1. When are the auger gates allowed to be opened in the middle of a CFA operation?
The auger gates of a piling rig used for bored piling above 20 tonnes are allowed to be opened in the middle of a Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) operation under specific circumstances. This is typically done when encountering obstructions such as hard rock or large boulders that cannot be effectively drilled through with the auger. Opening the gates allows for removal of these obstructions before continuing with the CFA operation. It is important to follow manufacturer guidelines and ensure the safety of the rig and personnel during this process.
2. On CFA rigs, if the auger cleaner is failing to clean off the spoil during extraction, what action should be taken?
Check the auger cleaner for any blockages or damage that may be causing it to fail. Clean or repair as necessary. Also, check the performance of the auger cleaner and consider adjusting the speed or other settings to improve cleaning. If the issue persists, consult the manufacturer's instructions or contact them for further guidance. It may be necessary to replace the auger cleaner or seek professional assistance to resolve the problem.
3. If the operator has loaded the machine onto a transporter/trailer on behalf of a driver, what checks must be carried out before they leave the cab?
Before leaving the cab, the operator must conduct general vehicle checks. These include verifying the security of the machine to ensure it is correctly loaded onto the transporter/trailer. They should also inspect the securing devices and confirm that they are appropriately fitted and functional. Any hazards or defects found should be reported to the driver before departure. It is essential to ensure that the machine is safely secured for transportation to prevent accidents or damage during transit.
4. Using the Operator's Manual, state the cold-starting procedure for the machine. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
Refer to the Operator's Manual for the specific piling rig being used for the cold-starting procedure. It will provide detailed instructions on how to cold start the machine. Make sure the Operator's Manual is accessible for reference during the test.
5. The operator has been asked to drive the machine onto a transporter/trailer. a) Who is responsible for the loading operations and b) state FOUR actions to be considered by the operator before loading commences?
a) The responsibility for loading operations typically lies with the operator of the piling rig.
b) Before loading commences, the operator should consider the following actions:
1. Ensure that the transporter/trailer is suitable for carrying the piling rig and that it has the appropriate capacity.
2. Check that the loading area is clear and safe from any obstructions or hazards.
3. Securely fasten any loose or removable parts of the piling rig to prevent damage during transport.
4. Follow proper loading procedures, such as positioning the rig evenly on the transporter and ensuring that it is properly balanced and secured.
6. When using a CFA rig, how does the operator ensure that the auger is vertical?
To ensure vertical alignment when using a CFA (Continuous Flight Auger) rig for bored piles above 20 tonnes, the operator typically relies on a combination of techniques. These include using a spirit level or digital inclinometer to monitor the verticality of the auger. Some CFA rigs also incorporate automated systems that provide real-time feedback on the auger's alignment. Additionally, experienced operators develop a feel for the rig's behavior and adjust their technique accordingly to maintain verticality. It's important to note that operator skill and experience play a crucial role in achieving and maintaining vertical alignment during the piling process.
7. List SIX typical subject areas that should be covered in a site induction.
1. Health and safety procedures: Covers emergency procedures, safe use of equipment, and site-specific hazards.
2. Site layout and access: Explains site boundary, entrance/exit points, and any restricted areas.
3. Site rules and regulations: Outlines guidelines for behavior, dress code, smoking policy, and any specific site regulations.
4. Environmental considerations: Highlights waste management, noise control, and any sensitive areas nearby.
5. Project plan and timelines: Provides information on project scope, key milestones, and duration.
6. Communication and reporting: Describes reporting lines, site contact details, and procedures for reporting incidents or near misses.
8. Give TWO examples of where The Work at Height Regulations may apply to piling rig operations.
Two examples of where the Work at Height Regulations may apply to piling rig operations are when workers have to access and work at height on the piling rig itself, such as when carrying out maintenance or inspections, and when workers have to work at height on any structures being built, such as foundations or piers, in conjunction with the piling rig operations. The regulations require employers to assess the work at height risks, provide appropriate equipment, and ensure that workers are trained and competent.
