CPCS Crusher & Screener (A42/A43) Theory Test Questions & Answers

Raising the screen box can have several effects on the screening operation. It can increase the capacity and efficiency of the screener by allowing more material to pass through the screen. This can result in a higher production rate and better separation of fines and oversize material. However, raising the screen box too high may lead to material cascading off the screen, causing loss of valuable product and potential damage to the equipment. It is important to find the optimal position for the screen box to achieve the desired screening performance without compromising safety and production.

1. Ensure that the radios are in working condition.
2. Check that the radios have sufficient battery power to last the duration of the processing operations.
3. Verify that the radios are on the correct channel or frequency for effective communication.
4. Test the range of the radios to ensure clear reception and transmission within the working area.

Under PUWER 98 and other guidance, the operator using a new crusher or screener should receive suitable training and instruction. This should cover how to operate the specific equipment safely, including understanding its features, controls, and any risks associated with its use. The operator should also receive the necessary information regarding any required personal protective equipment (PPE), specific operational procedures, and maintenance requirements. It is important for operators to be competent and knowledgeable about the machinery they are using to ensure safety and compliance with regulations.

a) The purpose of a Method Statement (MS) is to outline the step-by-step procedure for completing a specific task in a safe and efficient manner. It helps identify potential hazards, control measures, and responsibilities to ensure the work is carried out safely.

b) The operator of a crusher and screener should have the necessary qualifications, training, and competency to operate the equipment safely. They should adhere to the MS, follow manufacturer guidelines, inspect the equipment before operation, wear appropriate PPE, and maintain a safe working environment for themselves and others. Regular communication with supervisors and adherence to site rules are also important.

Three types of conveyors commonly used on a screener are belt conveyors, vibrating conveyors, and screw conveyors.

The four key causes of accidents during crushing and screening operations are:
1. Lack of adequate training for operators which can lead to mistakes;
2. Poor maintenance of machinery, increasing the risk of breakdowns and accidents;
3. Inadequate guarding and safety measures around the equipment, exposing workers to hazards;
4. Failure to follow safe work practices, such as not wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. These causes can result in serious injuries or fatalities, making it crucial to address them through proper training, maintenance, and adherence to safety protocols.

To meet production output specifications, the screener should be set up with the appropriate mesh size to screen the desired material. Consider factors such as feed size, moisture content, and the desired final product size. Adjust the inclination or angle of the screener to optimize screening efficiency. Ensure the proper tension of the screen mesh and check for any blockages that might hinder production. Regularly maintain and clean the screener to prevent build-up and maximize its performance.

When using water suppression for a crusher and screener, the water should be applied directly at the point where dust is generated. This means focusing on the areas where material is being crushed or screened. The goal is to dampen the dust and minimize its spread. By applying water at the source of dust production, you can effectively suppress it and reduce the potential for environmental and health hazards. Ensure that the water is applied in the correct quantity to achieve sufficient suppression without causing excessive wetness or impairing the equipment's functionality.

To ensure cleanliness when topping up hydraulic oil in a crusher and screener, two precautions are:
1. Use a clean funnel or dedicated filling port to prevent contamination from dirt or debris.
2. Keep the surrounding area free from dust and debris to prevent particles from entering the hydraulic oil.

Possible causes for blockages in crushers could include inadequate maintenance and cleaning of the crusher, insufficient lubrication of moving parts, presence of foreign objects or contaminants in the material being crushed, and using the wrong type or size of crusher for the material or application.

1. Dust inhalation: Operating the crusher and screener from the platform can expose workers to high levels of dust, which can lead to respiratory issues like coughing, wheezing, and even lung diseases such as bronchitis or silicosis.

2. Noise-induced hearing loss: The constant noise generated by the crusher and screener can cause hearing damage if proper hearing protection is not worn, resulting in permanent hearing loss over time.

3. Crush injuries: Working with large machinery like crushers and screeners poses a risk of crush injuries if proper safety precautions are not followed, such as securing loose clothing or body parts and maintaining a safe distance.

4. Slips, trips, and falls: The platform of the crusher and screener can become slippery due to oil or debris. Failure to maintain a clean and safe platform may lead to slips, trips, and falls, resulting in injuries.

5. Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS): Regularly operating vibrating equipment like crushers and screeners can contribute to the development of HAVS, causing pain, numbness, and reduced grip strength in the hands and arms of workers.

