1. Using the Operator's Manual, state the figure for the torque setting for the wheel securing nuts/bolts.
Please refer to the Operator's Manual for the specific torque setting for the wheel securing nuts/bolts of the skid steer tool carrier.
2. On non self-levelling buckets, what problem can occur if a fully loaded bucket is raised to full height?
If a fully loaded bucket on a non self-levelling skid steer tool carrier is raised to its full height, the problem that can occur is that the load in the bucket can become unstable, causing a potential risk of tipping over the machine. The high center of gravity combined with the uneven distribution of the load can lead to loss of control and accidents. It is crucial to carefully assess and manage the load and maintain proper balance during lifting operations to ensure safety.
3. Name THREE conditions that mirrors on the machine must be in.
Mirrors on a skid steer tool carrier must be in three conditions: clean, undamaged, and properly adjusted. Clean mirrors allow for clear visibility, ensuring that the operator can see their surroundings without obstruction. Undamaged mirrors are crucial for accurate reflection and preventing distortion. Properly adjusted mirrors should be positioned correctly, providing the best possible view of the machine's blind spots.
4. a) How does silica dust harm the body b) What symptoms can result from exposure?
a) Silica dust harms the body when inhaled into the lungs. It can cause diseases such as silicosis, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Silica particles can damage lung tissue, leading to scarring and difficulty in breathing. Prolonged exposure to silica dust can have serious health consequences.
b) Symptoms of exposure to silica dust include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and fatigue. These symptoms may worsen over time as lung damage progresses. In severe cases, individuals may experience decreased lung function, respiratory failure, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. Regular medical check-ups are essential for early detection and management of these conditions.
5. Give TWO reasons why the skid steer operator should have an understanding of the type of material being loaded.
The skid steer operator should understand the type of material being loaded for two reasons:
1. Safety: Different materials have different properties and characteristics, such as weight, size, and stability. Understanding the material helps ensure that the skid steer operator can properly handle and maneuver it, reducing the risk of accidents or damage to the equipment or surroundings.
2. Efficiency: Knowledge of the material allows the operator to optimize the loading process. They can determine the appropriate attachment or technique to effectively and efficiently move the material, saving time and effort.
Overall, understanding the type of material being loaded is crucial for both safety and efficiency in demolition operations.
6. What are the possible outcomes if being prosecuted (by judicial bodies) for not complying with legislation and regulations?
If you are prosecuted for not complying with legislation and regulations in demolition operations, the possible outcomes include legal consequences such as fines or penalties, restrictions on future activities, and potential damage to your reputation. The severity of the consequences depends on the specifics of the case and the applicable laws. To avoid prosecution, it is essential to comply with all relevant legislation and regulations related to demolition operations. Seek legal advice if you are unsure about your obligations to ensure compliance and mitigate the risk of prosecution.
7. On pneumatic tyre-equipped machines, what is a possible consequence of using a tyre with a deep cut in the sidewall?
Using a tyre with a deep cut in the sidewall on a pneumatic tyre-equipped machine during demolition operations can pose a safety risk. It can lead to a sudden blowout or loss of air pressure, causing instability and potentially causing the machine to tip over. This can lead to accidents, injuries or damage to the equipment. It is essential to inspect and replace damaged tyres promptly to maintain safety on the worksite.
8. Name THREE ways in which an operator can minimise their impact upon the environment whilst using the machine.
1. Firstly, the operator can choose a skid steer tool carrier with efficient fuel consumption and emissions control systems. This helps reduce air pollution and minimize the carbon footprint of the machine.
2. Secondly, the operator can properly maintain and service the skid steer tool carrier, ensuring all components are in good working condition. Regular maintenance helps optimize fuel efficiency and reduces potential leaks, minimizing environmental impact.
3. Finally, the operator can practice responsible waste management on the demolition site. This includes segregating and recycling materials whenever possible, reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills, and adhering to local environmental regulations.
9. What additional requirements should be employed at height or on multi-floor buildings to prevent the machine from moving if working near to an edge?
When operating a skid steer tool carrier at height or on multi-floor buildings near an edge, additional measures should be taken to prevent the machine from moving. These measures include using wheel chocks or blocks to secure the machine's position, deploying stabilizers or outriggers to provide stability, and utilizing safety belts or harnesses to secure the operator. It is also essential to conduct a thorough risk assessment and ensure that all operators are adequately trained in the use of the specific equipment and safety procedures. Regular inspections and maintenance of the machine are crucial to ensure its safe operation near edges.
10. a) Name TWO methods of controlling dust during demolition and b) what precaution needs to be taken?
a) Two methods of controlling dust during demolition are:
1. Wetting down the surfaces: Spraying water on the surfaces being demolished helps to suppress dust particles and keep them from becoming airborne.
2. Using dust suppression equipment: This may include installing dust control systems, such as water misting systems or dust collectors, to capture and contain dust released during demolition.
b) The precaution that needs to be taken when controlling dust during demolition operations is to ensure that appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is used by workers. This includes wearing dust masks or respirators to prevent inhalation of dust particles and goggles or safety glasses to protect the eyes from dust. Proper training should be provided on the correct use and maintenance of PPE.
