1. As far as is reasonably practical, where should crushing operations be kept clear of?
Crushing operations should be kept clear of workers and other personnel for safety reasons. Ideally, crushing operations should be located away from pedestrian areas, confined spaces, and areas with high traffic or movement. It is important to ensure that there is enough space for the operation, including the loading and unloading of materials. Additionally, adequate barriers or signage should be in place to indicate the danger zone and restrict access. Regular monitoring and maintenance of the crushing equipment is also essential to ensure its proper operation and minimize any potential hazards.
2. If the operator has to top-up the hydraulic oil, state TWO precautions to ensure cleanliness of the system.
To maintain cleanliness of the hydraulic system while topping up the hydraulic oil, you should follow these precautions:
1. Keep the area around the hydraulic oil reservoir clean and free from dirt and debris. This prevents contaminants from entering the system when accessing the reservoir.
2. Use clean and properly labeled containers for storing and transferring hydraulic oil. Ensure that these containers are free from dirt, dust, and other contaminants to avoid introducing impurities into the hydraulic system.
By practicing these precautions, you can help maintain the cleanliness of the hydraulic system while topping up the hydraulic oil.
3. Name FIVE items of specific PPE applicable to crusher operations.
Five items of specific Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) applicable to crusher operations are: hard hats for head protection, safety glasses or goggles for eye protection, high visibility vests or shirts for visibility, steel-toe boots for foot protection, and hearing protection, such as ear plugs or earmuffs, to protect against noise hazards.
4. List TWO items that should be considered if the operator is working alone for long periods.
If the operator is working alone for long periods, two key considerations are safety and efficiency. Firstly, a proper communication system should be in place so the operator can easily reach out for help if needed. This could be a two-way radio or a mobile phone. Secondly, regular breaks should be encouraged to prevent fatigue and maintain focus. Breaks allow the operator to rest and recharge, reducing the chances of mistakes or accidents. Adequate planning and risk assessments should also be carried out to identify any specific challenges or hazards associated with working alone.
5. a) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from over head electricity lines and b) explain why a distance should be kept.
a) The minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery must be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by safety regulations, such as the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 and the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. These regulations outline specific minimum distances to ensure the safety of workers and prevent accidents involving electricity.
b) Maintaining a distance from overhead electricity lines is important because it reduces the risk of electrical shock, fire, and other accidents. Electricity can arc or jump across a gap, causing serious injury or even death. By keeping a safe distance, the likelihood of contact with the power lines is minimized, ensuring the safety of workers and preventing damage to equipment.
6. Give THREE reasons that may cause a mobile crusher to tip over sideways during travel.
Possible reasons for a mobile crusher tipping over sideways during travel could include: uneven ground, excessive speed, and improper weight distribution. Uneven ground can cause the machine to become unstable and tip over. Excessive speed can also lead to loss of control and tipping. Lastly, improper weight distribution, such as heavy loads being placed too high or on one side of the machine, can affect its stability and result in tipping. It's important to ensure correct operating procedures are followed and regular maintenance is carried out to minimize these risks.
7. Give TWO reasons why the operator should have an understanding of the type of material being loaded for crushing.
An understanding of the material being loaded for crushing is important for two reasons: Firstly, different materials have different characteristics, such as hardness, abrasiveness, and moisture content, which can affect the performance and efficiency of the crusher. Secondly, knowledge of the material allows the operator to adjust the crusher settings and operational parameters accordingly, optimizing the crushing process and ensuring maximum productivity and quality of the crushed product.
8. Name the FOUR key causes of accidents that occur during crushing operations.
The four key causes of accidents during crushing operations are: insufficient training or knowledge, inadequate guarding or safety measures, poor equipment maintenance, and lack of communication or poor supervision.
