1. a) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from over head electricity lines and b) explain why a distance should be kept.
a) The minimum distances that plant and machinery must keep from overhead electricity lines are governed by regulations set by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in the UK. These regulations take into account factors such as the voltage of the electricity lines and the type of plant being used.
b) A distance should be kept to ensure the safety of personnel and prevent electrical accidents. Overhead electricity lines carry high voltage electricity, which poses a significant risk of electric shock and electrocution. Keeping a distance helps to minimize the chances of accidental contact, protecting both workers and the infrastructure itself.
2. Apart from the operator, who else may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual?
Other individuals who may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual can include:
- Maintenance or service technicians who need guidance on troubleshooting issues or performing routine maintenance tasks.
- Safety inspectors or regulatory authorities who need to verify that the machine is being operated correctly and in compliance with relevant regulations.
- Potential buyers or users who want to familiarize themselves with the machine's operation and features before purchasing or operating it.
Overall, anyone involved in the operation, maintenance, or oversight of the machine may find the Operator's Manual useful.
3. If setting up to excavate a slot in a confined area, name TWO things that should be taken into account before starting.
Two important considerations before starting excavation in a confined area are ensuring adequate access and assessing the stability of the ground. Access is crucial to safely maneuver the crawler tractor/dozer into the confined space. Ground stability assessment is necessary to identify any potential risks, such as soft spots or unstable substrate, which could affect the stability of the equipment or cause collapse during excavation. It is essential to prioritize safety by addressing these factors beforehand to minimize hazards and ensure a smooth excavation process.
4. Why should different soils be segregated during excavating?
Different soils should be segregated during excavating to ensure proper engineering and construction practices. Some soils may have different properties and characteristics that can impact the stability and strength of the construction project. By segregating soils, it allows for better control and management of the excavated materials. This segregation enables engineers to assess and address potential issues, such as differential settlement or soil consolidation, which can affect the integrity and performance of the structure. Additionally, segregating soils promotes proper disposal and reuse according to environmental regulations.
5. In what situation does a hard hat NOT need to be worn when operating a crawler-tractor/dozer?
In no situation should a hard hat not be worn when operating a crawler-tractor/dozer. It is a safety requirement to wear a hard hat at all times in a construction site, especially when operating heavy machinery.
6. Name THREE ways in which an operator can minimise their impact upon the environment whilst using the machine.
The operator can minimize their impact on the environment while using a crawler tractor/dozer by adhering to these three practices:
1. Regularly maintaining and servicing the machine to ensure optimal fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
2. Following proper waste management protocols, such as properly disposing of oil, fuel, and other hazardous materials.
3. Implementing responsible land management practices, like using erosion control measures and avoiding unnecessary destruction of vegetation or wildlife habitats.
7. Many dozers have a turbo-charged engine. a) What is the normal procedure before switching off the engine after working and b) what happens if the procedure is not followed?
a) The normal procedure before switching off the engine after working is to allow it to cool down. This can be achieved by idling the engine for a few minutes, giving it time to reduce the operating temperature. It is also good practice to check the oil and coolant levels before shutting down, ensuring they are at appropriate levels.
b) If the procedure is not followed, switching off the engine immediately after working can result in a sudden drop in temperature, potentially causing damage to the engine components. It is important to allow the engine to cool down gradually to avoid issues with overheating and potential damage.
8. What problem may occur if the wearing plates on the blade are at the maximum wear limit?
If the wearing plates on the blade of a crawler tractor/dozer are at the maximum wear limit, several problems may occur. Firstly, the blade's performance will be compromised, making it less effective in pushing or leveling materials. This can impact productivity and efficiency on construction sites. Secondly, the excessive wear can cause damage to the blade itself, leading to costly repairs or replacements. Lastly, the wear can create uneven surfaces or grooves, affecting the quality and finish of the work. It is important to regularly check and replace worn wearing plates to avoid these issues.
