1. Which parts of the lorry loader is the radius (for lifting) measured from?
The radius for lifting on a lorry loader is typically measured from the center of the slewing ring or pivot point. This is where the boom of the lorry loader is attached and rotates. The lifting capacity and outreach of the lorry loader depend on the radius measurement from this central point.
2. If using a lorry loader from a fixed-position operating station, what should be ensured for the safety of the operator?
When using a lorry loader from a fixed-position operating station, ensure the operator's safety by:
1. Providing proper training on the safe operation of the equipment.
2. Ensuring the operating station is stable and secure.
3. Conducting regular inspections of the equipment for any faults or defects.
4. Providing adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety harnesses or helmets.
5. Implementing clear communication channels between the operator and other personnel.
6. Adhering to all relevant health and safety regulations and guidelines.
7. Periodically reviewing and updating the operator's training and certifications.
3. a) When is a trial lift carried out and b) name THREE checks to be made?
a) A trial lift is typically carried out before the actual operation to assess the lifting equipment's capabilities, confirm its suitability, and identify potential risks or issues.
b) Three checks to be made include:
1. ensuring the load is within the lifting equipment's safe working load limits,
2. inspecting the lifting equipment for any visible damage or defects, and
3. verifying that the lifting equipment is securely attached and in proper working condition.
4. a) What is the minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling the lorry loader on a site and b) explain why?
a) The minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a lorry loader on a site is typically specified in the site's health and safety guidelines or regulations. The distance can vary depending on the specific circumstances and risks involved. It is important to consult the relevant safety documentation or seek advice from site management to ensure compliance.
b) The reason for maintaining a minimum distance near open trenches when travelling with a lorry loader is to reduce the risk of accidents, injuries, or the collapse of the trench. The weight and movement of the lorry loader near the trench can potentially destabilize the ground or cause the trench walls to collapse, endangering workers and equipment. By keeping a safe distance, the risk of accidents can be minimized.
5. If fitting an extension to the lorry loader, why is it important that the manufacturer's procedures are followed precisely?
Following the manufacturer's procedures precisely is important when fitting an extension to a lorry loader because it ensures that the extension is installed correctly and safely. The manufacturer's procedures are designed based on their expertise and knowledge of the specific equipment. They provide step-by-step instructions and guidelines to ensure the extension is compatible, properly fitted, and does not compromise the lorry loader's performance or structural integrity. Deviating from these procedures could result in errors, accidents, or damage to the equipment.
6. On a construction site with a hard hat requirement, in what situation does a hard hat NOT normally need to be worn on site when using a lorry loader?
A hard hat is generally not required when operating a lorry loader on a construction site, as long as there is no risk of objects falling from above. However, it is advisable to wear a hard hat at all times on a construction site for general safety reasons. Always follow the specific guidelines and requirements set by the site management or safety regulations.
7. a) What is meant by the lifting capacity of the lorry loader and b) who determines it?
a) The lifting capacity of a lorry loader refers to the maximum weight it can lift safely. It is measured in metric tonnes or kilograms.
b) The manufacturer determines the lifting capacity of a lorry loader based on its design, structural strength, and stability. They also consider factors like the reach of the loader and the configuration of the load. The lifting capacity is usually specified in the manufacturer's documentation and should be adhered to for safe operation.
8. List SIX typical subject areas that should be covered in a site induction.
1. Health and safety procedures: ensuring workers are aware of emergency procedures, hazard identification, and reporting protocols.
2. Site-specific information: discussing site layout, access points, designated areas, and any temporary site arrangements.
3. Work activities: providing an overview of the tasks to be carried out on-site, including sequencing, equipment used, and any specific work instructions.
4. Personal protective equipment (PPE): outlining the PPE requirements for the site, such as hard hats, safety boots, high-visibility clothing, and respiratory protection.
5. Site rules and regulations: informing workers of any site-specific rules, including noise restrictions, smoking areas, and vehicle movement guidelines.
6. Welfare facilities: informing workers about welfare facilities available on-site, such as toilets, drinking water, rest areas, and first aid provisions.
9. For vehicles that normally exceed 3 metres in height, what type of warning device must be fitted as a minimum and where?
A lorry loader must have a warning device known as a flashing beacon fitted as a minimum. It should be mounted on top of the vehicle, above the highest point of the loaded material. This is required for vehicles that typically exceed 3 metres in height.
