CPCS Piling Rig – Driven above 20 tonnes (A46) Theory Test Questions & Answers

The piling rig should NOT be parked in residential areas, on public roads or pavements, and in restricted areas such as pedestrian walkways or emergency access routes.

1. When carrying out maintenance tasks or repairs on the piling rig at a height above ground level.
2. When working from an elevated platform or scaffold while operating the piling rig, such as during assembly or disassembly process.

Facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations regarding driving a piling rig above 20 tonnes can have several outcomes. These include fines, legal penalties, and potential damage to your professional reputation. Fines can vary depending on the severity of the offense and may be imposed by regulatory bodies or the court. Legal penalties can involve criminal charges, which may result in imprisonment for serious breaches. Non-compliance can also harm your professional reputation, making it more difficult to secure future contracts and maintain client trust. It is crucial to comply with regulations and legislation to avoid these potential consequences.

1. Inspect the tracks and running gear for any signs of damage, such as dents, cracks, or excessive wear. Address any issues promptly to avoid further damage or safety hazards.
2. Check the tension of the tracks to ensure they are properly aligned and not overly loose or tight. Incorrect tension can affect the rig's stability and performance.
3. Clean the tracks and running gear regularly to remove any debris or build-up that can hinder their functionality. Pay attention to areas that are susceptible to dirt or mud accumulation, as this can affect traction.
4. Verify that the track shoes are securely attached and not loose or damaged. Loose or missing track shoes can impair the rig's ability to operate safely and efficiently.
5. Monitor the condition of bearings, rollers, and tensioning systems. These components should be properly lubricated and free from excessive wear or play. Replace or repair any damaged or worn-out parts.

The final action that must be carried out before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the piling rig driven above 20 tonnes, is to engage the parking brake. This ensures that the machine remains stationary and prevents any unintended movement or accidents. Remember to exercise caution and follow proper procedures at all times.

Please refer to the Operator's Manual for the specific piling rig being used for the test to determine the figure for setting the track tension. The manual will provide the necessary information for proper operation and maintenance of the machine. Make sure the Operator's Manual is accessible for reference during the test.

1. Health and safety regulations
2. Site-specific hazards and risks
3. Emergency procedures and evacuation routes
4. Safe use of equipment and machinery
5. Personal protective equipment requirements
6. Site rules and procedures for reporting incidents or near misses.

A cofferdam is used in construction to create a temporary barrier or enclosure around a work area in water, such as a river or a lake, allowing the area to be drained or kept dry for construction activities. It is typically made by driving or excavating sheet piles into the ground and then pumping out the water from the enclosed area. This allows for construction, maintenance or repair work to be conducted below the waterline, such as building bridges, dams, or constructing foundations for structures. Cofferdams provide a safe and dry working environment for construction activities in water.

A banksman or signaller must be used when moving a piling rig that weighs above 20 tonnes. The requirement is outlined in the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015. The banksman or signaller assists in safely guiding the movement of the rig, ensuring the operator has clear visibility and there are no hazards or obstructions in its path. It is essential to follow this safety measure to prevent accidents and promote the overall health and safety on construction sites.

a) The minimum distances that plant and machinery, including a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes, should be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by regulations such as the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 and relevant industry guidance. These regulations specify the clearance distance based on the voltage of the electrical lines.

b) A distance should be kept from overhead electricity lines to minimize the risk of contact between the equipment and the lines. This is essential to prevent electrical shock, electrocution, and potential damage to the equipment and the electrical lines. Adhering to the minimum distances helps ensure the safety of workers and the integrity of the electrical infrastructure.

Three ways for an operator to minimize environmental impact while using a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes are:

1. Efficient Fuel Use: Operators should ensure the piling rig is properly maintained to maximize fuel efficiency, reducing emissions. They should also switch off the engine when the rig is not in use.

2. Noise Control: Operators should use noise-control measures, such as acoustic barriers or enclosures, to minimize noise pollution and disturbance to nearby residents and wildlife.

3. Waste Management: Operators should properly manage and dispose of waste generated during piling operations, adhering to regulations and recycling where possible to minimize environmental impact.

a) The danger with the counterweight of the piling rig above 20 tonnes in a confined area is potential instability and tipping over of the machine.

b) The recommended minimum distance between the piling rig and nearby obstacles or boundaries should be determined by a competent person considering factors like the machine specifications, stability, and the surrounding conditions.

c) If the gap is less than the recommended distance, additional measures should be implemented to ensure stability and safety. These may include alternative rigging methods, additional support structures, or engineering controls to mitigate the risk of tipping over.