9. What THREE main duties of The Health and Safety at Work Act must employees follow?
The three main duties that employees must follow under the Health and Safety at Work Act are:
1. Take reasonable care of their own health and safety, as well as the health and safety of others who may be affected by their actions.
2. Co-operate with their employer to ensure safe working practices and follow any instructions and procedures provided.
3. Not interfere with or misuse any equipment or safety measures provided by their employer.
These duties are essential for maintaining a safe working environment and preventing accidents and injuries.
10. If the words STOP NOW are given to the rig operator by radio during the lift, what action must the operator take?
If the words "STOP NOW" are given to the piling rig operator by radio during the lift, the operator must immediately halt the lifting operation and secure the piling rig. This is to ensure the safety of the personnel and to prevent any potential damage to the rig or surrounding structures. Promptly following instructions during lifting operations is crucial for maintaining a safe working environment in the construction industry.
11. During the piling operation, part of the task cannot be carried out as detailed in the method statement: a) What initially must happen to the piling operation and b) who authorises any changes?
a) If part of the piling operation cannot be carried out as specified in the method statement, it should be stopped immediately to ensure safety and prevent further issues.
b) Any changes to the piling operation must be authorized by a competent person responsible for overseeing the project. This person can be someone like the project manager or site supervisor who has the authority to make such decisions. Their approval is important to maintain adherence to safety protocols and ensure that all changes align with the project requirements.
12. What is the definition of, or how can a hazard be described?
A hazard can be defined as a potential source of harm or danger that could cause injuries, damage to property, or adverse effects on health and well-being. In the context of a piling rig bored above 20 tonnes, hazards may include but are not limited to:
- Collapse of the bored hole or unstable ground, leading to structural instability or injury to personnel.
- Falling objects or materials from height, posing a risk of injury.
- Contact with moving parts or equipment entailing the danger of crushing or entanglement.
- Noise and vibration exposure that may harm the operator or nearby workers.
- Risk of electrical hazards or exposure to hazardous substances.
13. A piling rig has been delivered to site, assembled and configured for work. What must be carried out before piling starts and by whom?
Before piling starts, it is important to carry out certain tasks. These typically include conducting a pre-start inspection of the piling rig to ensure it is in good working condition and that all safety features are functional. This should be done by a competent person, such as the site supervisor or a qualified piling rig operator. Additionally, the ground conditions should be examined and any necessary preparations, such as excavation or soil testing, should be completed. This is usually the responsibility of a geotechnical engineer or a specialist contractor.
14. What is the function of the shoe/bung/end-cap/flap as used in CFA piling?
The shoe/bung/end-cap/flap in CFA piling is used to control the flow of concrete during the piling process. It is placed at the bottom of the pile casing and prevents the concrete from flowing out while the casing is being withdrawn. This ensures that the concrete remains within the pile, creating a continuous column of reinforced concrete. The shoe/bung/end-cap/flap also helps in maintaining the integrity of the pile by preventing any soil or water ingress. Its function is vital in achieving a strong and stable foundation.
15. Why should a rig be re-fuelled at the end of the day?
A piling rig bored above 20 tonnes should be refuelled at the end of the day to ensure it has sufficient fuel for the next day's operations. Refuelling at the end of the day eliminates any potential delays caused by starting the day with low fuel levels. It allows the rig to be ready for immediate use, optimizing productivity and minimizing downtime. Additionally, refuelling at the end of the day helps in maintaining the rig's performance and prevents any issues that may arise from operating on low fuel levels.
16. The operator has to use a new model of rig that they are unfamiliar with. What do Regulations (i.e. PUWER 98) and other guidance require the operator to have?
Under PUWER 98 regulations and other relevant guidance, an operator using a new model of piling rig above 20 tonnes and for bored piling must have the following:
1. Adequate training and competence to operate the new rig safely.
2. Familiarity with the manufacturer's instructions and safety guidelines.
3. Awareness of any specific risks associated with the new rig.
4. Access to the relevant information and documentation for the new rig.
5. Knowledge of the emergency procedures and how to respond in case of any incidents or accidents.
It is essential for the operator to ensure compliance with these requirements to maintain a safe working environment.