11. a) What must be undertaken as the first step when disconnecting a hydraulic line, and b) where can the specific information be found?
a) The first step when disconnecting a hydraulic line is to relieve the system pressure by shutting off the engine and operating the control valve to release any residual pressure. This avoids potential hazards.
b) Specific information about disconnecting hydraulic lines can be found in the skid steer tool carrier's manufacturer's manual or on their website. The manufacturer's instructions should provide detailed guidance on the safe procedures for disconnecting hydraulic lines specific to the equipment.
12. What is the definition of, or how can a hazard be described?
A hazard can be defined as a potential source of harm or danger. In the context of demolition operations using a skid steer tool carrier, hazards may include risks such as falling debris, collision with other vehicles or objects, equipment malfunction, electrical hazards, or exposure to hazardous materials. It is important to identify, assess, and manage these hazards to ensure the safety of workers and mitigate the risks associated with such operations.
13. Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the machine, what final action must be carried out?
Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the Skid Steer Tool Carrier, the final action that must be carried out is to engage the parking brake.
14. Name at least FIVE dangers that could be encountered in a structure being demolishing.
1. Structural Instability: The structure may become unstable during demolition, leading to collapses or structural failures.
2. Falling Debris: There is a risk of debris falling from heights, potentially causing injury to workers or bystanders.
3. Hazardous Materials: Asbestos, lead, or other hazardous materials may be present and need to be handled safely during demolition.
4. Utility Lines: Accidentally damaging utility lines can result in serious injuries or service disruptions.
5. Equipment Hazards: The use of heavy machinery and power tools introduces risks such as entanglement, crush injuries, or pinching hazards. Always ensure proper training and safety protocols are followed.
15. What is the purpose of a risk assessment?
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify potential hazards and evaluate the associated risks in order to develop measures to minimize or eliminate them. It helps ensure the safety of workers and others involved in the demolition operation. By understanding and assessing the risks, appropriate control measures can be implemented to prevent accidents and injuries. Regular review of the risk assessment is essential to account for any changes in circumstances or new hazards that may arise.
16. If checking the oil level using a dipstick, why must gloves be worn?
Gloves must be worn when checking the oil level using a dipstick to protect your hands from potential hazards such as hot engine parts, sharp edges on the dipstick, or contact with any contaminants in the oil. It is a safety precaution to minimize the risk of injuries or contamination.
17. Name FOUR different types or levels of sanctions that can be applied (by employers and judicial bodies) to plant operators who do not comply with, or follow legislation and regulations.
Four different types or levels of sanctions that can be applied to plant operators who do not comply with legislation and regulations are:
1. Verbal warning: Initial step where plant operators are verbally cautioned about non-compliance and encouraged to rectify their actions.
2. Written warning: A formal written notice outlining the non-compliance issues and requesting the operator to rectify their actions within a specified timeframe.
3. Suspension: Temporarily prohibiting the operator from performing their duties due to severe or repeated non-compliance.
4. Termination: Dismissing the operator from their employment as a result of continued and significant non-compliance with legislation and regulations.
18. What is the difference between a ROPS and FOPS structure?
A ROPS (Roll Over Protective Structure) is designed to protect the operator in the event of a rollover, while a FOPS (Falling Object Protective Structure) is designed to protect the operator from falling objects. ROPS is generally found on vehicles that have a risk of rolling over, such as tractors, while FOPS is commonly found on vehicles that operate in environments where there is a risk of objects falling from above, such as construction sites. Both structures are essential for operator safety and are built to industry standards.
19. The operator has to fit and use a new attachment using a quick-hitch coupler that they are unfamiliar with. What do Regulations (i.e. PUWER 98) and other guidance require the operator to have?
Regulations such as PUWER 98 require the operator to have adequate training and competence to operate the machinery and attachments safely. Specifically, they should receive instruction and supervision on the safe use of quick-hitch couplers and any new attachments before operation. They should be made aware of any limitations or requirements for safe connection and disconnection of the attachments. Additionally, regular maintenance and inspection of the coupler and attachments should be carried out to ensure their safe functioning.
20. In demolition operations how is silica dust created or formed?
Silica dust is created when materials containing crystalline silica, such as concrete, stone, or bricks, are pulverized, crushed, drilled, or blasted during demolition operations. The process of breaking down these materials releases small particles of respirable crystalline silica into the air. Silica dust can also be generated during activities like cutting, grinding, or sanding of materials containing silica. It is important to control the generation and limit workers' exposure to silica dust to prevent respiratory health issues. Using water suppression, proper ventilation, and personal protective equipment are important measures in reducing exposure to silica dust in demolition operations.
21. During work, the engine starts to overheat. Explain the danger if someone tries to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap.