The purpose of a roll or ROPS (Roll Over Protective Structure) frame on a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes is to provide protection to the operator in the event of a roll or overturn of the machine. It is a safety feature that helps prevent injury or fatality by creating a protective enclosure around the operator's compartment, reducing the risk of being crushed or trapped in the event of a rollover.

Gloves must be worn when checking the oil level using a dipstick on a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes to protect your hands from potential oil contact. Oil can be toxic and harmful to the skin, so wearing gloves adds an extra layer of safety to prevent any potential health risks. It is a good practice to always prioritize personal protective equipment to keep yourself safe in the construction industry.

Splicing refers to the process of connecting two or more piles together to create a longer pile. It is typically done when the length of a single pile is insufficient for a specific construction project. The splicing technique used will depend on the type of piles being used, which can include various methods such as bolted connections, welded connections, or mechanical connectors. By splicing piles together, contractors can achieve the required depth and stability needed for the foundation of a structure.

A hazard can be described as a potential source of harm or danger. In the context of a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes, hazards may include risks associated with the operation and movement of the rig, such as instability, collision, or entanglement. Hazards can also arise from the environmental conditions, such as ground instability or adverse weather, that may impact the rig's performance and safety. It is important to identify and assess these hazards to implement appropriate control measures and ensure the safety of personnel and the construction site.

The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure that plant used in the workplace is safe for employees and others. This includes piling rigs driven above 20 tonnes. Employers must assess the risks associated with using such plant and take appropriate measures to control those risks. They should provide adequate training, instruction, and supervision to operators, as well as ensure that the plant is regularly inspected and maintained. In addition, employers must ensure that suitable measures are in place to prevent unauthorized use of the plant and to protect employees from any dangers it may pose.

Three different types of driven hammers used in piling rigs weighing above 20 tonnes are:
1. Hydraulic Impact Hammer - It uses pressurized fluid to generate impact force for driving piles.
2. Diesel Hammer - It operates by compressing air and diesel fuel, creating a forceful blow to drive piles.
3. Air Hammer - It uses compressed air to deliver high-energy blows for pile driving. Each type has its own advantages and suitability depending on factors such as soil conditions, pile type, and project requirements.

Driven piles are often used on contaminated sites because they can penetrate layers of soil and reach a stable foundation without the need for extensive excavation. This minimizes the risk of further spreading contamination during construction. Additionally, driven piles create a sealed shaft, preventing the spread of contaminants from one layer to another.

Pre-cast piles are suitable for a variety of applications in the construction industry. They are commonly used for projects that require a cost-effective and efficient foundation solution. Pre-cast piles can be particularly helpful in situations where the ground conditions are challenging or where large vertical or horizontal loads need to be supported. They are also used in projects that require tight construction schedules. Overall, pre-cast piles offer versatility and can be beneficial in many different construction scenarios.

PUWER 98 (Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998) and other guidance require operators of piling rigs driven above 20 tonnes, including new models they are unfamiliar with, to have suitable training and competence. They must be familiar with the rig's controls, limitations, and safe operating procedures. In addition, risk assessments must be carried out to identify and control hazards. Regular inspections, maintenance, and thorough examinations should also be undertaken to ensure the rig is safe and properly maintained. Operators should follow manufacturer guidelines and seek further advice if needed.

If the words "STOP NOW" are communicated to the piling rig operator during the lift, the operator must immediately cease all operations and bring the rig to a complete stop. This is a crucial safety precaution to prevent any potential accidents or hazards. It is essential for the operator to respond quickly and follow instructions to ensure the safety of everyone involved in the operation.

A qualification or card can benefit a rig operator by providing proof of their competence and skills in operating piling rigs above 20 tonnes. This can enhance their employability and career prospects in the construction industry. It demonstrates their ability to operate the rig safely and efficiently, reducing the risk of accidents and improving productivity. It also helps them comply with industry regulations and standards. Employers often prefer qualified operators as they are more likely to possess the necessary knowledge and expertise. Additionally, it can provide the operator with a sense of professional achievement and recognition within their field.

Three different types of driven piles are steel piles, concrete piles, and timber piles.