9. Using the Operator's Manual, state the cold-starting procedure for the machine. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
Refer to the Operator's Manual for the specific cold-starting procedure of the crawler tractor/dozer. It will provide detailed instructions for starting the machine when cold. It is crucial that the candidate has access to the Operator's Manual during the test to ensure accuracy in following the correct procedure.
10. Where should the dozer's Operator's Manual be kept and why?
The dozer's Operator's Manual should be kept on the machine at all times. This ensures that the manual is readily accessible to the operator, allowing them to quickly reference important information, such as operating procedures, safety instructions, and equipment maintenance guidelines. By keeping the manual on the dozer, the operator can easily retrieve and consult it whenever needed, without the need to search for it elsewhere. Additionally, having the manual on the dozer reduces the risk of misplacing or losing the manual, ensuring that it is always available for reference when operating the machine.
11. a) What is the purpose of a Method Statement and b) what is required of the operator?
a) The purpose of a Method Statement in the construction industry is to outline how a particular task or activity will be carried out safely and efficiently. It includes step-by-step instructions, hazard identification, risk assessments, and control measures.
b) The operator of a crawler tractor/dozer needs to be competent in operating the machinery and follow the instructions laid out in the Method Statement. They should be trained on the specific equipment, familiar with its capabilities and limitations, and equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment. They must adhere to safe operating practices, maintain good visibility, and communicate effectively with others on the site.
12. What is the difference between a tilting blade and an angle blade?
A tilting blade can be adjusted to tilt horizontally to either side, allowing for more flexibility in grading and shaping operations. An angle blade, on the other hand, can only be adjusted to angle vertically, typically used for pushing materials to one side. The tilting blade provides more versatility in terms of grading options, while an angle blade mainly helps with pushing materials.
13. a) What effect on dozer operations does making too deep a cut have and b) what effect does making too shallow a cut have?
a) Making too deep a cut in dozer operations can lead to several negative effects. Firstly, it can cause instability and tipping hazards for the dozer, risking accidents. Secondly, excessive depth can put strain on the machine's engine and track systems, potentially leading to mechanical breakdowns. Lastly, deep cuts can disturb the subgrade and compromise its stability, affecting the overall integrity of the project.
b) Making too shallow a cut in dozer operations also has negative consequences. It can result in inadequate material removal, leaving behind unwanted materials that may need to be removed later. Moreover, shallow cuts may not achieve the desired grade or slope, leading to uneven surfaces. Insufficient cuts may also impact the compaction process, resulting in poor soil stability and potential long-term issues for the construction project.
14. Why do dozers have an undercarriage suspension system?
Dozers have an undercarriage suspension system to improve traction and maneuverability. It helps absorb shock, reduces vibration, and increases efficiency while operating on uneven terrain. The suspension system also enhances the machine's stability, allowing it to maintain better contact with the ground, which aids in pushing or pulling tasks. Overall, a dozer's undercarriage suspension system is crucial for ensuring optimal performance, reducing operator fatigue, and minimizing wear and tear on the machine.
15. a) What is meant by blade capacity and b) how is it determined?
a) Blade capacity refers to the maximum amount of material that a crawler tractor/dozer's blade can hold and push. It is a measure of the machine's ability to move and shape earth or other materials during construction or excavation.
b) Blade capacity is determined by the size and design of the blade itself. The dimensions, such as the width and height of the blade, along with any additional features like side wings, will affect the overall capacity. Manufacturers typically specify the blade capacity for each model, allowing operators to determine the equipment's suitability for specific tasks.
16. What particular and specific hazards can affect the stability of the machine when working on old industrial (brownfield) sites?
When working on old industrial sites, hazards that can affect the stability of a crawler tractor/dozer include:
1. Stability of the ground: The soil may be unstable or contaminated, posing a risk to the machine's stability.
2. Underground structures: The presence of buried pipes, tanks, foundations, or structures can create instability if not identified and avoided.
3. Deteriorated ground conditions: Brownfield sites often have degraded foundations, leading to uneven terrain that may cause the machine to tip or become unstable.