If someone attempts to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is overheating, they are at risk of being scalded by the hot coolant or steam. The coolant can reach very high temperatures and can cause severe burns when it comes into contact with the skin. Additionally, releasing the pressure from the radiator or expansion tank without proper precautions can result in coolant spraying out forcefully, posing a risk of injury to anyone nearby. It is important to allow the engine to cool down completely before attempting any maintenance or inspection on the cooling system.
22. What does The Health and Safety at Work Act require employers to do with regards specifically to plant?
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure that plant, including skid steer tool carriers used in demolition operations, is safe and suitable for use. Employers must provide adequate training and supervision to operators, conduct regular maintenance, and carry out risk assessments to identify and mitigate hazards associated with the use of plant. Furthermore, employers must ensure that only competent workers operate the plant and that appropriate personal protective equipment is provided. Compliance with manufacturers' instructions and industry best practices is also crucial to fulfill legal obligations under the Act.
23. Describe ONE physical method of checking that the attachment is fully secured to the coupler prior to work.
One physical method to check if the attachment is securely fastened to the coupler is to visually inspect the connection. Ensure that all locking mechanisms are engaged and properly aligned. Look for any signs of looseness, gaps, or misalignment. Give the attachment a slight tug or shake to test its stability. If everything appears tight and secure, you can proceed with work. It is essential to follow the equipment manufacturer's guidelines and recommendations for a thorough inspection. Remember that safety is paramount, so always double-check before starting any demolition operations.
24. Using the Operator's Manual, state the cold-starting procedure for the machine. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
Please consult the machine's Operator's Manual for the cold-starting procedure as I'm unable to provide specific instructions without access to the manual. It is important to follow the manufacturer's guidelines to ensure proper operation and avoid any potential issues.
25. The operator is asked to work on a new project. State FIVE different requirements that must be considered or implemented before work commences.
1. Ensure that the operator is adequately trained and certified to safely operate the skid steer tool carrier and is familiar with its specific functions and features.
2. Conduct a thorough assessment of the site to identify any potential hazards, such as underground utilities, unstable structures, or environmental concerns.
3. Develop a comprehensive demolition plan that outlines the sequence of work, equipment needed, and safety measures to be followed.
4. Obtain all necessary permits and approvals from local authorities and stakeholders before commencing work.
5. Provide appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to the operator and any other personnel involved in the demolition operations to ensure their safety.
26. How are skid steer bucket sizes calculated?
Skid steer bucket sizes are typically measured in cubic feet or cubic yards. To calculate the bucket size, measure the length, width, and depth of the bucket in feet or inches. Then, multiply the three measurements together to find the volume. Convert the volume to cubic feet or cubic yards depending on your preference. Keep in mind that the actual capacity may be slightly less due to the shape and design of the bucket.
27. Why should demolition arising's be regularly removed during work?
Regularly removing demolition arisings during work is crucial for maintaining a safe and efficient construction site. Accumulated debris can create hazards such as tripping or falling. Additionally, leaving arisings unattended increases the risk of damage to machinery, obstruction of access routes, and interference with ongoing operations. By promptly removing arisings, the work area remains organised, reducing the likelihood of accidents and promoting better productivity.
28. The operator has been asked to drive the machine onto a transporter/trailer. a) Who is responsible for the loading operations and b) state FOUR actions to be considered by the operator before loading commences?
a) The responsibility for loading operations falls upon the operator of the skid steer tool carrier.
b) Before loading commences, the operator should consider the following actions:
1. Conduct a visual inspection of the transporter/trailer for any structural defects or hazards.
2. Ensure that the transporter/trailer is securely parked and stabilized.
3. Verify that the loading area is clear from any obstructions or debris.
4. Assess the weight and size of the skid steer tool carrier to ensure it is within the transporter/trailer's load capacity and dimensions.
29. How can a qualification or card benefit a plant operator?
Having a qualification or card can benefit a plant operator in the demolition industry in several ways. Firstly, it demonstrates that the operator has received appropriate training and has the necessary skills and knowledge to safely operate the skid steer tool carrier. This can improve their employability and increase job opportunities. Additionally, possessing a qualification can provide operators with access to higher-paying jobs, as many employers require their operators to hold relevant certifications. Furthermore, having a qualification or card ensures compliance with industry regulations and promotes a culture of safety on construction sites. Overall, it is valuable for a plant operator to have a qualification or card to enhance their career prospects and ensure safe and competent operation of the equipment.
30. Describe briefly how a (wheeled) skid steer 'steers' or changes direction.
A wheeled skid steer changes direction by using a system called skid steering. This involves independently driving the wheels on each side of the vehicle at different speeds. To turn left, the wheels on the right side slow down or stop, while the wheels on the left side continue to rotate. This motorized differential allows the skid steer to spin on its axis. To turn right, the opposite occurs. By manipulating the speeds of the wheels, the skid steer can maneuver in various directions. This steering mechanism is efficient and provides precise control during demolition operations.