The shoe, also known as an end-cap, is used in cast in-situ piling to distribute the load from the piling rig to the concrete pile. It helps to ensure that the load is evenly transferred to the surrounding ground and prevents any excessive pressure on the pile. The shoe is typically made of steel and is placed on the bottom of the steel pile prior to concreting. It acts as a protective barrier, preventing damage to the pile during the driving process. The shoe is an important component in maintaining the stability and load-bearing capacity of the pile.

When using a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes, it is important to monitor wind speeds as they can change during the day. To ensure safe working conditions, you should follow these steps:

1. Check weather forecasts regularly to anticipate any changes in wind speed.
2. Use an anemometer to measure wind speed on-site.
3. Implement a safe working limit for wind speed. Typically, this is around 10-15 meters per second (about 22-33 miles per hour).
4. If the wind speed exceeds the safe working limit, suspend piling operations until it drops to an acceptable level.
5. Communicate the wind speed limitations and safety protocols to the piling rig operator and other personnel involved.

You should never position yourself between the rig and the power pack when towing because it may cause serious injury or even death. The power pack and the rig are linked by hydraulic hoses and other connections, which could break or come loose during towing. If you are in-between, you would be at risk of being struck by flying debris, becoming caught in the equipment, or crushed between the rig and power pack. Always maintain a safe distance and position during towing to ensure your personal safety.

a) If part of the piling operation cannot be carried out as per the method statement, it must pause until the issue is resolved or a suitable alternative method is identified.

b) The authorisation to make changes to the piling operation lies with the project or site manager, or any other designated authority responsible for overseeing the construction activities.

A hard hat should always be worn when operating a piling rig, regardless of the situation. It provides crucial protection for the head against falling objects or hazards on the construction site. The safety regulations mandate the use of a hard hat, ensuring the wellbeing of the operator. Therefore, there is no situation where a hard hat would not be required.

The rig operator for a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes typically undertakes three actions during pre-use inspections: Firstly, they visually inspect the rig, checking for any signs of damage or wear. Secondly, they check the rig's controls, ensuring they are in proper working order. Lastly, they examine the rig's documentation, such as maintenance records and certifications, ensuring everything is up to date and compliant. This pre-use inspection process helps ensure the rig's safety and reliability before it is used for piling operations.

1. First, the rig operator should prioritize safety by adhering to all relevant health and safety regulations and best practices. This will demonstrate a commitment to a safe working environment and earn the trust and confidence of the client or principal contractor.

2. Effective communication is key in ensuring repeat business. The rig operator should maintain open and transparent communication with the client or principal contractor, providing regular updates on progress, addressing any concerns or issues promptly, and seeking feedback to continuously improve performance.

3. Delivering high-quality work is essential for repeat business. The rig operator should strive for excellence in their operations, ensuring that the piling rig is operated efficiently and meets all technical specifications and project requirements, thereby delivering results that exceed expectations.

To reduce the noise level of the hammering operation on piling rigs driven above 20 tonnes, there are a few measures you can take.

a) For pre-cast types, you can use buffer materials, such as rubber or foam pads, to absorb the impact and reduce noise. Additionally, installing noise barriers around the piling rig can help contain and minimize noise propagation.

b) For cast in-situ types, using vibration dampening techniques, like installing resilient mats or isolating the pile head, can help reduce noise levels. Implementing noise enclosures or movable noise barriers can also help contain the noise generated during the operation.

Three reasons that may cause a piling rig to overturn when driven above 20 tonnes are: uneven ground conditions, excessive side loading during operation, and improper setup and stabilization of the rig. Uneven ground conditions, such as soft or unstable soil, can affect the rig's stability and potentially cause it to overturn. Excessive side loading, caused by the rig not being properly positioned or the pile not being aligned correctly, can also jeopardize stability. Lastly, if the rig is not set up and stabilized properly, it may become unbalanced and tip over.

The THREE main duties of The Health and Safety at Work Act that employees must follow are:
1. Taking reasonable care of their own health and safety, as well as that of others who may be affected by their actions.
2. Cooperating with their employer on matters of health and safety and following any instructions given for their own safety.
3. Properly using and not misusing any equipment or safety devices provided by their employer to protect their health and safety.

