1. If travelling with a load, name FIVE factors that must be taken into account by the operator before moving.
Weight of the load being lifted, ensure it is within the plant's lifting capacity. Stability of the load, ensure it is securely attached and balanced. Overhead obstacles, check for clearance height and avoid hitting structures. Ground conditions, ensure it is suitable to support the plant's weight. Obstructions and obstacles in the path of travel, clear the route to prevent accidents.
2. Using the lifting capacity diagram for category A59: a) if the machine is equipped with a 2.5 m long dipper, what is the maximum lifting capacity in tonnes at a 6 m radius/reach over the sides of the track with the load at 3 m height b) in principle, if a longer dipper is fitted, what effect does that have on the lifting capacity (assuming same size attachment and machine configuration)?
3. What is regarded as the danger or hazard zone during a lifting operation?
The danger zone during a lifting operation is the area where personnel or other objects could be at risk of getting struck by the moving load or equipment. It is important to establish and clearly mark this zone to ensure the safety of all individuals in the vicinity. A comprehensive risk assessment should be conducted to identify potential hazards and appropriate control measures implemented to mitigate those risks. Adequate training and supervision are essential to minimize the likelihood of accidents and maintain a safe working environment.
4. On tracked machines: a) What differs between lifting over the side compared to over the front or the rear of the machine? b) Explain why.
a) When lifting over the side of a tracked machine in a demolition plant, the load is lifted horizontally and away from the machine. When lifting over the front or rear of the machine, the load is lifted vertically and above the machine.
b) This difference is because lifting over the side of the machine allows for more stability and control during lifting operations. Lifting over the front or rear of the machine can compromise stability and increase the risk of tipping or imbalance. By lifting over the side, the load can be properly distributed and positioned, minimizing the risk of accidents.
5. If a hook is fitted to the machine for lifting purposes, what must be checked before use?
Before using the hook fitted to the machine for lifting purposes, you should check several things. Firstly, ensure that the hook is securely attached and in good working condition. Verify that the load capacity of the hook is suitable for the intended lifting operation. Inspect the lifting accessories, such as chains or slings, to ensure they are in good condition and properly attached to the hook. Lastly, make sure that the lifting operation is planned and carried out in accordance with the relevant health and safety regulations and guidelines.
6. If the load inadvertently or accidentally lands, what course of action should be taken?
If the load accidentally lands during lifting operations, immediate action should be taken to ensure everyone's safety. The area should be cleared, and any injured personnel should receive medical attention. The cause of the incident should be investigated to prevent future occurrences. The lifting equipment should be carefully examined for any damage and repaired or replaced as necessary. It is important to review and improve the lifting plan and procedures to prevent similar incidents in the future.
7. According to legislation, when are check valves and a rated capacity or load moment indicator required?
Check valves and a rated capacity/load moment indicator are required for lifting operations in demolition plants when there is a risk of the load dropping or the crane tipping over. The specific legislation governing this is the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER). These safety measures help ensure the stability and control of the lifting operation, reducing the risk of accidents and injuries. Compliance with LOLER is essential for maintaining a safe working environment in demolition plants where lifting operations are conducted.
8. If the machine's rated capacity/object handling capacity chart is not available for reference, what other method can be used to determine the machine's lifting capacity?
In the absence of a rated capacity chart, alternative options to determine a machine's lifting capacity include consulting the manufacturer's specifications, referring to industry standards, contacting technical support, or employing a competent person to assess and calculate the lifting capacity based on factors such as the machine's design, load distribution, and physical condition.
9. Which parts of the machine is the radius (for lifting) measured from?
In terms of lifting operations, the radius is typically measured from the center point or pivot of the machine to the outermost point of the lifting attachment or load. This measurement determines the reach or working area of the machine and helps to ensure that the load can be safely lifted and moved within its range. It is important to follow the manufacturer's guidelines and safety instructions for specific equipment, as the way the radius is determined may vary depending on the design and configuration of the machine.
10. Manufacturers' lifting or object handling capacity charts apply (in all known cases) when the machine is level. What is the effect if a load is lifted or travelled facing downhill on a downhill slope?
When lifting or travelling facing downhill on a downhill slope, the load's weight distribution will change due to gravity. This change in weight distribution can affect the stability and balance of the machine and load. The machine may be subject to increased forces and a higher risk of tipping over. It is important to consult the manufacturer's guidance regarding lifting operations on slopes to ensure safe and efficient operations. Following the manufacturer's guidance will help mitigate any risks and maintain the stability of the machine.
11. When an object needs to be lifted on a site, what should be the first consideration of planning?
The first consideration in planning lifting operations on a demolition site should be ensuring the object being lifted can be safely lifted and handled. This includes assessing the weight, dimensions, and stability of the object, as well as identifying the appropriate lifting equipment and attachments needed. Additionally, a thorough risk assessment should be conducted, considering factors such as the surrounding environment, potential hazards, and the competency of personnel involved in the lifting operation. Proper communication, supervision, and adherence to safe working practices are essential throughout the planning process.
12. If the accessory attachment point is not part of the attachment, give TWO reasons why it should be removed.
The accessory attachment point should be removed if it is not part of the attachment for two reasons:
1. Avoids confusion for future operators who might mistakenly use it as intended, which could compromise safety.
2. Prevents potential damage or interference with the attachment, ensuring proper functioning and longevity.
13. If attaching accessories to a quick-hitch coupler, give TWO reasons why the coupler should be tilted in the downwards position (ram extended)?
Tilting the coupler downwards with the ram extended provides better visibility for attaching accessories, reduces the risk of accidental detachment during the process, and ensures that the attachments are securely fastened. Additionally, it helps prevent damage to the coupler and accessories.