31. When removing and handling asbestos cement sheets, what is the minimum PPE and RPE that should be worn?
When removing and handling asbestos cement sheets, the minimum PPE (personal protective equipment) should include protective clothing, such as disposable coveralls or a full-body suit, and gloves made of nitrile or latex. Additionally, a properly fitted respiratory protective equipment (RPE), such as a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter mask, should be worn to prevent inhalation of asbestos fibers. A face shield or safety goggles may also be necessary to protect the eyes. It is important to follow proper procedures and guidelines set by regulatory authorities to ensure safety during asbestos handling.
32. When travelling on wet dust, what effect does this have on the skid steer?
Travelling on wet dust can affect the skid steer in a few ways. It can make the ground more slippery, potentially causing the skid steer to lose traction. This could make it harder to control and maneuver the vehicle. Wet dust can also stick to the tires or tracks, increasing their weight and potentially causing the skid steer to sink into the ground. Additionally, wet dust can be abrasive and may cause faster wear and tear on the skid steer's components. It's important to exercise caution and consider the conditions before operating the skid steer on wet dust.
33. Why should a skid steer not be travelled if there is no attachment/bucket fitted to the loader arms?
A skid steer should not be travelled without an attachment/bucket fitted to the loader arms because it can affect stability and cause the machine to tip over. The attachment provides counterbalance and helps distribute the weight properly. Without it, the skid steer becomes unbalanced and unsafe to manoeuvre. It is essential to ensure proper attachment usage for stability and operational safety.
34. Name THREE attachments that are available for a skid steer used within the demolition sector.
Three attachments for a skid steer used in the demolition sector are:
1. Hydraulic Breaker/Hammer for breaking down structures,
2. Grapple Bucket for handling debris, and
3. Concrete Pulverizer for crushing concrete.
35. If access or egress to/from the cab has to be via the front of the machine, state two precautions to be observed before exiting the machine.
Before exiting a skid steer tool carrier from the front of the machine, two precautions to observe are:
1. Ensure that the machine is properly turned off and all controls are in the neutral position to prevent inadvertent movement or activation of hydraulic systems.
2. Verify that the machine's attachments, such as buckets or forks, are retracted or lowered to a safe position to avoid any potential contact or hazards while exiting.
36. If the structure being demolished is a multi-floor structure, name two precautions to be taken to ensure the integrity of the floor slab.
1. Before demolition begins, reinforce the floor slab with additional supports, such as temporary beams or props, in order to maintain its structural integrity during the demolition process.
2. Use a method called "top-down demolition" where the structure is demolished one floor at a time, starting from the top. This ensures that the load on the floor slabs below is minimized and helps prevent excessive stress on the floor slabs, preserving their integrity.
37. a) How many types of asbestos may be commonly found in the work place? b) Name the colours.
a) There are six commonly recognized types of asbestos found in the workplace: chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite.
b) The colors associated with different types of asbestos are not determining factors for identification. Visual inspection alone is not reliable for identifying asbestos. A laboratory analysis is required for accurate identification.
38. What is regarded as the most productive position for the receptacle to be in when being loaded by a skid steer working from a stockpile?
The most productive position for the receptacle when being loaded by a skid steer from a stockpile is typically to have it tilted slightly down and angled towards the skid steer. This allows for efficient loading and maximizes the amount of material that can be picked up in each pass. It also helps prevent spillage and ensures that the skid steer can safely maneuver while loading.
39. If setting up to work near to a pedestrianised area, state THREE factors that need to be taken into account.
When working near a pedestrianised area during demolition operations with a skid steer tool carrier, three factors that need to be considered are:
1. Safety: Ensure that adequate barriers and signage are in place to protect pedestrians from moving equipment and falling debris.
2. Noise: Take measures to minimize noise pollution, such as using noise-reducing equipment or scheduling work during quieter periods.
3. Dust control: Implement dust suppression techniques, like using water sprays or shielding measures, to prevent dust from affecting pedestrians and nearby buildings.
Overall, prioritizing safety, minimizing noise, and controlling dust are crucial factors to consider when working near pedestrianised areas during demolition operations.
40. What problems and hazards can soft ground cause to a loaded skid steer?
Soft ground can pose several problems and hazards to a loaded skid steer. Firstly, the weight of the machine along with the load can sink into the ground, causing it to become stuck and difficult to maneuver. Secondly, the soft ground may not provide enough support for the machine, resulting in instability and potential tipping over. Additionally, the soft ground can cause excessive tire wear and traction issues, leading to reduced control over the skid steer. It is crucial to assess ground conditions before operating a loaded skid steer and take necessary precautions to mitigate these risks.
41. Where should the Operator's Manual be kept and why?
The Operator's Manual for a Skid Steer Tool Carrier should be kept in a secure location within easy reach of the operator. This ensures that it is readily available for quick reference during operation. The manual provides essential information about the safe use, maintenance, and troubleshooting of the equipment. By keeping it easily accessible, operators can refer to it as needed, helping to prevent accidents, reduce downtime, and ensure proper functioning of the tool carrier.