9. Before leaving the machine for a rest break, after switching off the machine, what final action must be carried out?
Before leaving the crusher for a rest break, it is important to perform the final action of conducting a thorough inspection of the machine. This includes checking for any loose or damaged parts, cleaning any debris or material that may have accumulated, and ensuring that all safety guards are securely in place. By completing this final action, you can help prevent any potential hazards or issues that may arise during the machine's idle period.
10. During work, the engine starts to overheat. Explain the danger if someone tries to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap.
Removing the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is overheating can be dangerous. The excessive heat and pressure inside the cooling system can cause a sudden release of scalding hot coolant, leading to burns and other injuries. This can also result in further damage to the engine as the coolant may escape, causing it to overheat even more. It is important to let the engine cool down before attempting any maintenance on the cooling system to avoid these potential dangers.
11. Why is it recommended to leave a layer of material in the feed hopper during loading?
Leaving a layer of material in the feed hopper during loading is recommended to stabilize the flow of material into the crusher. It helps to prevent sudden surge or uneven feeding, which can lead to operational issues and potential damage to the crusher. This layer of material acts as a buffer, ensuring a consistent and controlled feed rate, thereby optimizing the crusher's performance.
12. a) Which part of the crusher applies loading or pressure to the ground and b) name ONE way that pressure can be reduced.
a) The part of the crusher that applies loading or pressure to the ground is generally called the crushing or grinding mechanism.
b) One way to reduce pressure in the crusher is by adjusting the gap or clearance between the crushing or grinding plates.
13. Apart from the operator, who else may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual?
Other individuals who may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual include maintenance personnel responsible for troubleshooting and repairing the machine, safety officers ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations, and new operators undergoing training on how to operate the machine safely and effectively.
14. a) What is the minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a mobile crusher and b) explain why?
a) The minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a mobile crusher depends on local regulations and site-specific conditions. It is essential to consult the relevant authorities and adhere to the guidelines to ensure safety and prevent accidents.
b) Maintaining a minimum distance near open trenches when travelling with a mobile crusher is important for safety reasons. The weight and size of the crusher can pose a potential hazard, especially in unstable ground conditions. Additionally, the movement of the crusher near open trenches can increase the risk of accidents or damage to underground utilities or infrastructure. Following proper distance requirements helps in mitigating these risks and ensures a safe working environment.
15. What does the Health and Safety at Work Act require employers to do with regards specifically to plant?
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure that plant, such as machinery and equipment, is safe and properly maintained. Employers must carry out risk assessments, provide suitable training and supervision, and put in place measures to control risks associated with plant use. Regular inspections and maintenance should be conducted, and any defects or issues should be promptly addressed. Employers must also provide information and instruction to employees on safe use of plant, and ensure that adequate emergency procedures are in place. Compliance with relevant regulations and standards is essential.
16. The operator has to use a new type of crusher that they are unfamiliar with. What do Regulations (i.e. PUWER 98) and other guidance require the operator to have?
Regulations, such as PUWER 98, require operators to have necessary information, instruction, and training to safely operate equipment, including new crushers. The operator should receive training on the specific make and model of the crusher, focusing on its safe operation, maintenance, and emergency procedures. They should also be given relevant manuals, user guides, and other manufacturer-supplied information. Additionally, the operator may need additional certification or qualifications, depending on the particular requirements of the crusher, such as competence in operating and inspecting specific types of equipment.
17. Explain SIX requirements to be taken into account when positioning a crusher prior to work.
When positioning a crusher prior to work, there are several requirements that need to be considered:
1. Accessibility: Ensure that the crusher is easily accessible for maintenance and repair purposes.
2. Stability: Position the crusher on a stable surface to prevent any movement during operation.
3. Clearance: Provide enough clearance around the crusher to allow for safe and efficient operation, including adequate space for feeding and discharge.
4. Power supply: Ensure that the crusher is positioned near a reliable power source to avoid any interruptions in operation.
5. Noise control: Consider the noise levels generated by the crusher and place it away from sensitive areas or provide suitable noise barriers.
