1. What is regarded as the danger or hazard zone during a lifting operation?
The danger or hazard zone during a lifting operation is the area directly around the load and the lifting equipment. It includes the space above, below, and alongside the load. People and structures within this zone are at risk of being hit, caught, or crushed. It is important to establish exclusion zones to keep unauthorized personnel out and ensure clear communication between the slinger/signaller and the crane operator. Adequate training and knowledge of safe working distances are essential to prevent accidents and injuries.
2. What needs to be inspected on a quick-hitch coupler of an excavator if attaching lifting accessories for the lifting of slung loads?
When attaching lifting accessories to a quick-hitch coupler of an excavator, you should inspect the following:
1. Ensure that the quick-hitch coupler is compatible with the lifting accessories and slung loads.
2. Examine the quick-hitch coupler for any visible damage, such as cracks or wear.
3. Check that the coupler's locking mechanism is functioning correctly to secure the lifting accessories.
4. Inspect the lifting accessories themselves for damage, wear, or any defects that may compromise their safety.
It is essential to carry out these inspections to ensure the safety and integrity of the lifting operation.
3. Suspended loads with a large surface area need additional care for what reason?
Suspended loads with large surface areas require extra caution because they can be affected by wind, causing instability and potential hazards. Additionally, the larger surface area increases the risk of the load colliding with obstacles or people. Proper attention and control are essential to ensure that the load remains secure and balanced during pick and carry operations.
4. Travelling with extra-long loads can be more hazardous for what reason?
Travelling with extra-long loads can be more hazardous due to the increased risk of instability and reduced maneuverability. The longer the load, the higher the chance of it swinging or shifting during transportation, potentially causing accidents or collisions. Moreover, longer loads often require wider turns and may encroach onto adjacent lanes, increasing the likelihood of accidents with other vehicles. It is therefore crucial to exercise extra caution and employ appropriate techniques when transporting extended loads to minimize these risks.
5. When a suspended load is being travelled, in what position should the load be situated?
When a suspended load is being moved, it should be positioned directly underneath the lifting point. This ensures stability and reduces the risk of the load swinging or becoming uncontrolled during travel. By keeping the load in the correct position, the slinger/signaller can help maintain balance and control, promoting safety on the construction site.
6. Name FIVE proximity hazards which could affect a lifting operation.
1. Overhead power lines: Ensure the lifting operation does not come into contact with electrical cables that may cause electric shock or electrocution.
2. Obstacles: Be aware of any buildings, structures, or objects in the surroundings that could interfere with the lifting operation or cause collisions.
3. Uneven or unstable ground: Assess the ground conditions to prevent potential instability or sinking of the lifting equipment during the operation.
4. Pedestrians and workers: Take into account the presence of people in the vicinity and establish measures to ensure their safety during the lifting operation.
5. Weather conditions: Consider factors such as wind, rain, or snow that could impact the stability and control of the lifting equipment during the operation.
7. When working with non-hoist rope lifting equipment e.g. excavator, forklift etc. just before going to attach or disconnect a load, a) what action should the slinger/signaller undertake, b) what action should the machine operator undertake and c) explain why?
a) The slinger/signaller should give clear signals to ensure safe attachment or disconnection of the load.
b) The machine operator should wait for the clear signal from the slinger/signaller before proceeding to attach or disconnect the load.
c) This is important to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of all personnel involved. Clear signals allow for effective communication between the slinger/signaller and the machine operator, minimizing the risk of mishaps or injuries. Safety should always be the top priority in lifting operations.
8. Before guiding and assisting the movement of mobile lifting equipment that is being repositioned to carry out a new lifting operation a) what should the marshaller/signaller ensure and b) with whom?
a) The marshaller/signaller should ensure that the mobile lifting equipment is properly inspected and deemed safe for operation before guiding its movement for pick and carry duties. This includes checking essential components, such as brakes, steering, lights, and warning devices.
b) The marshaller/signaller should coordinate with the operator of the mobile lifting equipment and any other relevant personnel involved in the lifting operation. They should clearly communicate instructions, including the intended path of travel, potential hazards, and any relevant safety precautions.