4. Slopes and embankments: Working on slopes or near embankments can result in instability, especially if not properly assessed and managed.
5. Site debris: Hidden debris, such as buried construction materials or waste, can affect stability if the machine encounters them unexpectedly.
To ensure stability, a thorough site assessment, including ground investigation and hazard identification, is crucial before operating on old industrial sites.
17. List FIVE checks that should be made to the tracks and running gear.
1. Check for any signs of track wear, such as worn or missing track pads.
2. Inspect the track tension regularly to ensure it is properly adjusted to prevent track slippage.
3. Look for any damages or cracks in the track frames or track rollers.
4. Examine the track links for any signs of damage, such as bent or broken links.
5. Regularly clean out any debris or mud that may have accumulated in the tracks to prevent damage and ensure smooth operation.
18. Name FOUR different types or levels of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied (by employers and judicial bodies) to operators of plant who do not comply with, or follow legislation and regulations.
Four types of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied to operators of plant who do not comply with legislation and regulations are warnings, suspensions, fines, and termination of employment.
19. The operator has been asked to drive the machine onto a transporter/trailer. a) Who is responsible for the loading operations and b) state FOUR actions to be considered by the operator before loading commences?
a) The responsibility for loading operations lies with the operator of the machine.
b) Before loading commences, the operator should consider the following actions:
1. Ensure the machine is in good working condition.
2. Confirm that the transporter/trailer is suitable to support the weight of the machine.
3. Secure any loose components or attachments on the machine.
4. Plan the loading process and ensure that there is enough space and clearance for safe loading.
20. When backfilling trenches, why should the blade be feathered before reaching the trench?
Feathering the blade before reaching the trench helps to distribute the soil evenly across the trench while backfilling. This ensures a smooth and consistent layer of soil, minimizing any potential voids or uneven settlement. It also helps to avoid excessive pressure on the side slopes of the trench, reducing the risk of collapsing or damaging the trench walls. Feathering the blade allows for better control and precision during backfilling, resulting in a more stable and reliable backfilled trench.
21. The operator is asked to cut a new trench. State FIVE different requirements that must be considered or implemented before work commences.
Before commencing work on cutting a new trench with a crawler tractor/dozer, the following five requirements should be considered:
1. Clearance from underground utilities: Ensure that the location of the new trench is clear of any underground utilities such as water pipes, gas lines, or electric cables to prevent accidents and damage.
2. Obtaining necessary permits: Check if any permits or authorizations from local authorities are required before starting excavation work, and ensure compliance with regulations.
3. Soil stability assessment: Assess the soil conditions to identify any potential issues like soft soil or groundwater that might affect the excavation process and subsequent stability of the trench.
4. Safety precautions: Implement safety measures, such as wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), establishing proper signage, and ensuring the presence of trained personnel to operate the crawler tractor/dozer safely.
5. Environmental considerations: Evaluate the environmental impact of the trenching work and implement measures to mitigate potential harm, such as erosion control methods or sediment control measures.
22. What action does 'counter-rotation' of the tracks produce?
Counter-rotation of the tracks on a crawler tractor/dozer produces a pivoting motion. It allows the machine to turn in a tight radius by rotating the tracks in opposite directions. This maneuverability is useful in confined spaces or when precise control is needed.
23. If the operator has to top-up the hydraulic oil, state TWO precautions to ensure cleanliness of the system.
Two precautions to ensure cleanliness of the hydraulic oil system when topping up:
1. Cleanliness: Ensure that the area around the hydraulic oil fill point is clean and free from dirt, dust, and debris. Use clean tools and a clean container for pouring the oil to minimize contamination.
2. Contamination prevention: Use a funnel with a built-in filter or a filter screen to prevent any particles or impurities from entering the hydraulic oil system. This will help maintain the cleanliness of the oil and prevent damage to the system components.