10. Name TWO things that happen if a load is not lifted vertically.
Two things that can happen if a load is not lifted vertically are:
1. The load may become unstable and unbalanced, increasing the risk of it tipping over or shifting during transport.
2. The load may exert uneven pressure on the lifting equipment, potentially causing damage or even structural failure.
11. What is the main purpose of the Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI)?
The Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI) on a lorry loader is designed to provide an indication of the weight being lifted by the machine. Its main purpose is to prevent overloading, which helps maintain safety and prolongs the life of the equipment. The RCI is typically equipped with alarms or warning systems that alert the operator if the weight being lifted exceeds the safe working load. This helps to minimize the risk of accidents and damage to the vehicle or the load being lifted.
12. Why are those who operate lorry loaders generally regarded as 'safety-critical' workers?
Operators of lorry loaders are considered "safety-critical" because their responsibilities involve handling heavy loads with the potential to cause injury or damage. Their role requires skill, knowledge, and constant vigilance to ensure safe operation. A lapse in attention or incorrect use of the equipment can lead to accidents, putting people's lives and property at risk. Thus, it is crucial for lorry loader operators to be highly trained, follow strict safety protocols, and maintain a keen focus on their surroundings to prevent accidents and maintain a safe work environment.
13. Prior to placing loads on to the vehicle bed, explain FOUR items to be taken into account.
Before placing loads onto the lorry loader, consider:
1. Weight: Ensure the load does not exceed the vehicle's weight limit to prevent overloading.
2. Stability: Confirm that the load is secure and balanced to prevent shifting during transportation, which can lead to accidents.
3. Height: Take note of the load's height to ensure it does not exceed any height restrictions or pose a risk to overhead obstacles.
4. Load distribution: Make sure the load is evenly distributed across the vehicle bed to maintain stability and prevent damage to the lorry loader.
14. If setting up to work near a bank, what is the recommended minimum distance between the stabilisers and the top of the bank?
The recommended minimum distance between the stabilisers and the top of the bank when working near a bank would depend on various factors such as the size and weight of the lorry loader, slope gradient of the bank, soil conditions, etc. It is best to consult the manufacturer's guidelines or seek advice from a qualified engineer to determine the safe working distance specific to your situation.
15. a) Which part of the lorry loader applies loading or pressure to the ground and b) name TWO ways that pressure can be reduced.
a) The part of the lorry loader that applies loading or pressure to the ground is the outriggers or stabilizers.
b) Two ways to reduce pressure are:
1. Increasing the surface area of the outriggers or stabilizers by utilizing outrigger pads or mats.
2. Distributing the load over a larger area by using spreader plates or load distribution plates.
16. Name THREE ways in which an operator can minimise their impact upon the environment whilst using the machine.
1. Efficient use of fuel: Operators can reduce their impact on the environment by ensuring that the lorry loader is properly maintained, using fuel-efficient driving techniques, and avoiding unnecessary engine idling.
2. Recycling and waste management: Operators should follow protocols for waste segregation and disposal, ensuring that recyclable materials are separated and disposed of properly. This helps to reduce the amount of waste going to landfills and promotes a more sustainable approach.
3. Noise reduction: Operators can minimize noise pollution by adhering to noise control guidelines and using quieter equipment when possible. This helps to reduce disturbance to nearby residents and wildlife.
17. If a load is slewed at too high a speed for its size, what TWO factors must the operator take into account?
When operating a lorry loader, the operator must consider two factors when the load is slewed at a high speed:
1. Stability: Higher speed can compromise the stability of the load, increasing the risk of tipping or shifting. The operator should assess the load's stability and adjust the speed accordingly to ensure safe handling.
2. Control: Faster slew speed makes it more challenging to maintain accurate control over the load's movement. The operator needs to be cautious and anticipate the load's behaviour, making precise adjustments to prevent sudden movements or accidents.
18. Name THREE possible underground hazards which may affect the stability of the vehicle during lifting operations.
Three possible underground hazards that may affect the stability of a lorry loader during lifting operations are: soft ground or weak soil, underground voids or cavities, and underground utilities such as pipes or cables. These hazards can cause the ground to collapse, compromise the stability of the vehicle, and potentially result in accidents or damage. It is essential to conduct proper ground investigations and surveys to identify and mitigate these hazards before commencing lifting operations.