9. State the possible effect on an item of lifting equipment if it is positioned on a slope and lifts a load?
Positioning lifting equipment on a slope while lifting a load can have several possible effects. These might include instability, loss of control, and potential damage to the equipment or load. The slope can cause the equipment to become unbalanced or tip over, putting the operator and others at risk. Incorrect positioning can also affect the load's stability, increasing the likelihood of it shifting or falling. Additionally, the strain on the lifting equipment and its components may increase due to the uneven weight distribution caused by the slope. Regular inspections and adherence to safe operating procedures are vital in managing these risks.
10. a) What is the purpose of a Method Statement, lift plan and b) what is required of the slinger/signaller?
a) The purpose of a Method Statement is to outline the planned sequence of work, including the equipment and procedures to be used, ensuring that the task is carried out safely and efficiently. A lift plan is a detailed document that outlines the specific steps and precautions required for lifting operations. Both documents are crucial for ensuring proper planning and execution of lifting operations in the construction industry.
b) The slinger/signaller is responsible for the safe and efficient movement of loads during lifting operations. Their duties include signaling to the crane operator, ensuring clear communication, attaching and detaching loads correctly, and maintaining a safe working environment. The slinger/signaller must be trained and competent, follow the lift plan, and have a good understanding of the equipment and lifting operations.
11. What TWO things should be considered when selecting a place of refuge or safety within a designated plant manoeuvring area?
The two things to consider when selecting a place of refuge within a designated plant manoeuvring area are: proximity to the area where the plant operates and visibility of the plant operator. It should be close enough to reach quickly in case of an emergency, and also provide a clear line of sight to the operator so that they can communicate and signal effectively. The place of refuge should enhance both safety and communication between the slinger/signaller and the plant operator during pick and carry duties.
12. Prior to undertaking signalling duties for pick-and-carry duties, describe FOUR actions to be made by the slinger/signaller to ensure their own safety?
To ensure safety during pick-and-carry duties, the slinger/signaller should take four actions:
1. Verify that all relevant training and qualifications are up to date.
2. Assess the lifting area for potential hazards and ensure it is clear of obstacles.
3. Communicate with the crane operator using clear and standardized hand signals before any lifting operation.
4. Maintain a safe distance from the load and the crane, ensuring a clear line of sight and staying out of the swing area.
13. When undertaking a pick-and-carry duty, explain why turning, even gently, with a suspended load can cause an effect on the machine.
When turning with a suspended load during pick-and-carry duties, it can cause undue stress on the machine due to the combined forces of the load and the centrifugal force of turning. This can result in instability of the machine and may lead to tipping or toppling over. Additionally, the uneven weight distribution caused by turning can put additional strain on the machine's components such as the axles, tires, and suspension system, potentially leading to damage or failure. It is crucial to avoid turning with a suspended load to maintain machine stability and prevent accidents.
14. During the lifting operation, part of the task cannot be carried out as detailed in the lift plan. a) What initially must happen to the lifting operation and b) who authorises any changes?
a) If part of the task cannot be carried out as detailed in the lift plan, the lifting operation should be stopped immediately.
b) Changes to the lifting operation should only be authorized by a competent person with the necessary authority, such as a supervisor or a person in charge of the lifting operation.
15. When can barriers/signs marking a lifting operations working area be removed?
The removal of barriers/signs marking a lifting operations working area can be done once the lifting operations have concluded and it is deemed safe to do so. The specific timing will depend on the nature of the lifting operation, site conditions, and any relevant risk assessments. It is important to follow established procedures and communicate with other personnel involved to ensure safe removal of the barriers/signs.
16. If a load is being travelled or slewed, what TWO possible factors should the slinger take into account?
When performing pick and carry duties, the slinger/signaller must consider the load's travel or slew. Two factors to take into account are the load's weight and its stability during movement. These factors are crucial to ensure safe and efficient lifting operations.
17. List SIX factors that must be taken into account by both the machine operator and slinger/signaller if a suspended load is to be travelled across a site.