17. When MUST a banksman or signaller be used before moving a rig?
A banksman or signaller must be used before moving a piling rig when it exceeds 20 tonnes. This is a legal requirement under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015. The banksman or signaller is responsible for directing and guiding the movement of the rig to ensure the safety of workers and others in the vicinity. They communicate with the operator of the rig using recognized hand signals or other forms of communication to control its movement. Their presence helps prevent accidents and ensures that the rig is moved safely.
18. a) What is the minimum distance allowed near an open excavation when travelling the rig and b) explain why?
a) The minimum distance allowed near an open excavation when travelling the piling rig is typically specified by industry regulations. In the UK, the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 state that a minimum distance of 3 meters should be maintained.
b) The purpose of maintaining a minimum distance is to ensure the safety of workers and the public. Excavations can pose significant risks, including collapse or falling debris. By keeping a safe distance, the chance of accidents or injuries is reduced, providing a safer working environment.
19. If both travel levers are pushed forwards when the track motors are in front of the cab, in which direction would the machine move?
If both travel levers are pushed forwards when the track motors are in front of the cab, the machine would move in the forward direction.
20. What is the purpose of a risk assessment?
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify and mitigate potential hazards and risks associated with a specific activity or process, such as using a piling rig for bored piles above 20 tonnes. It helps ensure the safety of individuals involved and minimizes the likelihood of accidents or injuries. By systematically assessing the risks, appropriate control measures can be implemented to reduce or eliminate potential harm. It is an important tool in the construction industry to ensure legal compliance and promote a safe working environment.
21. Give FOUR reasons that may cause the rig to overturn.
Four possible reasons that may cause a piling rig to overturn are: unstable ground conditions, improper setup and leveling of the rig, exceeding the safe working load capacity, and operator error or negligence.
22. Explain the purpose of the casings when piling or drilling.
Casings are used in piling or drilling to provide support and stability to the borehole. They prevent the sides of the hole from collapsing and maintain its integrity. Additionally, casings help prevent the entry of water or foreign materials into the borehole during construction. Casings are typically made of steel or concrete and are inserted into the ground as the borehole is advanced. The size and strength of the casings depend on the specific requirements of the project. Overall, casings play a vital role in ensuring a safe and effective piling or drilling operation.
23. When working in a confined area or space: a) what danger can be present with regards to the counterweight of the machine, b) what is the recommended minimum distance and c) what measures must be implemented if the gap is less?
a) The danger with the counterweight of the piling rig in a confined area is that it may hit or crush nearby structures or people if not properly controlled.
b) The recommended minimum distance between the piling rig and nearby structures or people is typically specified by regulations or guidelines. Please consult the appropriate authority in your area for specific requirements.
c) If the gap between the piling rig and nearby structures or people is less than the recommended minimum distance, additional measures must be implemented to ensure their safety. This may include using physical barriers, implementing stricter control measures, or implementing alternative piling methods.
24. a) What is the purpose of a Method Statement and b) what is required of the operator?
a) The purpose of a Method Statement is to outline the sequence of activities and necessary precautions for a specific task, such as bored piling above 20 tonnes. It ensures that the work is carried out safely, efficiently, and in accordance with industry standards. The Method Statement helps identify potential hazards and provides instructions on how to mitigate them.
b) The operator of a piling rig above 20 tonnes is required to have proper training and qualifications. They should also be aware of the Method Statement and follow the specified procedures. The operator must also conduct pre-start checks, maintain the rig's stability during operation, and take necessary safety measures to protect themselves, others, and the site.
25. If the rig has to cross the public highway between two parts of a site, the Road Traffic Act applies. a) What type of licence and which class should the operator hold and b) what is the minimum age allowed?
a) The operator should hold an appropriate driving licence for operating the piling rig. This typically falls under the category of a Large Goods Vehicle (LGV) licence. As for the class, it depends on the weight of the rig and its load. The specific class requirement can be determined by referring to the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) guidelines.
b) The minimum age for operating a piling rig on a public highway would be determined by the driver licensing regulations in the UK. Typically, a minimum age of 18 is required for obtaining an LGV licence, but this may vary depending on certain circumstances.