6. Safety measures: Install appropriate safety devices, such as guards and emergency stop buttons, to ensure the safety of operators and prevent accidents.
18. List SIX typical subject areas that should be covered in a site induction.
Typical subject areas covered in a site induction include: Health and safety procedures, including emergency protocols. Site-specific hazards and precautions. Use and maintenance of personal protective equipment. Site-specific rules and regulations, such as access restrictions or working hours. Key personnel and their roles. Site layout and important locations/resources.
19. Name: a) THREE differences between 'cone' and 'jaw'-type crushers and b) ONE suitable application for each.
a) Three differences between 'cone' and 'jaw'-type crushers are:
1. Design: Cone crushers have a cone-shaped crushing chamber, while jaw crushers have a rectangular-shaped crushing chamber.
2. Crushing Mechanism: Cone crushers use compression to crush materials between a stationary bowl liner and a moving mantle, whereas jaw crushers use a toggle plate and eccentric motion to exert force on the material.
3. Size Reduction Ratio: Cone crushers are more suitable for secondary and tertiary crushing, offering higher reduction ratios than jaw crushers, which are mainly used for primary crushing.
b) A suitable application for cone crushers is in the production of aggregates for concrete, as they can efficiently handle large amounts of hard and abrasive materials. Jaw crushers are well-suited for primary crushing in mining and quarrying operations, where the aim is to reduce large rocks into smaller particles for further processing.
20. a) When would a harness be used and b) what determines how or what type is used?
a) A harness would be used when working at height to prevent falling. It provides a secure attachment point for a worker to connect to a fall arrest system, ensuring their safety.
b) The type of harness used depends on various factors such as the nature of the work, the potential fall hazards, and the comfort requirements of the worker. Factors like job-specific requirements, personal preference, and safety regulations may also influence the choice. It is essential to select a harness that meets the relevant safety standards and provides the necessary functionality and support for the specific task at hand.
21. Name THREE ways in which an operator can minimise their impact upon the environment whilst using the machine.
1. Proper maintenance and regular servicing of the crusher can improve its efficiency and reduce environmental impact by minimizing energy consumption and emissions.
2. Effective dust suppression measures, such as water spraying or using dust collection systems, can reduce airborne particulate matter released during crushing operations, thus minimizing the impact on air quality.
3. Implementing proper waste management practices, such as recycling and reusing crushed materials, can minimize the amount of waste generated and promote a more sustainable approach.
Remember to comply with local environmental regulations and guidelines to further minimize the impact.
22. If a crusher has appeared to stall, what are the THREE initial steps to take before remedial work starts?
If a crusher stalls, take these three initial steps:
1. Stop the crusher and put it in a safe, isolated position.
2. Check if there is any material stuck or jammed in the crusher. If so, remove it carefully.
3. Inspect the crusher components for any visible damages or abnormalities. If you see any issues, document them for later reference. These initial steps will help identify the cause of the stall and allow for safe remedial work to take place.
23. What THREE main duties of the Health and Safety at Work Act must employees follow?
Under the Health and Safety at Work Act, employees have three primary duties:
1. To take reasonable care of their own health and safety, as well as that of others who may be affected by their actions.
2. To cooperate with their employer and follow any instructions given to maintain health and safety in the workplace.
3. To avoid interfering with or misusing anything provided for their health, safety, or welfare in the workplace. These duties help promote a safer working environment and protect everyone involved.
24. What checks should be made to stockpiled materials at the end of a working day?
At the end of a working day, it's important to check the stockpiled materials for any issues or concerns. Here are a few key checks to consider:
1. Stability: Ensure the stockpile is stable and not at risk of collapsing or shifting.
2. Contamination: Look for any signs of contamination, such as foreign objects or unwanted materials.
3. Moisture: Check the moisture content to avoid issues with material quality or potential future problems.
4. Temperature: Monitor the temperature to prevent overheating or freezing, depending on the material.
5. Security: Confirm that the stockpile is secure and inaccessible to unauthorized individuals.
Remember to record and address any identified issues promptly to maintain safety and quality standards.