42. On a semi-automatic quick-hitch attaching system: a) What is the purpose of the safety pin b) What checks MUST be made to the pin before use?
a) The purpose of the safety pin on a semi-automatic quick-hitch attaching system in a skid steer tool carrier for demolition operations is to secure the attachment in place and prevent unintentional detachment during operation.
b) Before using the safety pin, you must check if it is intact and not damaged. Ensure the pin is the correct size and securely fits into the designated hole in the quick-hitch. Verify that the pin is properly aligned with the attachment and quick-hitch mechanism. Lastly, double-check that the pin is engaged and locked securely before commencing any operation.
43. Name FOUR load-bearing structural elements.
Four load-bearing structural elements commonly found in demolition operations on a skid steer tool carrier are:
1. Frame: Provides the main structural support for the equipment and houses the engine and other components.
2. Boom: The extended arm that allows for lifting, digging, and carrying various attachments.
3. Loader Arms: Securely connected to the frame, these arms provide the necessary strength to handle heavy loads.
4. Chassis: The undercarriage of the skid steer, which includes the axles, wheels, and tracks, supports the weight and allows for mobility.
These elements work together to ensure the skid steer tool carrier can effectively perform its tasks in demolition operations.
44. How can a skid steer turn around within its own area?
A skid steer uses independent driving functions for its left and right wheels, allowing it to pivot within its own footprint. It achieves this by turning the wheels in opposite directions, causing one set of wheels to drive forward while the other drives backward. This creates a rotation effect, enabling the skid steer to turn around on the spot. It's a highly maneuverable feature that allows for precise movement in tight spaces where conventional turning might be limited.
45. If previously undetected asbestos is exposed when taking down a section of a building, what sequence of actions must be taken?
If previously undetected asbestos is exposed during demolition, the following actions should be taken:
1. Stop all work immediately in the affected area.
2. Inform the supervisor and site manager about the asbestos discovery.
3. Follow the established asbestos management plan, if available.
4. Contact a licensed asbestos removal contractor for assessment and advice.
5. Implement appropriate control measures to minimize the release of asbestos fibers.
6. Comply with all legal requirements and guidance related to asbestos removal.
7. Document the incident and any actions taken for future reference. 8. Resume work only after asbestos has been safely removed or encapsulated.
46. Apart from the operator, who else may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual?
Besides the operator, other personnel who may need to refer to the machine's Operator's Manual can include maintenance technicians, supervisors overseeing the operation, safety officers, and possibly other individuals who interact with the machine in a maintenance or operational capacity. It is essential to ensure that all relevant personnel have access to the Operator's Manual to ensure safe and efficient use of the equipment.
47. The operator is asked to tip material into a chute or drop shaft. State FIVE different requirements that must be considered or implemented before tipping commences.
Before tipping with a skid steer tool carrier in demolition operations, the following requirements must be considered or implemented:
1. Ensure the chute or drop shaft is structurally capable of handling the weight and force of the material being tipped.
2. Check that the area is clear of obstructions or debris that could interfere with the tipping process.
3. Verify that the operator has received proper training and understands the correct tipping procedures.
4. Communicate clearly with other workers to ensure their safety and make sure they are aware of the tipping operation.
5. Conduct a pre-operation inspection of the skid steer tool carrier to ensure it is in good working condition and can safely handle the tipping task.
48. Explain ALL visual checks that must be carried out on all types of quick-hitch bucket attaching systems before use.
Before using any type of quick-hitch bucket attaching system on a skid steer tool carrier for demolition operations, it is crucial to perform the following visual checks:
1. Inspect the quick-hitch mechanism for signs of wear, damage, or corrosion.
2. Check that all locking pins and bolts are securely fastened.
3. Examine the bucket's condition, ensuring that it is free from cracks, bends, or any other structural defects.
4. Verify that the bucket's teeth or cutting edges are in good condition and properly attached.
5. Ensure that all hydraulic hoses and connections are intact and not leaking.
6. Confirm that the attachment is properly aligned with the tool carrier's mounting system.
Performing these visual checks helps ensure the safe and efficient operation of the quick-hitch bucket attaching system.
49. What actions should be taken to a partially demolished structure at the end of a working day?
At the end of the working day, ensure the partially demolished structure is left in a safe and secure condition. Remove any debris or hazardous materials that could pose a risk. Secure the site to prevent unauthorized access and potential accidents. Cover or barricade any exposed areas to protect against the elements and discourage unwanted entry. Follow relevant health and safety regulations and industry best practices to ensure the site is properly managed during the demolition operations. Seek advice from a qualified professional if needed.
50. When parking the machine at the end of the shift, name THREE places where the machine should NOT be parked.
The machine should not be parked in front of emergency exits, fire hydrants, or in designated loading/unloading areas.
51. There are five areas within a demolition site. Name THREE of those areas.
The three areas within a demolition site are:
1. Debris or Rubble Pile - This is where the demolished material is collected and piled up for removal.
2. Hazardous Materials Area - This is where any materials that may be hazardous, such as asbestos or lead-based paint, are stored safely and securely.