26. What are the possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations?
Possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations in the UK construction industry can include fines, imprisonment, and damage to reputation. Prosecution may result in substantial financial penalties, with fines varying depending on the severity of the offense. Imprisonment is a possibility for serious breaches, particularly if there is evidence of intentional wrongdoing. Additionally, facing legal action can harm the company's reputation, leading to loss of contracts and future business opportunities. It is crucial to ensure compliance with legislation and regulations to avoid these potential consequences.
27. Where should the Operator's Manual be kept and why?
The Operator's Manual for a piling rig bored above 20 tonnes should be kept on the rig itself, in a secure and easily accessible location. This ensures that the manual is always available to the operator when they need it, enabling them to reference important operating procedures, safety guidelines, and maintenance instructions. Keeping the manual on the rig also reduces the risk of misplacing or losing it, ensuring that it can be readily accessed whenever necessary for safe and efficient operation of the rig.
28. Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the machine, what final action must be carried out?
Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the machine, the final action that must be carried out is to engage the handbrake. This is crucial to ensure that the rig remains stationary and does not roll or move unintentionally while unattended.
29. In what situation does a hard hat NOT need to be worn when operating a piling rig?
A hard hat should always be worn when operating a piling rig, regardless of the situation. It is a safety precaution to protect against potential falling objects and head injuries.
30. Why are rig operators generally regarded as 'safety-critical' workers?
Rig operators are seen as safety-critical because they perform tasks that involve risks to their own safety and the safety of others. Operating a piling rig, especially one that is bored above 20 tonnes, requires specialized knowledge and skills. Rig operators need to ensure that the rig is operated in a safe manner, follow safety protocols, and have the ability to respond to emergencies quickly and effectively. Any mistakes or negligence in their duties can result in accidents, injuries, or even fatalities. As a result, the role of rig operators is considered critical in maintaining a safe working environment.
31. a) Which part of the rig applies loading or pressure to the ground and b) what needs to be in place to cope with the pressure.
a) The part of the piling rig that applies loading or pressure to the ground is the pile or the casing.
b) To cope with the pressure applied by the piling rig, there needs to be adequate ground conditions, such as soil or rock with sufficient bearing capacity to support the imposed loads. Additionally, there may be a need for temporary or permanent works such as ground stabilization methods, such as grouting or ground improvement techniques, to ensure the stability of the surrounding area during piling operations.
32. Name TWO different types of bored piling methods.
Two different types of bored piling methods above 20 tonnes are:
1. Auger Bored Piling: This method uses a rotating auger attached to a piling rig to excavate soil and create a borehole. A temporary casing is often installed to prevent the sides from collapsing during the process. Once the desired depth is reached, reinforcement and concrete are added to complete the pile.
2. Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) Piling: In this method, a continuous flight auger is used to drill into the ground while simultaneously concrete is pumped through the hollow shaft of the auger. As the auger is withdrawn, it leaves behind a continuous column of concrete, forming the pile. CFA piling is efficient and suitable for a variety of soil conditions.
33. a) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from over head electricity lines and b) explain why a distance should be kept.
A) The minimum distances that plant and machinery, such as a piling rig, must be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by regulations and guidelines set by governing bodies. These distances ensure the safety of workers and the prevention of accidents or damage to equipment.
b) A distance should be kept to avoid any contact between the plant or machinery and the overhead electricity lines. Contact can lead to electrocution, electric shock, or damage to the equipment. Keeping a distance helps to minimize the risk of accidents and ensures the safety of both workers and the equipment.
34. If setting up to pile near a pedestrian footpath, state THREE precautions that could be adopted.
To pile near a pedestrian footpath, three precautions that could be adopted are:
1. Erecting a physical barrier, such as hoarding or fencing, between the footpath and the piling rig site to prevent unauthorized access and ensure pedestrian safety.