19. Name THREE ways in which wind speed can affect the lifting operation.
Three ways in which wind speed can affect the lifting operation are:
1. Increased wind speed can cause instability by creating strong gusts that can push or shake the load, making it difficult to control and causing potential damage or accidents.
2. Higher wind speed can increase the aerodynamic forces acting on the load and the lifting equipment, making it harder to maintain control and balance.
3. Extreme wind conditions may exceed the equipment's safe operating limits, requiring the lifting operation to be postponed or halted to ensure the safety of personnel and the surrounding environment.
20. If the words STOP NOW are given to the crane operator by radio during the lift, what action must the operator take?
If the crane operator receives the words "STOP NOW" via radio during the lift, they must immediately cease the lifting operation and bring the load to a complete halt.
21. During the lifting operation, part of the task cannot be carried out as detailed in the lift plan. a) What initially must happen to the lifting operation and b) who authorises any changes?
a) If part of the task described in the lift plan cannot be completed as planned, the lifting operation must be halted immediately for a reassessment of the situation.
b) Any changes to the lift plan must be authorized by the appointed person, who is responsible for overseeing the lifting operations and ensuring that they are carried out safely and efficiently.
It is crucial to maintain safety during lifting operations and seek proper authorization for any changes to the plan to mitigate any potential risks.
22. State the functions or job role of the following personnel: a) appointed person, b) crane supervisor, c) slinger, d) signaller.
a) The appointed person is responsible for planning and coordinating lifting operations, ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations and assessing risks. They are the point of contact for the client and oversee all aspects of the lifting operation.
b) The crane supervisor oversees the safe operation of the crane. They ensure that the crane is set up correctly, the load is being lifted properly, and that all safety procedures are followed. They are responsible for directing the crane operator and ensuring the safety of the lift.
c) A slinger is responsible for attaching and detaching loads to the crane, and guiding the crane operator during lifting operations. They use hand signals or communication devices to direct the crane operator and ensure the load is lifted and positioned safely.
d) A signaller is responsible for communicating with the crane operator and directing movements of the crane and load. They use agreed signals or communication devices to relay instructions to the crane operator and maintain clear communication throughout the lifting operation.
23. After unloading brick and block type material from the vehicle bed, what action should the operator carry out before rejoining the public highway?
Before rejoining the public highway, the lorry loader operator should ensure the vehicle bed is clear of any loose materials or debris. They should also secure any equipment, such as straps or chains, that were used in the unloading process. It is recommended to do a visual inspection of the vehicle to ensure it is in a safe and roadworthy condition. Additionally, the operator should check their mirrors and blind spots to ensure it is safe to merge onto the highway.
24. If setting up to lift loads in a pedestrianised area, state THREE factors that need to be taken into account.
When setting up a lorry loader to lift loads in a pedestrianised area, there are three factors to consider:
1. Safety measures: Ensure that proper barriers and signage are in place to separate pedestrians from the lifting operation and prevent accidents.
2. Noise and disturbance: Minimize the impact on nearby residents and businesses by selecting quieter equipment or scheduling the lifting during less busy periods.
3. Access and obstruction: Plan for convenient access to the area and consider the potential obstruction to other vehicles or pedestrians during the lifting operations.
25. The safe working load or working load limit (SWL/WLL) of a multi-leg chain sling only applies in what TWO conditions or configuration?
The safe working load or working load limit (SWL/WLL) of a multi-leg chain sling only applies in two conditions or configurations: when the legs are used at a specific angle and when the load is evenly distributed across all legs.
26. a) What is meant by a 'knuckle-boom' crane and b) what advantage do they have over straight boom cranes?
a) A 'knuckle-boom' crane is a type of hydraulic crane that features multiple articulated joints in its boom, allowing it to fold and unfold like a knuckle. This design enables the crane to reach areas that may be difficult to access with a straight boom crane.
b) The advantage of a knuckle-boom crane over a straight boom crane is its flexibility and versatility. The ability to fold and unfold allows for easier transportation, and the articulating joints provide greater maneuverability and access in tight spaces. Additionally, the knuckle-boom design allows for more precise control and placement of loads, increasing efficiency and safety on construction sites.