Four types or levels of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied to operators of plant who fail to comply with legislation and regulations are: verbal warnings, written warnings, suspension, and termination of employment. These disciplinary actions may be imposed by employers or, in more serious cases, by judicial bodies. Verbal warnings involve highlighting the issue to the operator without any formal documentation. Written warnings are formal notices documenting the non-compliance. Suspension entails the temporary removal of the operator from their duties, usually pending an investigation. Termination of employment is the most severe sanction, resulting in the operator being permanently dismissed from their position.

The Operator's Manual for a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes should be kept in a secure location within the rig. This ensures that the manual is readily accessible to the operator at all times during operation. Easy access to the manual allows the operator to quickly refer to it for guidance on proper operation, safety protocols, troubleshooting, and maintenance procedures. It is important to have the manual on hand to ensure safe and efficient operation of the piling rig, minimizing the risk of accidents and maximizing productivity.

The counterweights on a piling rig above 20 tonnes are used to achieve balance and stability during operation. They help offset the weight and force exerted by the rig's heavy machinery and drilling equipment. This ensures that the rig remains steady and prevents it from toppling over while carrying out pile driving activities. Counterweights are strategically positioned on the rig to distribute the load and maintain equilibrium. By counteracting the rig's weight and centrifugal forces, they contribute to safe and efficient piling operations.

Before leaving the cab, the operator should conduct a set of checks. These include ensuring that the piling rig is safely secured on the transporter/trailer, verifying that all necessary restraints are in place, confirming that the load on the transporter/trailer is within the permitted limits, and inspecting the transportation method for any potential hazards or defects. It is crucial to follow safe loading and transportation practices to prevent accidents and damage to both the machine and other road users.

Before issuing a 'permit to dig' for a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes, several checks and procedures should be followed. Firstly, confirm that the piling rig operator is qualified and experienced to operate such heavy machinery. Next, assess the ground conditions and ensure they are suitable for the rig's weight and operation. Check if any underground utilities are present and mark them to avoid accidental damage. Ensure that any necessary environmental or planning permissions are obtained. Finally, review and comply with all relevant health and safety regulations, including appropriate risk assessments and method statements.

a) The operator is responsible for the loading operations.
b) Before loading commences, the operator should consider the following four actions:
1. Ensure that the transporter or trailer is suitable for carrying the piling rig, taking into account its weight and dimensions.
2. Securely fasten the piling rig to the transporter or trailer to prevent any movement or shifting during transport.
3. Confirm that the loading area and route are clear of any obstacles or hazards that could impede the loading process.
4. Communicate and coordinate with any additional personnel or equipment involved in the loading operation to ensure a safe and efficient process.

The purpose of a risk assessment for a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes is to identify and evaluate potential hazards associated with its operation. It helps to determine the level of risk posed to workers, the site, and the surrounding environment. By assessing these risks, appropriate control measures can be implemented to mitigate or eliminate them, ensuring the safety of personnel and property. Regular risk assessments enable ongoing monitoring and adjustment of safety protocols to address any changes or new hazards that may arise. Ultimately, the goal is to prevent accidents, injuries, and damage while maintaining a safe working environment.

In the context of a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes, 'refusal' refers to the situation where the pile, being driven into the ground by the rig, encounters a layer of soil or rock that cannot support additional load. This results in the pile being unable to penetrate further into the ground regardless of the force applied by the rig. The refusal point indicates the maximum depth the pile can be driven, and often requires additional engineering solutions, such as using a different type of pile or establishing a stronger foundation.

To cold-start a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes, refer to the Operator's Manual. The manual will contain the specific instructions and procedures for starting the machine. It is essential that the Operator's Manual is readily available for the candidate to consult. Follow the instructions provided in the manual, ensuring compliance with safety measures and guidelines. Remember that every piling rig may have unique requirements, so relying on the manual is crucial for an accurate and reliable cold-start procedure.

a) The operator should hold a valid LGV (Large Goods Vehicle) licence, specifically C+E class.
b) The minimum age to operate a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes on the public highway is 21 years old.

If both travel levers are pushed forwards and the track motors are in front of the cab, the machine would move in the forward direction.

Rig operators are regarded as safety-critical workers because they operate heavy machinery, like piling rigs, that can be hazardous if not operated correctly. These machines have the potential to cause serious accidents or injuries, so it is crucial that the operators have the necessary skills and training to ensure safety. Rig operators must follow strict safety protocols, maintain equipment properly, and be alert and aware of their surroundings at all times. Their responsibility for the safety of themselves and others on the site is paramount.