Two problems that wet weather can cause during crushing and screening are:
1. Material clogging: Wet weather can make the material sticky and cause it to adhere to the screens and conveyor belts, leading to clogging and reduced efficiency.
2. Poor product quality: Rainwater can mix with the crushed material, affecting its quality and making it unsuitable for certain applications. Waterlogged material can also cause blockages and downtime in the machinery.

a) The operator is responsible for the loading operations.
b) Before loading commences, the operator should consider the following four actions:
- Ensure that the crusher and/or screener is securely fastened to the transporter/trailer, following proper guidelines and using appropriate restraints.
- Perform a visual inspection of the transporter/trailer and its condition, checking for any defects or damages that may affect the loading process or the safety of the equipment.
- Verify the weight capacity and load distribution limits of the transporter/trailer, ensuring that the crusher and/or screener meets these requirements to prevent overloading or imbalanced loading.
- Confirm that any necessary permits, documentation, and safety procedures are in place for transporting the crusher and/or screener to comply with relevant regulations and prevent any potential legal or safety issues.

The three actions or stages that a crusher and screener operator undertakes during pre-use inspections are:
1. Visual inspection, where they check for any physical damage or signs of wear and tear.
2. Functional inspection, where they ensure that all components and systems are operating properly.
3. Documentation, where they record and document the findings of the inspection for reference and compliance purposes.

A trommel-type screener uses a rotating drum with a mesh screen. As material is fed into the drum, smaller particles pass through the mesh, while larger particles remain on top. This segregation is achieved by the rotational motion and the size of the screen openings. The drum's inclination also helps in separating material. Generally, finer materials exit through the mesh at the discharge end, while larger materials are carried along the drum until they reach the opposite end. The segregated material can then be collected separately for further processing or disposal.

a) The minimum distance to maintain from the edge of the trench when forming stockpiles should be at least 1 meter.
b) This distance is necessary to ensure the stability and safety of the trench. Stockpiles can exert loads on the soil, which can further destabilize the trench walls. By maintaining a minimum distance of 1 meter, the risk of collapse or cave-ins is reduced, providing a safer working environment for the construction team.

Setting the engine speed to the manufacturer's recommendations on magnet-equipped machines is crucial for several reasons:

1. Optimal Performance: Engine speed directly affects the performance of the crusher and screener. Manufacturers have designed their machines to operate most efficiently at specific engine speeds.

2. Avoiding Damage: Operating the machine at higher or lower engine speeds than recommended can cause excessive wear and tear, leading to increased maintenance costs and potential breakdowns.

3. Safety Considerations: The manufacturer's recommendations take into account factors like vibration, load capacity, and other safety considerations. Following these recommendations ensures safe and reliable operation.

Ultimately, adhering to the manufacturer's engine speed recommendations for magnet-equipped machines ensures optimal performance, minimizes maintenance, and enhances safety.

Entry into the crushing and screening chamber areas should only be permitted when the equipment is shut down, isolated, and all sources of energy have been effectively locked and tagged out. Safety protocols must be adhered to, including wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, such as hard hats and safety goggles, and following established procedures for entry and exit. Always prioritize safety and follow guidelines provided by equipment manufacturers and industry regulations.

When a crusher or screener appears to stall, firstly, check if there is a power supply by ensuring it is connected and functioning properly. Secondly, examine if there is sufficient material in the machine by inspecting the hopper or feed system. Thirdly, assess if there are any blockages in the machine by inspecting the discharge chutes or screens. These initial steps will help identify common issues and determine if remedial work is necessary. Remember to prioritize safety throughout the process.

First, ensure the crusher is switched off and isolated from energy supply. Then, visually inspect the crusher to identify the cause of blockage. Next, implement a safe system of work to remove the blockage, following relevant procedures. Finally, once the blockage is cleared, conduct a thorough inspection to assess any damage and ensure the crusher is ready for operation.

The requirements for safely standing an excavator on a crusher and screener include having a stable and level ground, ensuring the excavator is properly positioned and centered, checking that the crusher and screener can safely support the weight of the excavator, and confirming that there is enough clearance for the excavator's bucket and boom. It is crucial to consult the manufacturer's guidelines and any relevant safety regulations to ensure compliance. Additionally, regular inspections and maintenance of the equipment are essential to prevent accidents and ensure optimal performance.