27. Name FOUR attachments that may be fitted to a lorry loader.
Four common attachments that may be fitted to a lorry loader are:
1. Hook: Used for lifting and transporting loads that have a fitting suitable for hook attachment.
2. Grab: Designed for grabbing and lifting loose materials such as sand, gravel, or debris.
3. Forks: Used to lift and transport pallets or other loads that can be supported by forks.
4. Clamshell bucket: Designed for handling bulk materials such as soil, gravel, or aggregates by scooping and dumping.
These attachments enhance the versatility and functionality of a lorry loader, allowing it to handle a variety of loads efficiently.
28. If using the help of an assistant when the operator has limited visibility of the landing area, what must be ensured if hand signals are to be used?
When using hand signals for a lorry loader in a situation where the operator has limited visibility of the landing area, it is important to ensure that the assistant is in a position where they can be clearly seen by the operator. The assistant should also be trained in the correct hand signals and be easily visible themselves, for example by wearing high-visibility clothing. This ensures effective communication and minimizes the risk of accidents or misunderstandings.
29. a) What is the purpose of a Method Statement and b) what is required of the operator?
a) The purpose of a Method Statement in the context of a Lorry Loader is to outline the planned sequence of activities and procedures to ensure safe and efficient operation. It serves as a documented plan that highlights potential hazards, control measures, and the necessary steps to mitigate risks.
b) The operator of a Lorry Loader must have the appropriate training, competence, and certification to operate the equipment safely. They should also be familiar with the specific Lorry Loader being used, understand the relevant legislation and industry best practices, and adhere to the Method Statement. Regular inspections, maintenance, and reporting of any defects or issues are also required to ensure safe operation.
30. What is the purpose of a risk assessment?
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify and evaluate potential hazards in order to prevent accidents or injuries from occurring. It involves systematically examining work activities, tasks, and equipment to determine the likelihood and severity of any potential harm. By conducting a risk assessment, companies can take appropriate measures to control and manage risks, ensuring a safe working environment for employees. It also helps in complying with legal obligations and promoting a culture of safety in the workplace.
31. If checking the oil level using a dipstick, why must gloves be worn?
Gloves must be worn when checking the oil level using a dipstick to protect your hands from coming into contact with the oil, which can be hot and can also have harmful chemicals. Wearing gloves also helps to prevent dirt and grease from getting on your hands, which can be difficult to clean off. It's a safety precaution and a best practice when working with oil and other potentially hazardous substances.
32. If a load has to be held suspended, what must the operator do?
The operator must ensure that the load is secured properly and that the lorry loader is stable and secure. They should also follow proper lifting procedures, such as using appropriate lifting equipment and maintaining clear communication with other workers.
33. What is the meaning of this hand signal (being demonstrated by the Tester)?
The hand signal being demonstrated by the Tester is for the operation of a lorry loader or a crane mounted on a lorry. It signals the direction in which the boom of the lorry loader should move. Depending on the signal, the boom can be moved up, down, left or right. The specific meaning of the hand signal being demonstrated can vary slightly, so it's important to refer to the relevant guidelines or standards for precise instructions.
34. The operator has to use a new attachment that they are unfamiliar with. What do Regulations (i.e. LOLER 98) and other guidance require the operator to have?
Regulations, namely LOLER 98, and other guidance require the lorry loader operator to possess appropriate training and relevant knowledge to safely operate the new attachment. This includes understanding the equipment's functions, limitations, and any specific risks associated with its use. Additionally, the operator should have received formal instruction and practical training on how to operate and inspect the attachment, as well as understand any necessary adjustments to the operating procedures. It is important for the operator to follow manufacturer's instructions and any additional guidance provided by the employer or competent authority.
35. Where should the Operator's Manual be kept and why?
The Operator's Manual for a lorry loader should be kept with the vehicle at all times. This is for the operator's easy access and reference during the operation of the lorry loader. It provides important information on proper operation, maintenance, and safety procedures. Having the manual readily available ensures that the operator can quickly refer to it whenever needed, helping to prevent errors, promote safe practices, and maintain the proper functioning of the vehicle.
36. What are the possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations?
Possible outcomes of facing prosecution for non-compliance with legislation and regulations can vary depending on the specific circumstances and the severity of the offense. These may include fines, imprisonment, or both. Additionally, there could be damage to reputation, impact on future business opportunities, and potential loss of licenses or permits. It is crucial to ensure compliance with all relevant laws and regulations in order to avoid such consequences. Always consult legal experts and stay updated with requirements to maintain a safe and compliant operation.