3. Salvage or Recycling Zone - This is where materials that can be salvaged or recycled, such as metals or concrete, are sorted and stored for later use.
52. Why should a skid steer be re-fuelled at the end of the day?
A skid steer should be refueled at the end of the day to ensure it is ready for the next day's operations. It is important to have a full tank of fuel as running out during operations can lead to delays and downtime. Refueling at the end of the day ensures that the skid steer is ready for use and avoids interruptions in the work schedule. Additionally, keeping the fuel tank full helps to prevent condensation and moisture build-up within the tank, which can cause corrosion and damage to the fuel system.
53. When working in a confined area or space, name THREE hazards that can occur.
Three hazards that can occur when working with a skid steer tool carrier in a confined area are:
1. Collisions: Due to limited space, there is a higher risk of hitting structures, equipment, or other workers if proper caution is not exercised.
2. Fire or Explosion: Working in a confined area can increase the likelihood of flammable substances igniting or accumulating, leading to fire or explosion hazards.
3. Exposure to Hazardous Substances: The restricted space can result in a build-up of harmful fumes, dust, or other hazardous substances, affecting the health and safety of those working in the area.
54. Why must the seat belt be worn, even within the confines of the cab?
The seat belt must be worn in the cab of a skid steer tool carrier during demolition operations for safety reasons. Even within the confined space of the cab, wearing the seat belt helps protect the operator in case of sudden movements or potential accidents. It is a necessary precaution to prevent the operator from being thrown out of the seat or injured if the machine experiences sudden impacts, collisions or overturns. Always prioritize safety by wearing the seat belt, even in the cab.
55. Name THREE ways that a demolition plant operator can contribute in ensuring repeat business with the client or main contractor.
1. By consistently achieving high levels of productivity, efficiency, and safety during demolition operations, the plant operator can demonstrate their value to the client or main contractor, increasing the likelihood of repeat business.
2. Effectively communicating with the client or main contractor throughout the demolition process, keeping them informed of progress, challenges, and solutions, can build trust and foster a positive working relationship, encouraging repeat business.
3. Providing exceptional customer service, being responsive to client or main contractor requests, and addressing any concerns in a timely manner can leave a positive impression and contribute to repeat business.
56. When working the machine at height, describe FOUR considerations that must be taken into account when setting up for work.
When working the Skid Steer Tool Carrier at height, consider the following:
1. Stability: Ensure that the machine is on a firm and level ground to maintain stability and prevent tipping over.
2. Safety harnesses: Use appropriate safety harnesses and restraints to secure the operator when working at height.
3. Guardrails: Install sturdy guardrails around the work area to prevent falls or materials from rolling or falling off.
4. Load capacity: Be aware of the machine's load capacity limitations while working at height to prevent overloading and potential accidents.
These considerations will help ensure the safe setup and operation of the Skid Steer Tool Carrier when working at height.
57. Before starting work on a new project, how should the operator familiarise themselves with the work zone?
Before starting work on a new project, the operator should familiarize themselves with the work zone by conducting a site inspection. This involves assessing the site layout, potential hazards, and any restrictions or regulations that need to be followed. The operator should also review any available documentation, such as construction drawings or permits, to understand the planned scope of work and any specific requirements. Communication with other personnel, such as project managers or supervisors, is crucial to obtain further information and ensure everyone is on the same page. Safety should always be a priority during this process.
58. List SIX typical subject areas that should be covered in a site induction.
1. Safety procedures and protocols: Covering topics such as personal protective equipment (PPE), emergency procedures, and site-specific safety measures.
2. Site layout and access: Providing information on the site boundaries, entrance and exit points, and any restricted or hazardous areas.
3. Hazards and risks: Identifying potential hazards and risks on the site, including any specific to demolition operations and the use of skid steer tool carriers.
4. Work procedures and responsibilities: Outlining the tasks, roles, and responsibilities of workers involved in demolition operations, including the operation of skid steer tool carriers.
5. Environmental considerations: Highlighting any environmental regulations and best practices that need to be followed on-site, such as waste management and protection of natural resources.
6. Communication and reporting: Explaining the channels of communication, including reporting procedures for incidents, accidents, and near misses, as well as any specific requirements related to the use of skid steer tool carriers.
59. Chrysotile or white asbestos is known to be 'hydrophilic' or easily mixed with water. Therefore, what is the best control measure against fibres spreading during demolition operations?
The best control measure to prevent fibres from spreading during demolition operations is using wet methods. These involve thoroughly wetting the materials containing chrysotile asbestos before any disturbance or removal. This helps to prevent the release of fibres into the air. It is also important to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks and protective clothing to ensure the safety of workers from exposure to asbestos fibres. Monitoring the air during and after demolition operations is necessary to ensure that no fibres are released.