1. Health and Safety: Covering the relevant PPE requirements, emergency procedures, and hazards specific to the site.
2. Site Layout: Provide an overview of the site layout, including entrances, exits, parking areas, and restricted areas.
3. Site Operations: Outline the key activities taking place on the site, such as excavation, concrete pouring, or demolition works.
4. Environmental Considerations: Highlight any environmental sensitivities or requirements, such as waste management or noise control.
5. Site Rules and Regulations: Explain the site rules, including working hours, site access procedures, and any specific regulations to be followed.
6. Communication: Discuss the communication channels on-site, including who to report to, safety briefings, and any site-specific communication systems in place.

Three methods that can be used to minimize dust, apart from water, are:

1. Implementing dust control measures such as installing dust suppression systems or using dust collectors to capture airborne particles.
2. Using mechanical ventilation systems to remove or dilute dust in the air.
3. Applying chemical dust suppressants that bind dust particles together, preventing them from becoming airborne.

Possible outcomes of facing prosecution for non-compliance with legislation and regulations in the UK construction industry can include fines, imprisonment, or both. Heavy fines can be imposed, depending on the severity of the offense, to act as a deterrent and ensure compliance. Imprisonment may be considered for more serious cases, such as willful neglect of worker safety or repeated non-compliance. Additionally, prosecution can result in damage to a company's reputation, leading to loss of business opportunities. It is crucial for construction industry professionals to ensure strict adherence to legislation and regulations to avoid these potential consequences.

a) In the context of crushers and screeners, "roll back" refers to the unintended reverse movement of a machine. It can occur when the equipment's hydraulic system fails to hold the machine in position and allows it to move backward.

b) Roll back can be prevented by ensuring that the hydraulic system is well-maintained and operating correctly. Regular inspections, repairs, and maintenance of the hydraulic components, including valves and cylinders, are essential. Additionally, adequate training of operators on the safe use and operation of the equipment can help prevent roll back incidents.

A crusher and screener should not be parked in residential areas, public footpaths, or environmentally sensitive areas where protected plants or wildlife may be impacted.

Two things that can cause "bridging" when crushing material are:
1. Excessive moisture in the material, which can lead to clumping and obstruction.
2. Irregular shape or size of the material, causing it to interlock and block the crusher.

Soft ground can cause several problems and hazards when traversing a site with a mobile crusher and screener unit. Firstly, there is a risk of the unit sinking or getting stuck in the soft ground, leading to delays and potential damage to the equipment. Additionally, the unit's weight may cause the ground to become uneven or unstable, increasing the risk of tipping or overturning. Soft ground can also impair the unit's traction, making it difficult to maintain control and causing potential accidents. It is crucial to assess the ground conditions and take appropriate measures, such as using temporary ground protection mats, to mitigate these risks.

a) The minimum distances that plant and machinery should be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by regulations, such as the Electricity at Work Regulations and Health and Safety Executive (HSE) guidelines. These regulations consider factors like the voltage of the lines and potential risks associated with contact or proximity to electrical installations.

b) Maintaining a distance from overhead electricity lines is important for safety. Contact or close proximity to live electrical lines can cause electrocution, fire, or equipment damage. Keeping a safe distance helps to reduce these risks and ensures the safety of workers and equipment.

The operator should have an understanding of the material being loaded for screening because it affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the process. Firstly, different materials have different properties, such as density and moisture content, which can impact the screening process and require adjustments to be made. Secondly, knowing the material helps to identify potential hazards or challenges that may arise during the screening process, enabling the operator to take appropriate safety measures and prevent accidents. Understanding the material being loaded ensures optimal screening results and safe operation.

If the operator is working alone for long periods, two important considerations are ensuring proper communication methods are in place and having emergency plans established. Communication methods, such as radios or mobile phones, enable the operator to contact colleagues or emergency services if assistance is required. Emergency plans should outline procedures for contacting help, providing first aid, and dealing with potential accidents. These measures ensure that the operator can quickly and effectively communicate with others and receive necessary assistance in case of emergency.

Gloves should be worn when checking the oil level on a crusher or screener using a dipstick to protect your hands and keep them clean. Oil can be hot and potentially cause burns. Additionally, wearing gloves helps to prevent any contamination from the oil getting on your skin or causing an allergic reaction. Safety measures such as wearing gloves are important to minimize risk and maintain good hygiene when working with machinery.

Using a wedge or mouse to clear blockages in crushers and screeners is unsafe and should not be used. These methods can cause serious injury or even death. The force applied when using a wedge or mouse can cause sudden release of stored energy, leading to equipment parts moving unexpectedly. Additionally, using these methods can damage the equipment, leading to costly repairs and downtime. It is important to follow safe operating procedures recommended by equipment manufacturers, which may involve using appropriate tools or contacting trained personnel for blockage clearance.