1. Communication: Effective communication between the machine operator and slinger/signaller is crucial to ensure safe travel of the suspended load across the site.
2. Load Weight and Stability: Both the operator and slinger/signaller must consider the weight and stability of the load to prevent any imbalance or potential hazards during travel.
3. Route Planning: Careful consideration should be given to the route to be taken, identifying potential obstacles, uneven surfaces, and overhead obstructions that may pose a risk to the suspended load.
4. Ground Conditions: Checking and evaluating ground conditions such as stability, levelness, and load-bearing capacity is important to prevent accidents or damage during travel.
5. PPE and Safety Measures: Both the machine operator and slinger/signaller should ensure they are wearing the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and implement all necessary safety measures for the safe travel of the load.
6. Site Management: Collaborating with site managers to enforce safety protocols, provide clear instructions, and ensure proper coordination and control of personnel and vehicles can help prevent accidents and maintain a safe working environment during travel.
18. If guiding an item of lifting equipment undertaking pick-and-carry duties near an open trench which has a depth of 2 metres, what is the minimum distance to maintain?
When guiding lifting equipment undertaking pick-and-carry duties near an open trench with a depth of 2 metres, the minimum distance to maintain is 3 metres. This is to ensure the safety of personnel involved and to prevent accidents or the risk of falling into the trench. Always prioritize safety and adhere to regulations and guidelines in the construction industry.
19. What should the slinger confirm with the lifting equipment operator regarding the audible alarm (if fitted) when setting up to carry out a lift ?
The slinger should confirm with the lifting equipment operator if the audible alarm is fitted and functioning properly before setting up to carry out a lift.
20. What TWO checks need to be made before a load is to be lowered into a trench or excavation?
Before lowering a load into a trench or excavation, two important checks need to be made. Firstly, the condition of the trench/excavation must be evaluated to ensure it is safe and structurally sound to support the load. Secondly, the load itself should be assessed to verify its stability, weight, and suitability for the intended purpose. These essential checks ensure that both the trench/excavation and the load meet the necessary safety standards before lowering can proceed.
21. Name the FOUR stages of the hierarchy of control for vehicle/plant manoeuvring operations
The four stages of the hierarchy of control for vehicle/plant manoeuvring operations are: (1. Elimination - remove the need for vehicle/plant manoeuvring if possible, (2. Substitution - replace vehicle/plant manoeuvring with a safer alternative if feasible, (3. Engineering controls - implement physical measures to reduce risk during vehicle/plant manoeuvring, and (4. Administrative controls - establish safe work procedures, training, and supervision for vehicle/plant manoeuvring operations.
22. Before being guided by a signaller for a pick and carry duty, what instruction should be given to the machine operator by the signaller if they lose sight of each other?
The signaller should instruct the machine operator to stop immediately if they lose sight of each other during pick and carry duties.
23. Explain THREE factors that could affect the integrity of a lifting operations exclusion zone and safe movements within the zone.
Three factors that could affect the integrity of a lifting operations exclusion zone and safe movements within the zone are:
1. Unsuitable ground conditions: Unstable or soft ground can compromise the stability of the lifting equipment and hinder safe movements within the zone.
2. Restricted visibility: Poor visibility due to bad weather conditions or obstructions can limit the ability of the slinger/signaller to safely guide the lifting equipment and avoid potential hazards.
3. Inadequate communication: Lack of clear communication between the slinger/signaller, lifting operator, and other personnel involved can lead to misunderstandings or mistakes, compromising the integrity of the exclusion zone and safe movements within it.
24. a) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from overhead electricity lines and b) explain why a distance should be kept?
a) The minimum distances that plant and machinery must be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by health and safety regulations, such as the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 and industry guidelines. These regulations take into account the voltage of the lines and the risk of contact or arcing.
b) A distance should be kept between plant and machinery and overhead electricity lines to prevent the risk of electrical shock, electrocution, or arcing. Contact with high-voltage electricity can lead to serious injury or death. By maintaining a safe distance, the risk of accidents and potential damage to the equipment, lines, or surrounding infrastructure is reduced.