37. Prior to travelling the machine on the public highway, describe four items to be taken into account when planning a route.
When planning a route for a lorry loader, consider four important factors:
1. Height and weight restrictions: Ensure that the route can accommodate the height and weight of the machine, including any loads it may be carrying.
2. Road widths and clearances: Confirm that the roads along the route are wide enough to accommodate the lorry loader and provide adequate clearance for safe travel.
3. Bridge and tunnel restrictions: Check for any bridges or tunnels that may have weight or height limitations which could affect the lorry loader's passage.
4. Traffic restrictions and congestion: Consider potential traffic restrictions or areas of congestion along the planned route to minimize delays and ensure efficient journey.
38. When slewing with a load, where should the operator be looking?
When slewing with a load, the operator should primarily be looking in the direction of the slewing movement to ensure safe operation and avoid potential hazards. However, it is also important for the operator to maintain situational awareness of the surrounding area to identify any obstacles or personnel that may pose a danger. Proper training and following established safety procedures is crucial to minimize risks and prevent accidents.
39. What information must be found on the loader's rating plate?
The loader's rating plate should display crucial details, such as the maximum safe working load, the outreach, the angles, and the load moment. It may also include the serial number, manufacturer's information, and any additional specifications like power requirements or recommended maintenance. These details are necessary to ensure safe and efficient operation, as they guide operators in understanding the loader's capabilities and limitations. Consequently, it is essential to refer to the rating plate and follow the provided instructions diligently to prevent accidents and maintain compliance with safety regulations.
40. What are the THREE actions or stages that a lorry-loader operator undertakes during pre-use inspections?
A lorry-loader operator undertakes three actions during pre-use inspections: visually inspecting the lorry loader for any visible defects or damage, checking the fluid levels and ensuring they are at the correct levels, and testing the operation of the lorry loader's safety features and controls to ensure they are working properly.
41. Where the loader crane cannot be folded, e.g. when bucket- or clamshell-equipped, what TWO checks must be carried out before the vehicle re-joins the public highway?
If the loader crane cannot be folded, two checks that must be carried out before the vehicle re-joins the public highway are:
1. Ensuring that the equipment is securely stowed and does not pose any risk or obstruction to other road users.
2. Verifying that all safety features and devices of the loader crane are in proper working condition, such as the load holding and stabilizing systems. These checks are essential to ensure that the vehicle is safe and compliant with road regulations before being driven on the public highway.
42. If the lorry-loader host commercial vehicle is being used on the public highway, the Road Traffic Act applies. a) What type of licence and which classes should the operator hold and b) what is the minimum age allowed?
a) The operator should hold a valid driving licence of appropriate category. The classes required for a lorry-loader would depend on the weight and type of vehicle being operated. It is necessary to consult the Road Traffic Act to determine the specific classes required for a lorry-loader.
b) The minimum age allowed for operating a lorry-loader on the public highway would be determined by the conditions set out in the driving licence. Generally, a minimum age of 18 is required to operate a commercial vehicle, but it is essential to check the licence and relevant regulations for precise information.
43. Name THREE ways that a lorry-loader operator can contribute in ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor.
1. A lorry-loader operator can contribute to ensuring repeat business by consistently demonstrating professionalism and adhering to health and safety regulations. This includes operating the equipment responsibly, maintaining a clean and safe work environment, and communicating effectively with the client and principal contractor.
2. Effective time management is also crucial for a lorry-loader operator to contribute towards repeat business. Being punctual, completing tasks on schedule, and minimizing downtime can help build trust and confidence with the client and principal contractor.
3. Lastly, proactive problem-solving and a proactive approach to identifying and resolving any issues or challenges that may arise during operations can also contribute to repeat business. This demonstrates a commitment to customer satisfaction and can help foster long-term relationships with the client and principal contractor.
44. A lorry loader is working in the vicinity of another crane, encroaching on its operating radius. What actions need to be taken?