A crusher or screener should be refuelled at the end of the day to ensure that it has enough fuel for operations the next day. Running out of fuel during work hours can result in delays and downtime, affecting productivity. Refuelling at the end of the day allows for an efficient start the following morning. It is also important to store the equipment with a full tank to prevent condensation and fuel system issues. Overall, regular refuelling minimises disruptions and helps maintain smooth operations.

Plant operators are considered 'safety-critical' because their role involves operating heavy machinery such as crushers and screeners. These machines have the potential to cause serious accidents if not operated properly. Plant operators play a crucial role in ensuring the safe functioning of the equipment and the protection of themselves and others on site. They need to have comprehensive knowledge and skills to operate the machinery safely, including awareness of hazards and potential risks. Any lapses in safety protocols by plant operators can have significant consequences, making their role vital for maintaining a safe working environment.

1. Uneven or unstable ground conditions can cause a mobile crusher or screener to tip over sideways during travel. It is important to assess the terrain and prepare it properly before moving the equipment.

2. Excessive speed while traveling can lead to instability and increase the risk of tipping over sideways. Operators should always follow recommended speed limits and precautions when transporting mobile crushers or screeners.

3. Improper loading or weight distribution can also cause a mobile crusher or screener to become unbalanced and tip over sideways. Correctly loading and distributing the weight on the equipment is critical for safe transportation.

Regular inspection, adherence to safety guidelines, and proper training for operators can help prevent tipping incidents during travel.

a) A harness is used when there is a risk of falling from height, such as working on scaffolding or working near an open edge. It provides support and prevents falls.

b) The type of harness used is determined by the specific job requirements and the level of risk involved. Factors such as the nature of the work, the potential fall distance, and the presence of any specific hazards will determine the type of harness required. It is important to assess the specific circumstances and use the appropriate harness to ensure worker safety.

1. Accessibility: Ensure the crusher and screener are positioned in a location that allows easy access for maintenance and repairs, as well as for loading and unloading materials.

2. Stability: Ensure both machines are positioned on a stable and level surface to prevent any structural issues or safety hazards during operation.

3. Ventilation: Consider the need for suitable ventilation to prevent overheating of the machines and to minimize dust accumulation in the surrounding area.

4. Noise Control: Position the crusher and screener away from residential areas or sensitive locations to minimize noise disturbances.

5. Safety Zone: Establish a designated safety zone around the machines to prevent unauthorized access and accidents during operation.

6. Material Flow: Position the crusher and screener to optimize material flow, ensuring efficient processing and minimizing downtime.

a) The minimum distance required near open trenches when travelling with a mobile crusher and/or screener varies based on local regulations and safety guidelines. It is best to consult the specific legal requirements in your area or consult with a health and safety professional to ensure compliance.

b) Open trenches pose potential risks such as collapse or instability. Maintaining a safe distance helps to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries. Proper safety precautions are necessary to protect both the workers and the equipment operators.

Attempting to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is overheating can be extremely dangerous. The high pressure within the cooling system can cause hot coolant and steam to forcefully spray out, potentially causing severe burns and injuries. It is crucial to let the engine cool down before attempting to open the radiator or expansion tank cap to avoid such risks.

The Noise at Work Act 1994 requires employers to assess and control noise exposure in crusher and screener operations. Three requirements under this Act include:
1. conducting noise assessments regularly,
2. identifying noise control measures, and
3. providing personal hearing protection to workers when noise exposure exceeds the action level. These requirements aim to protect employees from excessive noise and prevent potential hearing damage. Employers should ensure compliance with the Act to create a safe and healthy working environment.

Operators can minimize their environmental impact while using a crusher and screener by:
1. Efficiently managing waste and recycling materials, ensuring proper disposal procedures are followed.
2. Using advanced dust suppression systems to control dust emissions and prevent pollution.
3. Implementing noise reduction measures, such as noise barriers or equipping the machinery with noise-reducing features to minimize noise pollution.

Leaving a layer of material in the feed hopper can help to prevent the crusher from running empty, which can cause damage to the machine. It ensures a consistent feed rate and keeps the crusher operating efficiently. Additionally, having a layer of material in the hopper helps to reduce the impact of large rocks or debris, preventing excessive wear on the crusher's components.