24. If a trench has a depth of 2 metres: a) what is the minimum distance to maintain from the edge of the trench when travelling and b) explain why?
a) The minimum distance to maintain from the edge of the trench when travelling with a crawler tractor/dozer is typically recommended to be at least 1.5 times the depth of the trench, so in this case, at least 3 metres.
b) This distance is necessary to ensure stability and avoid collapse of the trench walls. Keeping a safe distance minimizes the risk of soil destabilization caused by the weight and movement of the machinery, preventing accidents and injuries. It is crucial to adhere to excavation safety guidelines to ensure worker safety and the integrity of the trench.
25. List SIX typical subject areas that should be covered in a site induction.
1. Health and Safety: Covering emergency procedures, hazards on site, and personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements.
2. Site-specific information: Including site layout, access routes, and location of amenities.
3. Responsibilities and roles: Clarifying the chain of command, reporting lines, and key personnel on site.
4. Site rules and regulations: Discussing safety policies, working hours, and any specific site restrictions.
5. Equipment and machinery: Providing information on operating procedures, maintenance requirements, and safe usage guidelines.
6. Environmental considerations: Highlighting any environmental protection measures, waste management procedures, and conservation requirements.
26. a) What are the functions of 'grousers' or 'cleats' as found on track pads and b) what is the result if they are excessively worn?
The grousers or cleats on track pads in crawler tractors/dozers provide traction and grip on uneven surfaces. They help with the movement and stability of the machine. If they are excessively worn, the performance of the machine will be compromised. The decreased traction and grip can lead to reduced control and increased slippage, affecting its ability to navigate and operate efficiently. Prompt replacement or repair is recommended to maintain optimal performance.
27. The operator has to use a new dozer that they are unfamiliar with. What do Regulations (i.e. PUWER 98) and other guidance require the operator to have?
Regulations such as PUWER 98 require the operator to have adequate training and competence for operating the new dozer. This means they should receive specific instruction on its safe use, including understanding its controls, functions, and any potential hazards. Additionally, operators should receive information on safe systems of work, such as pre-use inspections and maintenance requirements. It is crucial to ensure that the operator is familiar with the manufacturer's instructions and any additional guidance provided by the employer.
28. Why is continual 'back-blading' (using the back of the blade to drag material) generally not considered good practice on harsh ground?
Continual back-blading on rough terrain with a crawler tractor/dozer is generally frowned upon due to several reasons. Firstly, it can cause excessive wear and tear on the equipment, particularly on the back of the blade. Secondly, it can lead to poor grading and uneven surfaces, as the back-dragging technique may not remove material consistently. Lastly, back-blading can result in reduced traction and control since the weight of the tractor/dozer is concentrated on the rear of the machine. It is more effective to use forward-blading techniques and adopt alternative methods like ripping or scarifying for challenging ground conditions.
29. Give TWO reasons why the operator should have an understanding of the type of material being dozed.
The operator needs to understand the type of material being dozed for two reasons:
1. to ensure proper equipment selection and adjustment for efficient and effective dozing, and
2. to minimize potential damage to the equipment and the site by adjusting techniques and approaches accordingly. Knowing the material's characteristics (e.g., density, moisture content) allows the operator to optimize operating parameters (e.g., blade setting, speed) and anticipate any challenges or risks associated with the material. This knowledge helps improve productivity and safety on site.
30. How does a PAT blade work?
A PAT (Power-Angle-Tilt) blade on a crawler tractor/dozer is a versatile attachment used in construction. It has three main functionalities: power, angle, and tilt. "Power" refers to the ability of the blade to raise and lower, allowing for adjusting the cutting depth. "Angle" allows the blade to be angled to either side, facilitating directional pushing or displacing of materials. "Tilt" permits the blade to tilt forwards or backwards, enabling fine leveling operations. These functions are controlled by hydraulic cylinders, providing the necessary power and control for efficient earthmoving and grading tasks. Overall, a PAT blade enhances the dozer's versatility and effectiveness on job sites.