When a lorry loader is encroaching on the operating radius of another crane, certain actions should be taken to ensure safety. First, the operators of both machines must communicate and coordinate their activities. They should establish clear operating boundaries and maintain constant awareness of each other's movements. If necessary, one machine may need to pause its operations to allow the other to safely complete its task. Additionally, proper signage and barriers should be in place to warn other workers of the potential hazards. Regular monitoring and supervision can help to prevent accidents and ensure a safe working environment.
45. What checks should be made to the transmitter of a remote-controlled loader before work?
Before operating a remote-controlled loader, it is important to perform the following checks on the transmitter:
1. Verify that the transmitter batteries are fully charged or replaced.
2. Inspect the control buttons or joysticks for any damage or malfunction.
3. Ensure that the antenna of the transmitter is intact and properly connected.
4. Test all the buttons or joysticks to ensure they are responsive and functioning correctly.
5. Check the signal strength indicator to ensure a strong and reliable connection.
6. Verify that the emergency stop button is operational and easily accessible.
Completing these checks will help ensure the reliable and safe operation of the remote-controlled loader.
46. What makes up the total (or gross) weight of a load that is to be lifted?
The total weight of a load that is to be lifted includes the weight of the item being lifted, any attachments or accessories, and any additional materials used for securing the load. It is important to calculate the combined weight accurately to ensure safe lifting operations.
47. Using the Operator's Manual, state the hydraulic tank oil capacity OR oil type. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
Please refer to the Operator's Manual for the specific hydraulic tank oil capacity or oil type required for the lorry loader being used. The manual will provide the necessary information for the candidate.
48. Although not best practice, state the possible effect of lifting a load downhill on a slope.
Lifting a load downhill on a slope can increase the risk of the load moving uncontrollably, causing instability and potential accidents. The downward force created by gravity can amplify the load's momentum, making it harder to control and increasing the risk of it tipping over or causing damage. This practice goes against safety protocols and should be avoided to prevent accidents, injuries, and damage to equipment or property.
49. How can a qualification or card benefit a lorry-loader operator?
Having a qualification or card can benefit a lorry-loader operator in several ways. Firstly, it demonstrates their competence and level of training, which can increase their employability and job prospects. It also shows that they have the necessary knowledge and skills to operate the equipment safely and efficiently, reducing the risk of accidents or damage to property. Additionally, certain qualifications or cards may be required by employers or regulatory bodies, ensuring compliance with industry standards and legal requirements. Overall, having a qualification or card can enhance a lorry-loader operator's professionalism and help them stand out in the industry.
50. Who only can authorise partial stabiliser extensions and b) what is the effect on lifting capacity if partially extending the outriggers?
Only a qualified lorry loader operator with the appropriate training can authorize partial stabilizer extensions. Partially extending the outriggers of a lorry loader can have an impact on its lifting capacity. The lifting capacity decreases when the outriggers are only partially extended, as the outriggers provide stability and support to the crane during operation. It is important to ensure that the manufacturer's guidelines and safety regulations are followed to maintain the safe working limits of the crane when determining stabilizer extensions.
51. What information is needed when estimating the weight of a load?
When estimating the weight of a load for a lorry loader, you need to consider several factors. First, you'll need to know the type of material being loaded, as different materials have different densities and therefore different weights. Second, you'll need to know the volume or quantity of the material being loaded, as this will affect the overall weight. Finally, it's crucial to verify the weight limits set by the lorry loader's manufacturer and any applicable regulations, as exceeding these limits can be dangerous and illegal.
52. During work, the engine starts to overheat. Explain the danger if someone tries to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap.
Attempting to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is overheating can be extremely dangerous. The high pressure and temperature inside the cooling system can cause a sudden release of scalding hot coolant and steam, resulting in serious burns to anyone nearby. The rapid release of pressure can also lead to an explosion and further damage to the engine. It is essential to allow the engine to cool down completely before attempting to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap to avoid these dangers.
53. Give TWO examples of where The Work at Height Regulations may apply to lorry-loader operations.
The Work at Height Regulations may apply to lorry-loader operations when workers are required to climb onto the lorry to secure or remove loads. Additionally, if workers are required to operate the lorry-loader from an elevated position, such as a platform or a crane cabin, the regulations would also be applicable. It is important to ensure compliance with the regulations to maintain the safety of workers and prevent accidents or injuries while working at height.