Having a qualification or card can benefit a plant operator in several ways. It demonstrates that they have undergone training and possess the necessary skills and knowledge to operate the machinery safely and efficiently. It also enhances their employability as employers often require valid qualifications or cards to ensure compliance with health and safety regulations. Furthermore, having a qualification or card can lead to better job prospects and higher earning potential within the construction industry. Overall, it provides credibility and improves the professional standing of a plant operator.

a) The purpose of a magnetic separator is to remove magnetic materials from a mixture or flow of materials. It is commonly used in industries like mining, recycling, and construction to separate magnetic materials, such as iron or steel, from non-magnetic materials.

b) The magnetic separator would generally be located in a position that allows it to be placed in the path of the material flow. This can vary depending on the specific application, but it is usually installed before or after a crusher or screener, where it can effectively remove magnetic materials from the feed or final product.

The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure the safety and health of employees when using plant, including crushers and screeners. Employers must provide a safe work environment, conduct risk assessments, implement control measures, and provide adequate training and supervision. They should also maintain plant in good working condition, carry out regular inspections, and keep records. It is important to adhere to relevant regulations, guidelines, and best practices, such as those provided by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or industry-specific bodies.

1. Ensuring efficient operation and maintenance of the crusher and screener to minimize downtime and maximize productivity, leading to timely completion of projects and client satisfaction.
2. Following health and safety guidelines rigorously to prevent accidents or injuries on site, demonstrating a commitment to maintaining a safe working environment, fostering trust with the client or principal contractor.
3. Communicating effectively with the client or principal contractor, promptly addressing any concerns or issues, and providing regular updates on project progress, fostering good working relationships and a reputation for reliability.

To adjust the conveyor belt tension on a crusher or screener, refer to the Operator's Manual specific to the machine being used. The manual will provide detailed instructions for this procedure, including the required tools and specific steps to follow. It is crucial to have the Operator's Manual available as a reference to ensure the correct adjustment process is carried out safely and effectively. Always refer to the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines to ensure proper belt tension adjustment.

The Work at Height Regulations 1995 may apply to crusher and screener operations when workers have to access elevated platforms or perform maintenance tasks at height. Another example is when workers need to use equipment like ladders or scaffolding to carry out inspections or repairs on the crushers or screeners.

The operator's manuals for the crusher and screener should be kept in a safe and easily accessible location, such as the equipment control room or a designated storage area. This ensures that the manuals are readily available for the operator's reference when needed. It is important to keep the manuals close to the equipment, as they provide essential information on the safe and correct operation of the crusher and screener. In an emergency or when troubleshooting, operators can quickly access the manuals for guidance, enhancing operational efficiency and promoting safety.

Crushing and screening operations should be kept clear of personnel, vehicles, and public access areas, as far as is reasonably practical. It is important to maintain a safe distance to minimize the risks of accidents, injuries, and potential damage. Additionally, it is advisable to keep operations clear of water bodies, protected areas, and environmentally sensitive locations to prevent potential harm to ecosystems. Regular risk assessments and adherence to health and safety guidelines will ensure a safe and compliant working environment.

a) THREE differences between 'cone' and 'jaw'-type crushers are:

1. Design: A cone crusher has a conical-shaped head and a gyrating spindle, whereas a jaw crusher has a fixed jaw and a moving jaw.

2. Crushing mechanism: Cone crushers primarily use compression to crush materials, while jaw crushers use a combination of compression and shear forces.

3. Feed size: Cone crushers are generally used for secondary or tertiary crushing, handling smaller feed materials, while jaw crushers are usually used for primary crushing and can handle larger feed sizes.

b) ONE suitable application for cone crushers is in the production of aggregates for construction purposes. ONE suitable application for jaw crushers is in mining operations, where they are used to crush large rocks for further processing.

A banksman/signaller must be used to assist with the movement of mobile crushers and screeners when there is a risk of a collision with pedestrians or other vehicles. The specific circumstances in which a banksman/signaller is required may vary depending on the site's risk assessment and any applicable regulations or industry guidelines. It is important to consult the relevant safety documentation and follow the specific requirements outlined to ensure safe operation of the machines.

a) The part of the crusher or screener that applies loading or pressure to the ground is the crushing or screening mechanism itself.
b) One way to reduce pressure is by using wider tracks or spreading the weight over a larger area, thus decreasing the load per unit area on the ground. This can help to minimize compaction and potential damage to the ground surface.