25. Give TWO examples of where The Work at Height Regulations 1995 may apply to crusher operations.
The Work at Height Regulations 1995 may apply to crusher operations in two situations. Firstly, if maintenance or repair work is required on the crusher at a height above ground level, such as replacing parts or clearing blockages. Secondly, if operators need to access the crusher platform or hopper, which is located at a height, for purposes such as loading or inspecting the material being crushed. In both cases, compliance with the Work at Height Regulations is necessary to ensure the safety of workers and to prevent falls from height.
26. a) What is the purpose of a magnetic separator and b) where would it be located?
a) The purpose of a magnetic separator is to remove ferrous materials from a mixture. It uses magnets to attract and separate magnetic materials, reducing contamination and ensuring product quality.
b) A magnetic separator can be located in various places depending on the specific application. Common locations include before or after a crusher, in a conveyor system, or in a material handling process. Its placement is determined by the need to efficiently capture and remove ferrous materials in the desired process.
27. Name FOUR different types or levels of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied (by employers and judicial bodies) to operators of plant who do not comply with, or follow legislation and regulations.
There are multiple disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be imposed on operators who fail to comply with legislation and regulations:
1. Verbal Warning: Employers may issue a verbal warning to remind the operator of their obligations and encourage compliance. This is the mildest form of discipline.
2. Written Warning: A written warning can be given to operators who repeatedly violate regulations. It serves as a formal notice that further non-compliance may result in more severe consequences.
3. Suspension: In more serious cases, employers may suspend operators from working with plant machinery. Suspension can be temporary or indefinite, depending on the severity of the violation.
4. Termination of Employment: If an operator consistently or severely fails to comply with legislation and regulations, employers may terminate their employment. This action is typically taken as a last resort.
Judicial bodies may also impose fines and other legal penalties.
28. How can a qualification or card benefit a plant operator?
A qualification or card can benefit a plant operator by demonstrating their competence and knowledge in operating plant machinery, thus increasing their employability. It provides evidence to employers that the operator has undergone training and possesses the necessary skills to carry out their duties safely and efficiently. Additionally, it may be a legal requirement to hold a specific qualification or card for certain machinery. Having the appropriate qualification or card can also contribute to the operator's professional development and career advancement opportunities within the construction industry.
29. Apart from water, name THREE other methods that can be used to minimise dust.
In addition to water, three methods to reduce dust include using dust suppression agents, implementing proper ventilation systems, and employing dust extraction equipment. Dust suppression agents can be applied to surfaces to prevent dust from becoming airborne. Proper ventilation systems ensure that dust is effectively removed from the environment. Dust extraction equipment, such as vacuum systems or dust collectors, helps capture and remove dust particles.
30. If parking a mobile unit away from the working area, name THREE places where the machine should NOT be parked.
When parking a mobile unit away from the working area, it should NOT be parked in the following places:
1. Blocking emergency vehicle access or fire lanes.
2. Obstructing pedestrian walkways or access routes.
3. Restricted areas where parking is prohibited by local regulations or requirements.
31. What is the meaning of this hand signal (being demonstrated by the Tester)?
The hand signal being demonstrated is commonly known as the "crusher." It is used to indicate that there is a potential danger or hazard in the vicinity.
32. a) What is the purpose of a Method Statement and b) what is required of the operator?
a) The purpose of a Method Statement is to outline the procedures and processes for completing a specific task or project safely and efficiently. It ensures that the work is planned and executed in accordance with industry standards, regulations, and best practices.
b) The operator is required to review and understand the Method Statement before commencing work. They must follow the stated procedures, use the appropriate tools and equipment, and adhere to the specified safety measures. It is important for the operator to communicate any concerns or deviations from the Method Statement to the relevant parties.