54. What is meant by centre of gravity, or how is the centre of gravity determined, on a load to be lifted?
The centre of gravity refers to the point where the entire weight of an object is considered to be concentrated. It is important to determine the centre of gravity of a load to be lifted in order to maintain stability and prevent accidents. The centre of gravity can be determined through calculations or by observing the load's balance point when it is at rest. It is crucial to have accurate information about the load's dimensions and weight distribution to determine the centre of gravity correctly.
55. Describe FIVE factors to be taken into account when planning a lift.
When planning a lift using a lorry loader, five important factors to consider are weight of the load, reach required, height restrictions, safety considerations, and the stability of the ground. The weight of the load determines the appropriate lifting capacity of the lorry loader. The reach required determines the length of the boom or jib needed. Height restrictions must be considered to ensure the lorry loader can safely operate without obstruction. Safety considerations involve assessing potential hazards and implementing appropriate measures. Finally, the stability of the ground should be evaluated to ensure it can support both the lorry loader and the load.
56. What are the THREE actions that should be undertaken during pre-use inspections on lifting accessories?
During pre-use inspections of lifting accessories, three actions should be performed: visually inspect the accessory for any damage or defects, check the accessory's load rating and suitability for the intended task, and ensure that any appropriate markings, labels, or identification tags are present and legible.
57. What is the definition of, or how can a hazard be described?
A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm or injury. It can be an object, substance, situation, or activity that poses a threat to health or safety. In the context of a lorry loader, hazards may include working at height, falling objects, equipment malfunction, or improper operation. Proper risk assessment and identification of hazards is crucial to developing appropriate control measures to minimize the risk of accidents or injuries.
58. What THREE main duties of The Health and Safety at Work Act must employees follow?
Employees must follow the three main duties of the Health and Safety at Work Act, which are:
1. taking reasonable care for their own health and safety, as well as that of others who may be affected by their actions.
2. co-operating with their employer regarding health and safety, following instructions and using provided equipment correctly.
3. not interfering with or misusing any equipment or safety measures put in place to safeguard their health and safety. These duties are key for maintaining a safe working environment and preventing accidents or injuries.
59. Name THREE places where the vehicle should NOT be parked after completion of the lifting operation.
After completing a lifting operation, a lorry loader should not be parked in the following places:
1. Prohibited areas - refer to site-specific rules and regulations which may restrict parking in certain zones.
2. Emergency access routes - obstructing these can pose serious safety concerns and hinder emergency response.
3. Pedestrian walkways - blocking these can create hazards and impede the movement of pedestrians, putting their safety at risk.
60. Name FOUR different types or levels of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied (by employers and judicial bodies) to operators of plant who do not comply with, or follow legislation and regulations.
Four different types of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied to operators of plant who do not comply with legislation and regulations are:
1. Verbal warning: Informal communication to address the non-compliance issue and remind the operator of their obligations.
2. Written warning: A documented warning outlining the specific non-compliance and the consequences of further violations.
3. Suspension: Temporarily removing the operator from their duties as a consequence for serious or repeated non-compliance.
4. Termination: Permanent separation from employment due to failure to comply with legislation and regulations, especially in cases of gross negligence or intentional violations.
61. Using the Operator's Manual, state which components may need greasing. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
The Operator's Manual for the lorry loader must be consulted to determine the components that require greasing. It is essential that the manual is readily accessible during the test to provide accurate information on the specific greasing requirements.
62. Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the vehicle, what final action must be carried out?
Engage the parking brake and remove the ignition key.
63. As stamped on lifting accessories, what do the letters SWL signify?
SWL stands for "Safe Working Load." It is the maximum weight capacity that a lifting accessory or equipment is designed and tested to safely handle. It ensures that the equipment is not overloaded, reducing the risk of accidents and damage. The SWL should always be respected to maintain safety and comply with regulations.
64. a) What should be fitted to the hook of a lorry loader and b) why?
a) A hook on a lorry loader should be fitted with a safety latch or a similar device to prevent unintended detachment of the load during lifting operations.
b) This is important for safety reasons, as a properly fitted safety latch provides an additional measure to secure the load and minimize the risk of accidents or injuries caused by load detachment. It helps ensure that the load remains securely attached to the hook throughout the lifting process, reducing the likelihood of falling objects or other hazards.