Before piling starts, a pre-start inspection should be carried out on the piling rig by a competent person with knowledge of piling operations. This person can be a qualified engineer or a trained piling rig operator. The inspection should include checking the rig’s stability, condition of the rig and its components, and ensuring that all safety devices are in place and functional. It is important to ensure compliance with Health and Safety regulations and have the necessary permits and documentation. This responsibility lies with the principal contractor or piling contractor in charge of the project.

In the context of a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes, 'backdriving' refers to the process of reversing the rig's hydraulic power in order to remove a temporary pile or to extract a stuck or damaged pile. By using the rig's hydraulic system in reverse, backdriving applies force in the opposite direction to loosen or extract the pile.

In driven piling, the 'drop height' refers to the distance that the hammer or weight falls from before impacting the pile. It is the vertical distance between the raised position of the hammer or weight and the position just before it hits the pile. The drop height is an important factor in determining the energy transferred to the pile during driving. It affects the penetration and achieved bearing capacity of the pile. Generally, a higher drop height results in greater energy transfer and improved driving efficiency.

A rig should be refuelled at the end of the day to ensure it has sufficient fuel for the next day's operations. Running out of fuel can cause delays and disruptions to the project. Additionally, refuelling allows for routine maintenance tasks to be carried out, such as checking the rig's components and cleaning filters. It is also important to keep the fuel tank full to prevent condensation and potential damage to the fuel system. In conclusion, refuelling at the end of the day is essential for the rig's efficiency and longevity.

a) To avoid a build-up of fumes when working in cellars or confined spaces with a piling rig driven above 20 tonnes, three precautions to take are:

1. Ensure proper ventilation: Use ventilation equipment like fans or extractors to continuously remove fumes and maintain fresh air circulation.

2. Use relevant respiratory protection: Provide workers with appropriate respiratory protective equipment such as masks or respirators to prevent inhalation of harmful fumes.

3. Monitor and control ignition sources: Eliminate or properly manage potential ignition sources like open flames, sparks, or electrical equipment that could ignite any accumulated flammable fumes.

b) These precautions are important as a build-up of fumes in confined spaces can lead to a hazardous atmosphere, increasing the risk of asphyxiation, explosion, or fire. It is vital to protect worker safety and prevent potential accidents or injuries.

A 'driven cast in-situ' pile is a type of foundation pile used in construction. It involves driving a hollow steel tube, known as a casing, into the ground to the desired depth. Once the casing is in place, it is filled with concrete and a steel reinforcement cage is inserted. The concrete is then poured into the casing, displacing the soil and forming a solid pile. The casing is typically left in place to provide support during construction. This method is often used for piling rigs that have a driving capacity of over 20 tonnes.

'Toeing in' in the context of piling refers to the process of gradually aligning the pile as it is being driven into the ground. This is done to ensure that the pile remains vertical and straight. The pile is driven at a slight angle initially, and then adjustments are made to bring it back to the desired position. Toe-in techniques vary depending on the piling rig being used, but they typically involve using hydraulic controls to adjust the angle of the pile.

a) The lifting capacity of a piling rig refers to the maximum weight it can lift. It is an important factor in determining if the rig can handle the loads required for piling operations.
b) The manufacturer of the piling rig determines its lifting capacity. They conduct thorough testing and provide specifications based on their design and engineering assessments. It is crucial to consult the manufacturer's guidelines and ensure compliance with safety regulations when using the rig.

Removing the radiator or expansion tank cap while the piling rig's engine is overheating poses a significant danger. The cooling system is pressurized and removing the cap could cause scalding hot coolant to spray out, leading to severe burns. Furthermore, releasing the pressure suddenly can cause coolant to boil rapidly, causing an explosion-like effect, resulting in additional risks of injury. It is crucial to let the engine cool down completely before attempting any maintenance on the cooling system, and to follow proper safety procedures to avoid harm.

The term 'raking angle' refers to the angle at which the pile is driven into the ground. It is measured relative to vertical. A larger raking angle means that the pile is being driven at a more inclined angle, while a smaller raking angle means the pile is being driven closer to vertical. Ultimately, the raking angle affects the stability and load-bearing capacity of the pile.

The dolly on a percussive-driven hammer is typically located at the bottom of the hammer assembly. It serves as a striking surface for the hammer during the piling process.