33. Name TWO things that can cause 'bridging'.
'Bridging' in construction refers to a situation where materials, such as aggregates, get jammed or stuck inside a storage hopper or bin, preventing a regular flow. Two factors that can cause bridging are material characteristics and hopper design. Materials with high moisture content or cohesive properties are more likely to bridge. Hopper design, including the angle of repose and wall friction, can also affect how materials flow. Bridging can hinder operations and lead to production delays. Proper material selection and hopper design are crucial to prevent this issue.
34. Using the Operator's Manual, state the cold-starting procedure for the machine. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
Please consult the Operator's Manual for the specific cold-starting procedure of the crusher machine being used. The manual will provide detailed instructions on how to safely and correctly start the machine under cold conditions. Make sure to refer to the manual for accurate information and follow the recommended steps for a successful cold start. It is important to have the Operator's Manual on hand for reference during the process.
35. What TWO problems can wet weather cause?
Wet weather can cause two main problems in construction:
1. Delayed or halted work due to adverse weather conditions, affecting productivity and project timelines.
2. Increased risks of accidents or injuries due to slippery surfaces and reduced visibility.
36. During an unblocking activity, even though the crusher may be switched off: a) what else must be done and b) why?
During unblocking activities, in addition to switching off the crusher, you must also follow these steps:
a) Isolate and de-energize the crusher: This involves disconnecting the power supply and any other energy sources to ensure the crusher cannot be accidentally activated.
b) Lock out and tag out: This involves securely locking and labeling the crusher's controls or power source to prevent unauthorized use and provide clear warning to others.
These additional steps are essential to prioritize safety and prevent any unintentional activation of the crusher, which could result in serious injury or fatality.
37. If setting up to work near a pedestrianised area, state THREE factors that need to be taken into account.
Three factors to consider when setting up to work near a pedestrianised area are:
1. Maintaining a safe distance between construction activities and pedestrians to prevent accidents or injuries.
2. Minimising noise and dust levels to ensure a comfortable environment for pedestrians.
3. Ensuring clear and visible safety signage to direct and warn pedestrians about potential hazards.
38. What are the THREE actions or stages that a crusher operator undertakes during pre-use inspections?
During pre-use inspections, a crusher operator typically undertakes three actions: visual inspection, checking for any damage or wear, and examining the operating controls and safety devices. A visual inspection involves carefully looking for any visible signs of damage or components in need of repair or replacement. Checking for damage or wear involves assessing the condition of key parts such as belts, screens, and bearings. Examining the operating controls and safety devices entails ensuring that all controls are functioning properly and that safety devices, such as emergency stop buttons and guards, are in place and effective.
39. If checking the oil level using a dipstick, why must gloves be worn?
Wearing gloves is important when checking the oil level using a dipstick because it helps to protect your hands and skin from any potential contact with the hot engine components and oils that can cause burns and irritations. Additionally, gloves can provide a better grip on the dipstick, making it easier to handle and avoid dropping it inside the engine. Overall, it is a safety precaution to ensure your well-being and prevent any accidents or injuries.
40. Name FIVE possible dangers to health if operating the crusher from the platform.
1. Noise exposure: Operating the crusher from the platform can expose workers to high noise levels, which can lead to hearing damage if proper hearing protection is not used.
2. Dust inhalation: Crushing operations generate dust, and working from the platform without appropriate respiratory protection can result in inhalation of harmful particulates that can cause respiratory issues and long-term health problems.
3. Falling objects: Working from the crusher platform puts workers at risk of being struck by falling objects, such as large rocks or equipment, if proper safety precautions like wearing hard hats and using protective barriers are not in place.
4. Repetitive strain injuries: Continuous operation of the crusher from the platform can subject the operator to repetitive motions, increasing the risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders if adequate ergonomics measures are not implemented.