65. Before re-joining the public highway after completing work, what check must be made to the stabilisers?
Before re-joining the public highway, the stabilisers on the lorry loader must be checked. Specifically, the stabilisers should be visually inspected to ensure they are secure and in the correct position. This is necessary to ensure the stability and safety of the lorry loader while on the road.
66. Give FOUR reasons that may cause the lorry loader to overturn.
1. Excessive load: If the lorry loader is carrying a load that exceeds its maximum capacity, it can lead to instability and cause the vehicle to overturn.
2. Uneven ground conditions: Operating the lorry loader on uneven or unstable ground can result in the vehicle toppling over.
3. Improper operation: Incorrect operation of the lorry loader, such as sudden and jerky movements, can upset the balance and contribute to overturning.
4. Lack of maintenance: Neglecting regular maintenance, including inspecting and repairing worn or damaged components, can increase the likelihood of the lorry loader overturning.
67. Polyester webbing slings normally are coloured and have black lines. What do the different colours and number of lines indicate?
The colours and number of lines on lorry loader polyester webbing slings are used to indicate the Safe Working Load (SWL) and the lifting capacity of the slings. Each colour represents a specific SWL, and the number of black lines on the sling indicates the exact lifting capacity within that SWL range. It is important to follow the manufacturer's guidelines and industry standards when selecting and using webbing slings of the appropriate colour and number of lines for specific lifting operations. Regular inspection and maintenance of the slings is also crucial for safety.
68. What is the purpose of stabilisers on the lorry loader?
The purpose of stabilizers on a lorry loader is to provide stability and ensure safety during crane operations. Stabilizers are deployed to the ground to distribute the load evenly, preventing tipping or instability. They counterbalance the weight of the load and the crane's movement, making it more secure. Stabilizers help to maintain the crane's stability and prevent it from tipping over during lifting and maneuvering tasks. Overall, stabilizers are critical for ensuring safety and preventing accidents when operating a lorry loader.
69. What does The Health and Safety at Work Act require employers to do with regards specifically to plant?
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure the health and safety of their employees and others who may be affected by their work activities. Specifically, regarding plant (machinery and equipment), employers are required to select suitable equipment, provide appropriate training and supervision, maintain and inspect the equipment regularly, and ensure it is used correctly and safely. Risks associated with plant should be assessed and controlled, and effective communication and consultation with employees are essential. Compliance with relevant regulations and industry standards is also necessary.
70. a) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from over head electricity lines and b) explain why a distance should be kept.
a) The minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by regulations and guidelines set by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in the UK.
b) These distances must be kept to ensure the safety of workers and the prevention of accidents. Overhead electricity lines carry high voltage electricity, which poses a significant risk of electrocution if machinery comes into contact with them. By maintaining a safe distance, the risk of accidental contact and subsequent electric shock or fire is minimized, ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment.
71. What is the function of a motion limiter?
A motion limiter on a lorry loader restricts the movement of the loader's boom, crane or arm within specific limits. It prevents the equipment from operating beyond safe ranges or causing damage to nearby structures or vehicles. This safety feature helps ensure that the loader operates within its designed parameters, reducing the risk of accidents and minimising potential damage.
72. Apart from the operator, who else may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual?
Other individuals who may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual include maintenance personnel who perform repairs and routine maintenance on the lorry loader, as well as supervisors and managers responsible for overseeing the safe operation and maintenance of the machine. It is also a good idea for anyone involved in the training or mentoring of new operators to familiarize themselves with the Operator's Manual. Additionally, regulatory authorities may require access to the manual for compliance purposes.
73. How does the fitting of a clamshell bucket or hydraulic grab affect the lifting capacity of the loader crane.
The fitting of a clamshell bucket or hydraulic grab to a loader crane can affect its lifting capacity. These attachments add weight to the crane, reducing its overall capacity. The lifting capacity will depend on the specific weight of the attachment and its position on the crane. It's important to consult the manufacturer's specifications to determine the reduced capacity with the attachment fitted. Additionally, factors such as the crane's reach and stability may also be affected, so proper assessment and adjustments must be made to ensure safe and effective operation.
74. Only two legs of an 8 tonne four-legged chain sling are being used. What is the maximum load that can be lifted?
If only two out of four legs of an 8-tonne four-legged chain sling are being used, the maximum load that can be lifted is halved, resulting in a maximum load of 4 tonnes.