31. a) How do low ground-pressure units differ from standard-type dozers and b) where would they be used?
a) Low ground-pressure units, also known as crawler tractors or dozers, differ from standard-type dozers by having wider tracks, which spread the weight over a larger surface area. This reduces the ground pressure exerted, minimizing soil compaction and allowing them to operate on soft or sensitive terrain that standard dozers may not be able to traverse.
b) Low ground-pressure units are used in various applications, such as forestry, wetland construction, and pipeline installation. They are particularly useful in situations where protecting the ground and minimizing environmental impact is crucial. Their ability to operate on soft or delicate terrain makes them suitable for projects that standard dozers cannot handle without causing damage.
32. If setting up to work next to a pedestrianised area, state THREE factors that need to be taken into account.
When working next to a pedestrianised area, three factors that need to be considered are noise management, dust control, and safety of pedestrians. Noise management is crucial to minimize disturbance and comply with local regulations. Dust control is important to prevent the spread of dust particles that could impact the nearby area. The safety of pedestrians is paramount, so appropriate barriers and warning signs should be set up to keep them protected from any potential hazards.
33. Give TWO reasons why, wherever possible, operators should excavate the ground in layers.
Operators should excavate the ground in layers whenever possible for two reasons. Firstly, it allows for better control and stability during excavation. By gradually removing layers, operators can assess the ground conditions, identify potential hazards, and adjust their approach accordingly. This helps prevent accidents and maintain safety. Secondly, excavating in layers allows for easier maintenance and repair work. If any issues or damage are found in a layer, it can be addressed without disturbing the entire excavation, saving time and resources. Overall, excavating in layers offers better control, safety, and efficiency in the excavation process.
34. When parking the machine at the end of the shift, name THREE places where the machine should NOT be parked.
The machine should not be parked in areas with high pedestrian traffic, obstructing emergency exits or blocking access to essential equipment/materials. These locations can pose safety hazards and hinder operations. It is important to park the machine in designated parking areas or as directed by site management.
35. What is a possible effect on the undercarriage when reversing the dozer continually at high speed?
Continual reversing at high speed can cause excessive wear and strain on the undercarriage components of a crawler tractor/dozer. This can lead to increased track chain tension, accelerated wear of track pins and bushings, and potential damage to track shoes. It's important to avoid excessive reversing at high speeds to prolong the lifespan of the undercarriage and ensure optimal performance of the equipment. Regular maintenance and inspections are also necessary to identify and address any wear or damage promptly.
36. Wherever possible, why should the dozer be aligned before making the next pass or cut?
Aligning the dozer before making the next pass or cut helps ensure accurate and efficient operations. By being properly aligned, the dozer can maintain straight and consistent cuts, preventing the need for rework. Additionally, it helps in achieving the desired slope or grade, promoting better drainage and preventing water accumulation. Proper alignment also minimizes the risk of damaging existing structures or utilities by avoiding accidental collisions. Moreover, it helps maintain the stability of the equipment, reducing the likelihood of accidents or tip-overs. Overall, aligning the dozer before each pass or cut is crucial for achieving quality, productivity, and safety in construction operations.
37. Name TWO types of equipment used to ensure that excavation levels, measurements and positions are to the required specification.
Two types of equipment commonly used to ensure excavation levels, measurements, and positions meet required specifications are laser levels and total stations. Laser levels use lasers to provide a level reference line or point, helping to ensure accuracy. Total stations combine electronic theodolites and distance meters to measure angles and distances, enabling precise positioning and measurements. Both laser levels and total stations are essential tools in the construction industry for achieving accurate excavation levels, measurements, and positions according to specifications.
38. If a yellow-coloured marker tape is unearthed during excavating, which TWO types of services could this indicate?
If a yellow-coloured marker tape is found while excavating, it is likely indicating the presence of buried utility services. The specific types of services can vary, but commonly this tape is used to indicate the presence of underground cables, such as electric or telecommunications lines, and gas or water pipes. However, it is essential to consult the relevant utility providers and follow standard procedures to ensure accurate identification of the services indicated by the marker tape.