60. a) What is the minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a loaded skid steer and b) explain why?
a) The minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a loaded skid steer is generally determined by legal regulations, which can vary depending on the jurisdiction. It is essential to consult local guidelines and permits specific to your region before undertaking any work near open trenches.
b) The reason for enforcing a minimum distance when travelling with a loaded skid steer near open trenches is to ensure the safety of workers and the stability of the trench. Excessive weight or vibrations from the vehicle can potentially cause the trench walls to collapse or the ground to become unstable, posing serious risks to personnel and equipment. Therefore, maintaining a safe distance helps mitigate these hazards.
61. If the operator has to top-up the hydraulic oil, state TWO precautions to ensure cleanliness of the system.
To ensure cleanliness of the hydraulic system when topping up the hydraulic oil in a skid steer tool carrier during demolition operations, here are two precautions:
1. Start by cleaning the area around the hydraulic oil filler cap to prevent any dirt or debris from entering the system.
2. Use a clean funnel or a pump equipped with a clean hose to avoid introducing any contaminants into the hydraulic oil while adding it to the system.
62. State TWO requirements of using a stop block or earth bank (berm) at a trench discharging point.
Using a stop block or earth bank at a trench discharging point has two requirements:
1. Safety: The stop block or earth bank serves as a physical barrier to prevent unintentional or accidental discharge of materials from the trench. This helps to maintain a safe working environment by reducing the risk of debris or spoil falling or sliding into the trench, potentially causing injuries or accidents.
2. Environmental Protection: The stop block or earth bank also helps to control and contain any runoff or discharge from the trench. It acts as a buffer, preventing soil erosion and protecting nearby water sources from potentially harmful contaminants that could be carried by the discharged materials.
63. How or what counterweights the machine from the effects of a loaded bucket?
In a skid steer tool carrier, counterweights are used to counterbalance the weight of a loaded bucket. These counterweights help to stabilize the machine and prevent tipping or loss of control during operation. They are typically incorporated into the design of the machine and are strategically positioned to provide the necessary balance. The specific type and placement of counterweights vary based on the make and model of the machine. It's important to ensure that the machine is properly equipped with the appropriate counterweights to ensure safe operation.
64. Give FOUR reasons that may cause the skid steer to tip over sideways.
There are several reasons that may cause a skid steer to tip over sideways, including:
1. Overloading the skid steer beyond its safe capacity.
2. Turning too sharply or too quickly, causing the machine to lose stability.
3. Operating on uneven or unstable ground, such as steep slopes or soft soil.
4. Improperly distributed or unbalanced loads, which can shift the machine's center of gravity and cause tipping. It's essential to ensure proper training, follow load limits, and operate on stable terrain to minimize the risk of tipping.
65. What THREE main duties of The Health and Safety at Work Act must employees follow?
Employees must follow three main duties outlined in The Health and Safety at Work Act. Firstly, they must take reasonable care of their own health and safety, as well as the safety of others who may be affected by their actions. Secondly, they must cooperate with their employer to ensure compliance with health and safety requirements. Lastly, employees must not intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse anything provided for health and safety purposes. These duties are essential in maintaining a safe working environment and preventing accidents or harm to individuals involved in demolition operations.
66. What are the requirements for creating a raised working platform?
When creating a raised working platform for demolition operations using a skid steer tool carrier, there are a few requirements to consider:
1. Ensure the platform is stable and capable of supporting the weight of workers and equipment.
2. Use suitable materials, such as steel beams, for the platform's framework.
3. Install guardrails or handrails around the perimeter to prevent falls.
4. Provide secure access, such as a properly designed ladder or stairs.
5. Comply with relevant health and safety regulations and guidelines.
6. Regularly inspect and maintain the platform to address any hazards or defects.
Always consult with a structural engineer and follow national and local regulations for creating a raised working platform.
67. If the operator has loaded the machine onto a transporter/trailer on behalf of a driver, what checks must be carried out before they leave the cab?
Before leaving the cab, the operator should perform checks to ensure the machine is secure on the transporter/trailer. These include inspecting the securing straps or chains to ensure they are properly fastened and in good condition. The operator should also check that the machine is positioned correctly and securely on the transporter/trailer, with the parking brake engaged and the armrests locked. Additionally, it is important to check that any auxiliary attachments, such as buckets or forks, are properly stowed or secured.
68. Demolition plant operators are generally regarded as 'safety-critical' workers. What does this mean?
Being 'safety-critical' means that the role of a demolition plant operator is crucial for maintaining safety. Their tasks involve using specialized equipment, like skid steer tool carriers, to demolish structures. Therefore, their actions directly impact the safety of everyone on-site. It is vital for demolition plant operators to adhere to safety protocols and follow regulations to prevent accidents and protect the well-being of themselves and others. Being safety-critical highlights the importance of their role in maintaining a safe working environment during demolition operations.
69. a) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from over head electricity lines and b) explain why a distance should be kept.
a) The minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by safety regulations such as the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 and the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. These regulations outline specific guidelines and distances that must be followed.
b) A distance should be kept to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. Overhead electricity lines carry high voltage electrical currents, which can result in serious injury or even death if contact is made. Keeping a distance helps to reduce the risk of accidental contact and minimizes the potential for electrical shocks or arc flashes. It is important to prioritize safety when working near overhead electricity lines.