5. Electrical hazards: The crusher's electrical components pose a risk when operated from the platform, as workers can be exposed to electrical shocks or contacts if precautions like wearing proper electrical safety equipment and isolating power sources are not followed.
41. For mobile crushers, when MUST a banksman/signaller be used before moving a mobile crusher?
A banksman/signaller should be used before moving a mobile crusher if there are blind spots or restricted visibility, if manoeuvring involves a risk to people or property, or if there is a need for precise positioning. It is important to ensure the safety of all workers and prevent accidents during the movement of mobile crushers. A trained banksman/signaller can assist in safely guiding the machine, maintaining clear communication, and identifying potential hazards.
42. What are the requirements for the ramps that are to be used by loading shovels loading the crusher?
The ramps used for loading shovels onto the crusher must meet certain requirements. Firstly, they should be stable and strong enough to bear the weight of the shovels and the loads they carry. They should also have a suitable gradient to ensure safe access and smooth operation. The ramps should be sufficiently wide to accommodate the shovels and allow for maneuverability. Additionally, non-slip surfaces are essential to prevent accidents. It is crucial to comply with relevant safety regulations and consult with professionals to ensure compliance and optimum performance of the ramps.
43. What problems and hazards can soft ground cause when travelling a mobile unit across a site?
Soft ground can cause a range of problems and hazards for mobile units. First, there is the risk of ground instability, as the soft ground may not be able to support the weight of the unit properly. This can lead to sinking or tilting, putting the unit and its occupants at risk. Second, the soft ground can make it difficult to maneuver the unit, increasing the chances of accidents or getting stuck. Finally, the soft ground may also hinder access for emergency services or other vehicles, impacting safety. It is crucial to assess ground conditions and take appropriate measures to mitigate these risks.
44. What are the possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations?
Possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations in the UK construction industry can include fines, imprisonment, or both. The severity of the consequences can vary depending on the nature and extent of the non-compliance. It is crucial to prioritize adherence to regulations to ensure legal compliance, maintain a safe working environment, and avoid potential penalties. Regular monitoring, training, and implementing appropriate health and safety measures can help mitigate these risks and prevent prosecution.
45. A previous, traditional method of clearing blockages was the use of a wedge or mouse. Explain why this method must not be used.
The use of wedges or mice to clear blockages is not recommended due to safety concerns. This method involves inserting objects into the crusher, which can be hazardous if not done properly. There is a risk of objects becoming projectiles or causing damage to the crusher. Additionally, using this method may not effectively clear the blockage and can potentially create more problems. It is recommended to use safer and more efficient methods, such as using mechanical tools or contacting a professional to handle blockage issues. Safety should always be the top priority in construction operations.
46. Why should the engine speed be set to the manufacturer's recommendations on magnet-equipped machines?
The engine speed should be set to the manufacturer's recommendations on magnet-equipped machines to ensure proper performance and prevent potential damage. The manufacturer's recommendations take into account various factors such as engine capacity, load capacity, and magnet specifications. Following these recommendations helps optimize the operational efficiency and lifespan of the machine. Neglecting to set the engine speed as per the manufacturer's guidelines can lead to excessive wear and tear, decreased productivity, increased fuel consumption, and potential malfunctions. It is essential to adhere to the manufacturer's instructions for the smooth and safe operation of magnet-equipped machines.
47. Name FOUR possible causes for blockages in crushers.
Four possible causes for blockages in crushers can include:
1. Oversized materials or foreign objects getting stuck in the crusher.
2. Excessive feeding, leading to the crusher being overwhelmed and causing a blockage.
3. Insufficient maintenance or cleaning, resulting in build-up of material or debris in the crusher.
4. Mechanical failures or issues with the crusher's components, such as worn out or damaged parts.
48. Why are plant operators generally regarded as 'safety-critical' workers?
Plant operators in the construction industry are considered 'safety-critical' because their role involves operating heavy machinery and equipment that can pose serious risks if not handled properly. They are responsible for the safe operation of machinery and ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations. Any lapses in their judgment or attention to safety protocols can have severe consequences, including accidents, injuries, and even fatalities. Due to the potential hazards involved, plant operators must have the necessary skills, training, and experience to prioritize safety and minimize the associated risks.