39. Before removing a blade: a) how should the blade be positioned (in relation to the ground) before removing the final pin and b) why?
a) The blade should be positioned on the ground before removing the final pin.
b) This is done to ensure stability and prevent accidents.
40. Why are plant operators generally regarded as 'safety-critical' workers?
Plant operators, such as crawler tractor/dozer operators, are considered "safety-critical" workers because their actions directly impact the safety of themselves, their colleagues, and the public. Operating heavy machinery like crawlers requires specialized training and competency. Any mistakes or negligence can lead to accidents, injuries, or even fatalities. These operators must follow established safety protocols, maintain situational awareness, and make informed decisions while dealing with potential hazards on construction sites. Their ability to operate plant machinery safely is crucial in preventing accidents and ensuring the overall safety of construction operations.
41. What THREE main duties of the Health and Safety at Work Act must employees follow?
Employees must follow three main duties of the Health and Safety at Work Act:
1. Take reasonable care of their own health and safety, as well as others who may be affected by their actions.
2. Cooperate with their employer or anyone responsible for health and safety, ensuring that they use any provided safety equipment and follow established safety procedures.
3. Inform their employer or supervisor about any work-related risks or hazards they notice, and report any accidents or incidents that occur in the workplace.
42. What THREE things should be checked out before carrying out embankment work?
Before carrying out embankment work with a crawler tractor/dozer, there are three key things to check:
1. Soil Stability: Assess the soil's condition to ensure it is stable enough to support the embankment. Check for any signs of weak or loose soil that may compromise the stability of the embankment.
2. Slope Angles: Confirm that the desired slope angles for the embankment are feasible with the crawler tractor/dozer. Steeper slopes may require additional stability measures or changes to construction techniques.
3. Equipment Safety: Inspect the crawler tractor/dozer for any mechanical issues or safety concerns before beginning work. Ensure all safety features, such as rollover protection and seat belts, are in proper working condition.
Always prioritize safety and conduct thorough checks to minimize risks during embankment work.
43. Cable avoidance tools (CATs) can detect a variety of buried services. What type of material do they have limitations in locating?
Crawler - Tractor/Dozer Cable Avoidance Tools (CATs) have limitations in locating non-metallic materials, such as plastic pipes or fiber optic cables. These tools rely on detecting electromagnetic fields generated by metallic services. Non-metallic materials do not generate such fields, making them difficult to locate with CATs. It is important to use other specialized equipment, like ground penetrating radar (GPR), for accurate detection of non-metallic utilities.
44. What hazards might arise whilst filling in an excavation with soil?
There are several hazards that could arise while filling in an excavation with soil. Some potential hazards include:
1. Cave-ins: The walls of the excavation may collapse while filling it in, posing a risk to workers nearby.
2. Equipment accidents: Machinery used to fill in the excavation, such as a crawler tractor or dozer, could malfunction or tip over, leading to injuries.
3. Falling objects: Loose soil or debris could fall into the excavation, causing injuries to workers below.
4. Poor visibility: Dust or poor lighting conditions may reduce visibility, increasing the risk of accidents or collisions.
It is essential to follow proper safety protocols, such as shoring the walls of the excavation and implementing appropriate safety measures, to mitigate these hazards.
45. During work, the engine starts to overheat. Explain the danger if someone tries to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap.
Removing the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is overheating can be dangerous. It can cause a sudden release of hot steam or coolant, leading to severe burns. The high pressure in the cooling system could also cause the cap to pop off forcefully, resulting in injury to anyone nearby. It is important to let the engine cool down before attempting any maintenance on the cooling system. Seek professional assistance if you are unsure how to properly address the overheating issue.
46. How can a qualification or card benefit a plant operator?
A qualification or card can benefit a plant operator by providing formal recognition and proof of their competence and skills. It can enhance their employability, as many employers require operators to hold specific qualifications or cards to operate certain types of machinery. Having a qualification or card also demonstrates a commitment to safety and adherence to industry standards, which can boost the operator's reputation and increase their chances of securing work. Furthermore, some qualifications or cards may offer additional benefits such as access to jobs boards or networking opportunities within the industry. Overall, a qualification or card can open doors for a plant operator and enhance their career prospects.