2. Displaying clear warning signs and safety notices to inform pedestrians of the nearby construction work and to advise them to keep a safe distance.
3. Assigning a dedicated traffic marshal or supervisor to manage pedestrian traffic, guide pedestrians safely around the work area, and ensure that they are aware of any changes or hazards.
These precautions help ensure the safety of pedestrians and minimize the risk of accidents or injuries.
35. What is meant by a 'contiguous pile line'?
A contiguous pile line refers to a series of piles that are installed closely together without any gaps or spaces in between. This is often done to create a continuous wall or barrier. It is commonly used in construction projects where deep excavations are required or for retaining walls in areas with limited space. The piles are typically bored into the ground using a piling rig with a capacity of over 20 tonnes to ensure stability and strength.
36. What is the purpose of counterweight(s) on the rig?
The purpose of counterweights on a piling rig is to provide stability and balance. They prevent the rig from tipping over or becoming unbalanced during operation. Counterweights act as a counterbalance to the weight of the rig and the forces generated during drilling. They ensure safe and controlled drilling operations by keeping the rig stable and upright.
Note: The specific quantity and placement of counterweights may vary depending on the piling rig model and manufacturer's specifications.
37. During work, the engine starts to overheat. Explain the danger if someone tries to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap.
Removing the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is overheating is dangerous due to the high pressure and temperature of the coolant. Doing so could cause a sudden release of scalding hot coolant, leading to severe burns or injuries. Additionally, removing the cap could result in a loss of coolant, causing further overheating and potentially damaging the engine. It is essential to avoid attempting any actions that may result in injury or exacerbate the existing problem. Consult a qualified engineer to diagnose and address the overheating issue safely.
38. What is ODEX drilling?
ODEX drilling is a method used in piling rig operations to bore holes larger than 20 tonnes. It involves using a down-the-hole hammer attached to the piling rig to drill into the ground. The hammer has a centrally placed drill bit and an outer casing with wings or stabilizers, which help create a larger borehole. As the hammer drills into the ground, the cuttings are flushed to the surface. ODEX drilling is commonly used for creating boreholes in soil and cohesive ground conditions, enabling the installation of larger-diameter piles for construction projects.
39. What does The Health and Safety at Work Act require employers to do with regards specifically to plant?
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure the health and safety of employees by providing safe and well-maintained plant equipment. Specifically for piling rigs, employers must ensure that the rig is suitable for the task, properly maintained, and regularly inspected. They must also provide appropriate training and supervision for operators. Additionally, employers must assess and manage any risks associated with the use of plant equipment, and provide the necessary protective measures and safety information to employees. Regular monitoring and reviewing of the implementation of these measures is also required.
40. How is the rotary auger of a bored rig or a CFA rig cleaned of soil?
A bored rig or CFA (Continuous Flight Auger) rig typically uses a rotary auger to bore into the ground and remove soil. To clean the rotary auger, the rig operator usually reverses the rotation of the auger to dislodge any soil that's stuck to it. Additionally, the auger may be lifted out of the borehole and sprayed with water or air to remove any remaining soil. This process ensures the auger stays clean and efficient during the piling operation.
41. Wind speeds can be variable throughout the working day. What action must be taken to ensure safe working conditions are maintained?
To maintain safe working conditions when using a piling rig bored above 20 tonnes with variable wind speeds, the following actions must be taken:
1. Monitor wind speeds regularly throughout the day using reliable wind speed measurement devices.
2. Establish and enforce safety protocols that specify maximum wind speed limits for operating the piling rig.
3. Train operators to recognize the signs of unsafe wind conditions and to halt operations if necessary.
4. Implement a system for communication between the site supervisor and the piling rig operator to relay wind speed updates and any necessary warnings.
5. Conduct regular inspections of the rig and surrounding area to ensure its structural integrity and stability is not compromised by high winds.