49. When using water suppression, where should the water be applied?
Water should be applied directly at the point where the dust is being generated, such as the crushing area of the crusher. This helps to control and reduce the amount of dust released into the air during the crushing process.
50. What FOUR steps should initially be taken should a crusher be blocked before remedial work starts?
1. Firstly, ensure that all power to the crusher is turned off to prevent any accidents or injuries from occurring during the unblocking process.
2. Next, visually inspect the crusher to identify the source of the blockage. This could be caused by oversized material or any other debris that may have accumulated.
3. Once the source of the blockage is identified, use appropriate tools to remove the material causing the blockage. This may involve manual removal or using machinery depending on the size and type of blockage.
4. Finally, after the blockage has been cleared, perform a thorough inspection of the crusher to ensure that all components are in proper working condition before restarting the crusher.
Remember to always follow proper safety protocols and seek professional assistance if needed during the unblocking process.
51. What is the definition of, or how can a hazard be described?
A hazard in construction refers to anything with the potential to cause harm or injury. It can be described as a condition or a set of circumstances that may lead to accidents or ill health. Hazards can be physical (e.g. a slippery surface) or chemical (e.g. exposure to hazardous substances). They can also be related to activities, equipment, or work environment. Identifying and addressing hazards is crucial to ensure a safe working environment and reduce the risk of accidents. Risk assessments are commonly conducted to identify hazards and implement appropriate measures to control and manage them.
52. Describe ONE method of how to adjust a cone-type crusher to produce the desired aggregate size.
To adjust a cone-type crusher and achieve the desired aggregate size, you can change the eccentric throw. This can be done by adjusting the position of the eccentric bushing or by using the hydraulic system, if the crusher is equipped with one. By changing the eccentric throw, you can increase or decrease the distance between the mantle and the concave, which affects the size of the crushed material. Adjusting the eccentric throw allows you to fine-tune the crusher to meet your desired aggregate size.
53. What is the purpose of the sizing bars on the crusher feed?
The sizing bars on the crusher feed are used to regulate the size of the material being fed into the crusher. They ensure that only material of a certain size passes through, preventing oversized or undersized pieces from entering the crusher. This helps improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the crushing process by ensuring that the crusher operates with the desired feed size.
54. Using the Operator's Manual, state the procedure for adjusting conveyor belt tension. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
To adjust conveyor belt tension, refer to the Operator's Manual specific to the machine being used. The manual will provide detailed instructions on how to adjust the tension, as different machines may have different procedures. Make sure the Operator's Manual is accessible for reference during the adjustment process.
55. Where should the crusher's Operator's Manual be kept and why?
The crusher's Operator's Manual should be kept in a designated location near the crusher for easy access. It is crucial to have the manual readily available for the operator to consult. It provides important information on the safe operation and maintenance of the crusher, helping to ensure compliance with health and safety regulations. Additionally, the manual contains important troubleshooting and troubleshooting tips that can assist the operator in identifying and resolving issues that may arise during operation.
56. Why should a crusher be re-fuelled at the end of the day?
A crusher should be re-fuelled at the end of the day to ensure it has sufficient fuel for the next day's operations. Running out of fuel during work hours can cause delays and disrupt productivity. Refuelling at the end of the day helps to avoid such issues and ensures that the crusher is ready for use in the morning. Additionally, proper maintenance and care of equipment, such as refuelling, can prevent damage and extend its lifespan.