70. When working in a confined area or space: a) what danger can be present with regards to the rear of the machine, b) what is the recommended minimum distance and c) what measures must be implemented if the gap is less?
a) The danger present with regards to the rear of the machine is potential crushing or trapping hazards, as the skid steer tool carrier can pivot and move in unpredictable ways.
b) The recommended minimum distance is typically 2 meters (6 feet) to ensure sufficient space for the operator and minimize the risk.
c) If the gap is less than the recommended minimum distance, additional measures such as physical barriers, warning signs, or a designated spotter must be implemented to ensure the safety of personnel and mitigate the risk of accidents.
71. Describe how exposure to asbestos fibres can cause health issues.
Exposure to asbestos fibres can cause various health issues. Inhalation of asbestos fibres can lead to serious lung diseases, including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. These diseases may develop over time, as asbestos fibres can enter the lungs and cause inflammation, scarring, and damage to lung tissues. Symptoms may not appear immediately, and the effects can be long-lasting and potentially fatal. It is crucial to prevent exposure to asbestos through proper safety measures and by following regulations and guidelines established by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and other relevant authorities.
72. a) What is the purpose of a Method Statement and b) what is required of the operator?
a) The purpose of a Method Statement in demolition operations is to outline the sequence of activities, safety precautions, and equipment to be used. It provides a systematic approach to ensure the work is conducted safely and efficiently, reducing risks.
b) The operator of a skid steer tool carrier during demolition operations should have appropriate training, certification, and experience. They must follow the Method Statement, adhere to health and safety regulations, and operate the machinery safely. Regular inspections, maintenance, and proper use of personal protective equipment are also required.
73. a) Name THREE purposes of the raised lugs on tyres and b) what can happen to a skid steer if the lugs are severely worn?
a) The three purposes of raised lugs on tires are:
1. To provide better traction, especially on uneven or slippery surfaces.
2. To enhance stability by preventing side-to-side slippage.
3. To improve self-cleaning ability by clearing mud, debris, or snow from the tire treads.
b) If the lugs on a skid steer's tires are severely worn, several issues can occur:
1. Reduced traction, leading to decreased performance and safety risks.
2. Increased risk of skidding or sliding, potentially resulting in accidents.
3. Diminished ability to clear debris or mud from the tires, impacting overall efficiency. It is crucial to monitor tire lugs' condition and replace worn tires promptly.
74. Why should different materials be segregated during demolishing?
Different materials should be segregated during demolishing to ensure proper disposal and recycling. Segregation helps to minimize environmental impact and comply with waste management regulations. Separating materials such as concrete, metal, wood, and hazardous substances allows for efficient sorting and recycling, which can reduce the need for new resources and decrease landfill waste. Segregation also improves worker safety by reducing the risk of contamination or accidental mixing of incompatible materials. Overall, segregating different materials during demolishing promotes sustainable practices and responsible waste management.
75. If setting up to demolish in a confined area, name THREE things that should be taken into account before starting.
When setting up a demolition operation in a confined area, three important factors to consider are safety, access, and waste management. Ensure that safety measures are in place to protect workers and the surrounding environment. Assess the ease of access for machinery and materials to avoid logistical challenges during the demolition process. Implement proper waste management procedures to safely handle and dispose of debris generated during the demolition. These considerations will help ensure a smooth and efficient demolition operation while minimizing risks and disruptions.
76. When constructing a ramp, name THREE considerations to take into account.
1. The load-bearing capacity of the ground: Ensure that the ground can support the weight of the ramp, considering factors such as soil type and any existing structures or utilities underground.
2. Gradient and slope: Determine the appropriate gradient and slope for the ramp based on the desired use and accessibility requirements, considering factors such as safety, ease of use, and compliance with relevant regulations or standards.
3. Material selection: Choose the appropriate materials for constructing the ramp, considering factors such as durability, weather resistance, cost-effectiveness, and compliance with any specific project requirements or regulations.
77. Before manually changing any bucket: a) Where should the bucket be positioned (in relation to the ground) before unlatching and b) explain why?
a) The bucket should be positioned on the ground before unlatching.
b) This is to ensure stability and prevent the bucket from swinging or causing imbalance when unlatched, which could be hazardous. Placing it on the ground provides a solid support base and minimizes any potential risks during the manual changing process.
78. What may happen if the load is tipped downhill on a slope and why?
If the load on a skid steer tool carrier is tipped downhill on a slope, it can lead to instability and potentially cause the machine to overturn. The force of gravity acting on the load combined with the downward slope can create an unbalanced weight distribution, making the machine vulnerable to tipping over. This can result in damage to the machine, potential injury to the operator, and damage to the surrounding environment. It is crucial to avoid tipping loads downhill on slopes to maintain safety and stability during demolition operations.