terrain: Assess the path for any obstacles or uneven terrain to determine the safest route for movement.
4. Clearances: Ensure there is sufficient clearance above, below, and around the load to avoid collisions with structures or other equipment.
5. Visibility: Check visibility conditions to ensure a clear line of sight while moving, especially to avoid hazards and pedestrians.
Always prioritise safety and comply with relevant regulations and guidelines when operating heavy machinery.