57. Name THREE requirements of the Noise at Work Act 1994 that apply to crusher operations.
The Noise at Work Act 1994 requires employers to assess and control noise exposure. Three requirements are:
1. Conducting a noise assessment to identify noise levels generated by crushers.
2. Implementing measures to reduce noise, such as using quieter machinery or providing hearing protection.
3. Providing information, instruction, and training to employees on risks related to noise exposure and the use of protective measures.
58. What is the purpose of a risk assessment?
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify and evaluate potential hazards and risks in a construction project. It helps to prevent accidents, injuries, and damage by understanding the potential risks and implementing control measures. A risk assessment is crucial in ensuring the safety of workers and the public, complying with health and safety regulations, and managing project risks effectively. It involves assessing the likelihood and severity of risks, determining who may be at risk, and taking appropriate actions to eliminate or reduce those risks. Ultimately, a risk assessment helps in creating a safer working environment and avoiding potential harm.
59. The crusher operator has been asked to drive a mobile crusher onto a transporter/trailer. a) Who is responsible for the loading operations and b) state FOUR actions to be considered by the operator before loading commences.
a) The responsibility for loading operations lies with the crusher operator.
b) Before loading commences, the operator should consider the following four actions:
1. Ensure that the mobile crusher is in proper working condition.
2. Confirm that the transporter/trailer is stable and appropriate for the load.
3. Check that all safety measures, such as securing the crusher and properly connecting the trailer, are in place.
4. Conduct a visual inspection to verify that the crusher is aligned correctly with the trailer and that there are no obstructions or hazards in the loading area.
60. If radios are to be used during the crushing operations, what FOUR actions and checks must be made by the loading and crusher operators before use?
Before using radios during the crushing operations, the loading and crusher operators must perform these FOUR actions and checks:
1. Ensure that the radios are in proper working condition (e.g., batteries are charged, signals are strong).
2. Verify that the radios are set to the correct frequency to avoid interference.
3. Make sure all necessary communication channels are clear and established.
4. Confirm that both operators understand the radio protocols and procedures to ensure effective communication. It is crucial for the operators to follow these steps to maintain efficient and safe communication while operating the crushers.
61. When is it permitted to enter the crushing chamber area?
Entering the crushing chamber area is only permitted after the crusher has been turned off, power has been disconnected, and all potential hazards have been eliminated. It is essential to follow safety protocols and procedures recommended by the manufacturer and any applicable regulations. Additionally, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and receiving training on safe operating practices is crucial. Always refer to the crusher's instruction manual and consult with experts to ensure compliance with safety regulations.
62. Name THREE ways that a plant operator can contribute in ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor.
A plant operator can contribute to ensuring repeat business with a client or principal contractor in three ways:
1. By consistently demonstrating high levels of professionalism, efficiency, and adherence to health and safety regulations while operating the plant equipment.
2. By maintaining open and clear communication with the client or contractor, ensuring that any concerns, issues, or potential improvements are promptly addressed.
3. By actively participating in ongoing training and development programs, staying up to date with industry best practices and advancements, and continuously seeking ways to improve performance and efficiency.
63. What are the requirements for the standing for loading excavators?
The requirements for safely standing while loading excavators include wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as a hard hat and high-visibility vest, and using a stable and level surface to stand on. Maintain a safe distance from the edge of the excavator and ensure there are no obstacles or hazards nearby. Follow the equipment manufacturer's instructions and any site-specific safety guidelines. Regularly inspect the excavator for any defects or malfunctions that could pose a safety risk. Always prioritize your personal safety and follow industry best practices.
64. If a trench has a depth of 2 metres: a) What is the minimum distance to maintain from the edge of the trench when forming stockpiles and b) explain why?
a) The minimum distance to maintain from the edge of the trench when forming stockpiles is 1 meter.
b) This distance is required to ensure stability and safety. Maintaining a minimum distance from the edge of the trench helps prevent accidental collapse or damage to the trench walls. Additionally, it reduces the risk of workers or equipment falling into the trench. Following this practice is crucial to promote a safe working environment and minimize the potential for accidents or injuries.