47. If fitted, what function can the float on the blade allow?
The float function on the blade of a crawler tractor/dozer allows the blade to move freely along the ground without adjusting the blade height. It enables smoother leveling and finishing of surfaces, as the blade follows the contour of the terrain more naturally.
48. What is the purpose of a roll or ROPS frame?
The purpose of a ROPS frame, short for Roll Over Protection Structure, is to protect the operator in the event of a vehicle rollover. It is a reinforced frame structure that helps prevent the roof from collapsing during rollovers and provides a protective zone for the operator. This helps reduce the risk of injuries and fatalities.
49. What are the possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations?
Possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations in the UK construction industry include fines, imprisonment, or both. The severity of the punishment depends on the nature and gravity of the non-compliance. Additionally, there may be reputational damage, loss of contracts, and increased scrutiny by regulatory authorities. It is crucial to prioritize compliance with legislation and regulations to avoid these consequences and demonstrate a commitment to safe and ethical practices within the industry. Consulting with legal advisors and implementing effective compliance measures can help mitigate the risk of prosecution.
50. Name THREE ways that a plant operator can contribute in ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor.
1. Delivering high quality work on time and within budget: By consistently meeting project deadlines and delivering work to a high standard, the plant operator can help build trust with the client or principal contractor, increasing the likelihood of repeat business.
2. Communication and collaboration: Maintaining open lines of communication with the client and principal contractor, and actively collaborating with other project stakeholders, can foster positive working relationships. This can contribute to customer satisfaction and increase the chances of future collaboration.
3. Adhering to health and safety regulations: Prioritizing health and safety on site not only protects workers and minimizes the risk of accidents, but also demonstrates professionalism and a commitment to delivering work to a high standard. This can help build the client's confidence in the plant operator and may lead to repeat business.
51. If the operator has loaded the machine onto a transporter/trailer on behalf of a driver, what checks must be carried out before they leave the cab?
Before leaving the cab, the operator of the crawler-tractor/dozer should perform a series of checks. Firstly, they should ensure that the machine is securely loaded onto the transporter/trailer. This can be done by inspecting the straps or chains used for securing. Secondly, the operator should ensure that all controls are in a neutral position, activating the parking brake and turning off the engine. Additionally, they should check that all doors, hatches, and windows are closed and secured. Finally, they should inspect the transporter/trailer to ensure it is roadworthy, including checking the lights and tires.
52. Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the machine, what final action must be carried out?
Before leaving the cab for a rest break, it is essential to engage the parking brake and remove the key from the ignition. This ensures that the crawler tractor/dozer is safely secured and cannot be accidentally started or move while unattended.
53. Using the Operator's Manual, state the figure for setting track tension. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
Please refer to the Operator's Manual for the specific figure for setting track tension. The manual provides the appropriate instructions and guidelines for this setting. It is important to have the Operator's Manual at hand for reference during the test to ensure accurate information is provided.
54. Why should a dozer be re-fuelled at the end of the day?
A dozer should be refuelled at the end of the day to ensure it has enough fuel to operate efficiently and effectively the next day. Running out of fuel during a job can cause delays and disrupt work schedules. Additionally, leaving the dozer with a full fuel tank helps to prevent condensation and moisture build-up inside the fuel system, which can lead to corrosion and other damage. Regular refuelling also allows for routine maintenance and inspections to be carried out, ensuring the machine is in good working condition. Ultimately, refuelling at the end of the day promotes productivity and helps to prolong the lifespan of the dozer.
55. How can tracks be prevented from becoming frozen to the ground during cold weather?
To prevent tracks from freezing to the ground in cold weather, there are a few measures you can consider:
1. Warm storage: Store the crawler in a heated facility during extreme cold periods.
2. Insulation: Insulate the undercarriage or track components to retain heat.
3. Preheating: Use engine block heaters or circulating warm fluids to warm up the machine before operation.
4. Track heaters: Install track heaters that generate heat and prevent freezing.
5. Anti-freeze agents: Apply a suitable anti-freeze agent to the track surface. Remember to consult the manufacturer's guidelines before implementing any measures.