The three main duties employees must follow under the Health and Safety at Work Act are:
1. taking reasonable care of their own health and safety, as well as that of others who may be affected by their actions;
2. cooperating with their employer on health and safety matters; and
3. using any safety equipment or procedures provided by their employer.

The ramps for loading shovels to access the crusher must be sturdy, with adequate load-bearing capacity to support the weight of the loading shovels and the material being transported. They should be of sufficient width and have a suitable gradient to ensure safe and efficient loading operations. It is advisable to consult relevant regulations and industry standards for specific requirements related to ramp design, including dimensions, surface finishes, handrails, and any additional safety features. Engaging a qualified structural engineer or consulting a reputable construction industry resource can provide detailed guidance based on your specific situation.

At the end of the working day, checks should be made on stockpiled materials. Inspect for any signs of degradation or contamination. Check for stability and ensure that the stockpile is properly secured. Look out for any signs of unwanted materials or foreign objects. Monitor moisture levels and temperature, as excessive moisture or heat can affect the quality of the materials. Regularly assess the size and consistency of the stockpile to avoid any potential hazards or instability. Lastly, maintain proper documentation and record all findings for reference and future analysis.

a) During an unblocking activity, in addition to switching off the crusher and screener, you should also ensure that all power sources are disconnected and locked out. This prevents accidental re-energization and keeps workers safe from moving parts or unexpected start-up.

b) Disconnecting and locking out power sources is necessary to comply with health and safety regulations. It eliminates the risk of machinery being operated while being serviced, which could lead to serious injuries or fatalities. Safety should always be the priority in construction activities.

A hazard can be described as anything that has the potential to cause harm, injury, or damage. In the context of a crusher and screener, hazards may include moving machinery parts, flying debris, electrical hazards, noise, and dust. It is important to identify and assess these hazards to implement proper safety measures, such as using guards, providing personal protective equipment, ensuring safe operation and maintenance procedures, and conducting regular inspections to eliminate or minimize the risks.

Ensuring that all personnel have safely exited the area and ensuring that all appropriate safety measures, such as locking and tagging out the machines, have been implemented.

Four types of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied to operators of plant who do not comply with legislation and regulations are: written warnings, suspension, termination of employment, and legal fines. Written warnings serve as an initial reminder, suspension involves temporary removal from the job, termination of employment means ending the working relationship, and legal fines are imposed by judicial bodies as a punishment.

The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify potential hazards and evaluate the associated risks in order to prevent accidents and injuries. By assessing the risks, appropriate control measures can be implemented to reduce or eliminate the hazards. This is essential in ensuring the health and safety of workers and others who may be affected by the activities involving the crusher and screener. Risk assessments should be regularly reviewed and updated to reflect any changes in the workplace or working practices.

The purpose of sizing bars on the crusher and screener feed is to control the size of the material being processed. They serve as a grid or barrier that allows only particles of a certain size to pass through, ensuring that the output is of the desired size. This is important for various reasons, such as ensuring the product meets specifications, preventing oversized material from damaging downstream equipment, and optimizing efficiency by improving the effectiveness of the crushing and screening process. Overall, sizing bars help in achieving consistent and quality output.

1. Hard hat: Protects the head from falling objects and overhead hazards.
2. Ear defenders: Minimizes the risk of hearing damage from loud noise generated by crushers and screeners.
3. Safety glasses or goggles: Shields the eyes from flying debris, dust, and particles during operations.
4. High visibility vest: Enhances visibility to ensure the safety of workers on site.
5. Respiratory protection: Masks or respirators should be worn to protect against dust and other airborne contaminants present during crushing and screening activities.

The operator should have an understanding of the type of material being loaded for crushing because:

1. It helps to determine the appropriate settings and adjustments for the crusher and screener, optimizing performance and preventing damage. Different materials have varying characteristics such as hardness, moisture content, and particle size, which influence the crushing process.

2. It allows the operator to assess the potential hazards associated with the material, such as the presence of contaminants or combustible materials. This knowledge is crucial for maintaining safety protocols and preventing accidents during the crushing operation.

When setting up a crusher and screener near a pedestrianised area, three factors to consider are noise levels, dust control, and safety measures. Noise levels should be minimized to avoid disturbing the pedestrians, so using noise-reducing equipment or implementing noise barriers is essential. Effective dust control methods should be in place to prevent dust emissions that can impact air quality and create a nuisance for pedestrians. Safety measures like appropriate signage, barriers, and designated routes should be established to ensure pedestrians are protected from any potential hazards posed by the machinery.