42. Apart from the operator, who else may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual?
Apart from the operator, other individuals who may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual include supervisors, maintenance personnel, and any other individuals involved in the operation, maintenance, or troubleshooting of the piling rig. It is important for all relevant personnel to have access to the Operator's Manual in order to ensure safe and efficient operation of the machine.
43. What is meant by the term 'refusal'?
'Refusal' in the context of piling refers to the inability of a piling rig to achieve the desired penetration depth despite applying the maximum force. It usually occurs when the ground encountered is exceptionally hard or contains obstructions that prevent further penetration. Refusal can be indicated by a significant increase in resistance or a sudden inability to continue driving the piles deeper.
44. Name THREE ways in which an operator can minimise their impact upon the environment whilst using the machine.
An operator can minimize their impact on the environment while using a piling rig bored above 20 tonnes by:
1. Properly maintaining and regularly servicing the machine to ensure optimum performance and reduce emissions.
2. Using low-emission fuel or alternative fuels to decrease air pollution.
3. Implementing sound mitigation measures, such as installing noise barriers or limiting the use of the machine during sensitive hours, to reduce noise pollution.
These steps help to reduce the ecological footprint of the piling rig operation, promoting sustainability in the construction industry.
45. What are the THREE actions or stages that a rig operator undertakes during pre-use inspections?
The three actions or stages that a piling rig operator undertakes during pre-use inspections are:
1. Visual inspection of the rig and its components to check for any visible damage or defects.
2. Functional testing of the rig's controls, hydraulics, and safety devices to ensure proper operation.
3. Review of the rig's maintenance and service history to ensure compliance and identify any outstanding issues.
46. List FIVE checks that should be made to the tracks and running gear.
1. Inspect the tracks for signs of wear, damage, or misalignment.
2. Check the tension of the track chains to ensure they are properly adjusted.
3. Examine the sprockets and idlers for any signs of excessive wear or damage.
4. Check the bogies and rollers for proper lubrication and smooth operation.
5. Inspect the track bolts and nuts to ensure they are securely tightened.
Remember to consult the equipment's manual or contact the manufacturer for specific guidance on maintenance and inspection procedures.
47. Using the Operator's Manual, state the figure for setting the track tension. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
The figure for setting the track tension will be specified in the Operator's Manual for the piling rig being used. It is imperative that the candidate has the Operator's Manual available for reference to obtain this information.
48. What checks and procedures need to be made before a 'permit to dig' can be issued?
Before issuing a "permit to dig" for a piling rig bored above 20 tonnes, the following checks and procedures should be made:
1. Confirm that the piling rig has a valid certificate of competency for operating above 20 tonnes.
2. Ensure that necessary ground surveys and utilities reports have been conducted to identify any potential hazards or obstructions.
3. Verify that the site-specific risk assessment and method statement are in place to address safety and environmental concerns.
4. Check that adequate supervision, training, and resources are available for the piling operation.
5. Confirm that any necessary permits, such as environmental permits, are obtained.
6. Ensure that all relevant personnel are briefed on the permit to dig requirements and aware of emergency procedures.
49. If checking the oil level using a dipstick, why must gloves be worn?
Gloves must be worn when checking the oil level using a dipstick on a piling rig bored above 20 tonnes to protect hands from potential oil spillages and to maintain hygiene standards. Oil can be slippery and hazardous if it comes into contact with the skin. Additionally, gloves help to prevent any dirt or contaminants on the hands from entering the oil reservoir, ensuring proper maintenance and functioning of the machinery.
50. When parking the machine at the end of the shift, name THREE places where the machine should NOT be parked.
The piling rig should not be parked near unstable ground, water sources (such as rivers or ponds), or overhead power lines. Such locations could pose safety risks or cause damage to the machine.
51. Generally, what distance is the controlled or restricted zone around a CFA drilling operation?
The controlled or restricted zone around a CFA drilling operation is typically around 15 meters. This is to ensure the safety of workers and the public who are not directly involved in the operation.