56. If checking the oil level using a dipstick, why must gloves be worn?
Gloves should be worn when checking the oil level with a dipstick to protect your hands from potential contact with hot surfaces or sharp edges. This precaution ensures safety and reduces the risk of injuries.
57. Why must the seat belt be worn, even with the cab door closed?
The seat belt must be worn in a crawler tractor/dozer even with the cab door closed for safety reasons. It helps protect the operator in case of sudden stops, vehicle tipping, or accidents. Wearing the seat belt ensures better control and positioning, minimizing the risk of injury or ejection from the vehicle. Furthermore, it is a legal requirement in many jurisdictions to wear a seat belt while operating machinery.
58. What is the purpose of a risk assessment?
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify and evaluate potential hazards in order to minimize the risk of harm, injury, or damage. It helps to identify what could go wrong, who could be affected, and what measures can be taken to prevent accidents. A risk assessment is a legal requirement in the UK and is essential for creating a safe working environment. It also helps to improve awareness and understanding of risks, while ensuring appropriate control measures are in place. Ultimately, the aim is to protect people and property from harm and maintain a safe construction site.
59. a) What is the purpose of the track guard or guards and b) where would they be located?
a) The purpose of track guards is to protect the undercarriage components of a crawler tractor/dozer from debris, rocks, and other objects that could cause damage during operation.
b) Track guards are typically located on both sides of the crawler tractor/dozer, running along the length of the undercarriage. They are designed to cover and shield the tracks, sprockets, idlers, and rollers to prevent them from being affected by external objects.
60. What does the Health and Safety at Work Act require employers to do with regards specifically to plant?
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure that the use of plant, including crawler tractors or dozers, does not pose risks to the health and safety of employees and others. This includes providing adequate training and instruction to operators, maintaining plant in safe working order, and regularly inspecting and servicing plant to prevent faults or defects. Employers must also assess and control the risks associated with plant use, such as providing protective equipment, implementing safe systems of work, and ensuring suitable supervision. Compliance with relevant industry codes of practice and manufacturer guidelines is also necessary.
61. When working on a diagonal side hill cut, how should the blade be set?
When working on a diagonal side hill cut, the blade of the crawler (tractor/dozer) should be set perpendicular to the diagonal slope. This will help in achieving optimal cutting and pushing of the materials on the slope.
62. What is the definition of, or how can a hazard be described?
A hazard can be defined as a source or situation with the potential to cause harm or damage. It is something that poses a risk to individuals, property, or the environment. In the context of a crawler tractor/dozer, hazards may include: moving parts that could crush or entangle, sharp edges or projections that may cause cuts or lacerations, noise or vibration that could cause harm to hearing or health, and the risk of overturning or collisions. Ensuring proper safety measures, training, and equipment maintenance can help mitigate these hazards.
63. What is the nearest distance allowed to gas pipes when excavating with the machine?
The nearest distance allowed to gas pipes when excavating with a machine depends on local regulations and safety guidelines. It is important to consult with the relevant authorities and gas utility company for specific requirements in your area. They will provide information on minimum distances that need to be maintained to ensure the safety of the gas pipes during excavation.
Please consult local regulations and safety guidelines for the specific distance requirements in your area.
64. Describe TWO actions to be taken for an open trench at the end of a working day.
At the end of the working day, for an open trench, take these two actions:
1. Secure the trench by installing temporary barricades or fencing around the perimeter to prevent unauthorized access or accidental falls, ensuring safety.
2. Cover the trench with suitable materials like steel plates or plywood, to protect against potential hazards such as debris, animals, or inclement weather. This also helps to minimize soil erosion and maintain the integrity of the trench until work resumes.
Remember to prioritize safety measures and comply with relevant regulations.