14. What makes up the total (or gross) weight of a load that is to be lifted?
The total weight of a load to be lifted includes the weight of the load itself, along with any attachments, fixtures, or accessories connected to it. This total weight is also known as the gross weight. It is important to consider all components when calculating the weight to ensure that the lifting equipment used is appropriate and can safely handle the load.
15. Who determines the lifting/object handling capacity of the machine?
The lifting/object handling capacity of a demolition plant is determined by the equipment manufacturer. They provide the specifications and guidelines for how much weight the machine can safely lift and handle. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure safe and efficient operation.
16. What is the main purpose of the Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI) or Load Moment Indicator (LMI)?
The main purpose of the Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI) or Load Moment Indicator (LMI) is to monitor and display the load being lifted by a crane or other lifting equipment. It helps ensure that the load remains within the safe working limits of the equipment. The RCI/LMI provides operators with real-time information on the load's weight, boom angle, and reach, alerting them if they exceed the equipment's capacity. This helps prevent accidents, equipment damage, and potential injuries by promoting safe lifting operations.
17. The safe working load (SWL) or working load limit (WLL) of a multi-leg chain sling only applies in what TWO conditions or configuration?
The SWL or WLL of a multi-leg chain sling only applies in two conditions: when all legs are of equal length and when the angle between each leg is 90 degrees.
18. The machine is to lift a steel beam, that has just been cut, from height using chain slings. What TWO factors need to be taken in to account during the planning stage?
When planning the lifting operation for the steel beam, two important factors to consider are the weight of the beam and the strength of the chain slings. The weight of the beam affects the choice of lifting equipment, ensuring it has the capacity to safely lift the load. The strength of the chain slings determines their suitability for the task and prevents any potential failure or accidents during the lifting process. By considering these factors during the planning stage, you can ensure a safe and successful lifting operation.
19. Why should long loads be lifted using a swivelling type lifting accessory?
Long loads should be lifted using a swivelling type lifting accessory because it allows for better stability and control during the lifting operation. The swivelling feature enables the load to rotate and adjust its position, reducing the risk of it becoming unbalanced or causing damage to surrounding structures. This type of accessory also facilitates easier maneuverability and positioning of the load, ensuring safe and efficient lifting.
20. With regards to lifting accessories, irrespective of who supplied the accessories, what THREE factors should be ensured before the accessories are used?
Before using lifting accessories in a demolition plant, three factors that should be ensured are:
1. Compliance with applicable regulations and standards to ensure safety and performance.
2. Adequate inspection and maintenance of the accessories to ensure they are in good working condition.
3. Proper training and competency of the personnel involved in using the accessories safely.
21. What effect can a swinging load have on the machine?
A swinging load can potentially destabilize the machine and lead to an increased risk of accidents. The swinging motion can cause the load to strike objects or people nearby, causing damage or injury. Moreover, a swinging load can put excessive stress on the machine's structure and components, potentially leading to equipment failure or structural damage. It is crucial to ensure that loads are properly secured and lifted in a controlled manner to minimize the risk of accidents and damage to the machine. Regular training and adherence to safe lifting practices are essential for maintaining a safe working environment.
22. When slewing with a load, where should the operator be looking?
When slewing with a load, the operator should primarily be focused on the load and its movement. They should regularly observe the load's position and any potential obstructions or hazards around it. Additionally, the operator should be aware of their surroundings, including other personnel and equipment, in order to maintain a safe working environment.
23. Accessories must only be attached to manufacturers' approved lifting points. Explain THREE possible consequences if the recommendations are not followed.
If recommendations regarding the attachment of lifting accessories to manufacturers' approved lifting points are not followed, three possible consequences could be:
1. Risk of equipment damage: Attaching lifting accessories to non-approved points may lead to damage or failure of the equipment. This could result in increased maintenance costs or the need for replacement.
2. Safety hazards: Lifting loads from non-approved points can cause instability or imbalances, posing a risk of accidents or injuries to workers nearby. This could result in legal liabilities, compensation claims, or damage to a company's reputation.
3. Violation of regulations: Failure to comply with regulations and industry standards may lead to penalties, fines, or legal consequences. It is important to adhere to lifting operation guidelines for the overall safety and compliance of the demolition plant.
24. Explain the purpose of a lift plan.
A lift plan outlines the process of safely lifting and moving heavy objects using machinery, such as cranes or forklifts. It ensures that the lift is carried out in a controlled manner, minimizing the risk of accidents or damage. The plan includes details such as loading and unloading procedures, lifting equipment specifications, and weight limits. By providing clear instructions and guidelines, a lift plan helps to prevent workplace incidents and ensures compliance with health and safety regulations. Ultimately, its purpose is to safeguard workers and property during lifting operations.
25. What needs to be inspected on a quick-hitch coupler if attaching lifting accessories for the lifting of suspended loads?
When attaching lifting accessories to a quick-hitch coupler for lifting suspended loads, you should inspect the following: (1. Ensure the coupler is compatible with the lifting accessories and has the appropriate markings and capacities. (2. Check for any damage, cracks, or wear on the coupler and ensure it is in good working condition. (3. Verify that the locking mechanism is functioning correctly and securely engaged. (4. Confirm that the coupler is correctly fitted to the excavator or other machinery. (5. Regularly inspect and maintain the coupler as per the manufacturer's instructions. Remember to consult relevant regulations and industry guidance for more detailed requirements.
26. Why must the controls be isolated before each load is attached or detached by the slinger?
The controls must be isolated before each load is attached or detached by the slinger to ensure safety. This helps prevent accidental activation of the controls, which could lead to unintended movement of the equipment and pose a risk to personnel. Isolating the controls also helps maintain control over lifting operations and reduces the likelihood of equipment damage and accidents. It is an important precautionary measure that should be followed to ensure the safe execution of lifting operations in a demolition plant.