52. What is the purpose of a roll or ROPS frame?
The purpose of a roll or ROPS frame, which stands for Roll Over Protective Structure, is to provide protection to the operator in case of a roll-over accident. It is a reinforced structure that is designed to prevent the cabin of a piling rig from collapsing in the event of a roll-over, offering a safer environment for the operator. This feature is important for the operator's safety, as roll-over accidents can potentially be extremely hazardous.
53. When towing a power pack why should you never position yourself between the rig and the power pack?
Never position yourself between the piling rig and the power pack when towing because of the risk of injury. If there is a failure or an accident, you could be seriously hurt. Always maintain a safe distance from the equipment and follow proper safety protocols.
54. a) What is meant by the lifting capacity of the rig winch and b) who determines it?
a) The lifting capacity of the rig winch refers to the maximum weight it can safely lift during operation.
b) The manufacturer determines the lifting capacity of the rig winch based on its design, engineering calculations, and testing. It is crucial to follow the manufacturer's specifications to ensure safe and efficient operation of the piling rig.
55. Why is bored piling more suitable for use within urban areas compared with a driven rig?
Bored piling is often more suitable for urban areas because it generates less noise and vibration than a driven rig. This minimizes disruption and potential damage to nearby structures. Bored piling also allows for more control and accuracy in terms of depth and alignment, essential in crowded urban environments. The use of a bored piling rig can mitigate the risk of ground movement and settlement, ensuring the stability of neighboring structures and safety of the surrounding area. Overall, bored piling offers a quieter, more precise, and safer option for construction in urban areas.
56. Name THREE ways that a rig operator can contribute in ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor.
A rig operator can contribute to ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor by:
1. Demonstrating expertise and skill in the operation of the piling rig, ensuring efficient and accurate execution of the work.
2. Adhering to health and safety protocols, maintaining a safe working environment and minimizing the risk of accidents or incidents.
3. Communicating effectively with the client or principal contractor, addressing any concerns or issues promptly and professionally.
By consistently delivering high-quality work, prioritizing safety, and fostering good communication, a rig operator can help build trust and establish a positive long-term relationship with the client or principal contractor.
57. What is the purpose of a bored pile wall (contiguous piles or secant wall)?
The purpose of a bored pile wall, whether it be contiguous piles or secant wall, is to provide structural stability and prevent ground movement in areas where excavation is required for construction projects. Contiguous piles involve closely spaced bored piles, while secant walls have overlapping bored piles that form an interlocking structure. Both types of bored pile walls create a barrier against soil movement, groundwater ingress, and help retain the surrounding soil during deep excavations. They are commonly used in basement construction, deep foundations, and for stabilizing slopes or retaining walls.
58. When working in cellars or confined spaces: a) explain THREE precautions you must take to avoid a build up of fumes and b) why this is important?
When working in cellars or confined spaces with a piling rig above 20 tonnes, you must take three precautions to avoid a build-up of fumes:
1. Adequate ventilation: Ensure there is proper ventilation in the space to allow for the dispersal of any fumes that may be present.
2. Monitoring equipment: Use appropriate monitoring equipment to detect and measure the levels of fumes in the area, such as gas detectors.
3. Personal protective equipment (PPE): Wear appropriate PPE, such as masks or breathing apparatus, to protect yourself from inhaling any harmful fumes.
These precautions are important to prevent the accumulation of toxic or flammable gases, which can lead to a health hazard or even an explosion in a confined space.
59. How is drive transmitted to the short auger?
The drive is typically transmitted to the short auger on a piling rig bored above 20 tonnes through the use of hydraulic power. Hydraulic motors are commonly used to power the rotation of the auger. This enables the rig to efficiently and effectively bore into the ground during the piling process.
60. How can a qualification or card benefit a rig operator?
A qualification or card can benefit a rig operator by providing evidence of their competence and knowledge in operating a piling rig. It improves their credibility and can help them secure employment. Certain qualifications, such as the Construction Plant Competence Scheme (CPCS) card, are recognized in the industry and may be required by employers. These qualifications demonstrate that the rig operator has undergone training and assessment to meet a certain standard. Ultimately, having a qualification or card enhances the rig operator's employability and ensures compliance with industry regulations.