1. If the forklift is being travelled or working on the public highway, the Road Traffic Act applies. a) What type of licence and which classes should the operator hold and b) what is the minimum age allowed?
a) The operator should hold a valid driving licence. The classes required depend on the weight and type of forklift truck being operated. For example, if the forklift weighs up to
3.5 tonnes, a Category B licence is sufficient. If it weighs more, a Category C1 or higher may be necessary.
b) The minimum age allowed to operate a forklift truck on the public highway is 17 years old. However, it's important to check with the specific regulations in your area, as age restrictions may differ depending on local legislation.
2. What is the purpose of a roll or ROPS frame?
The purpose of a roll or ROPS (Roll-Over Protective Structure) frame on an industrial forklift truck is to provide protection to the operator in the event of a rollover. It is designed to prevent the operator from being crushed or injured by the weight of the vehicle in case of an accident. The frame is constructed to meet specific safety standards and regulations, ensuring the operator's safety while operating the forklift.
3. Name FOUR factors to consider and know before picking up a load.
When picking up a load with an industrial forklift truck, here are FOUR factors to consider:
1. Load weight: Ensure that the forklift's lifting capacity matches the weight of the load you are picking up. Exceeding the forklift's capacity can cause accidents and damage.
2. Load stability: Evaluate the load's shape, size, and potential shifting during lifting. Secure the load properly to prevent it from falling or tipping.
3. Load dimensions: Consider the height, length, and width of the load as it affects safe maneuverability and clearance when operating the forklift.
4. Environmental factors: Be aware of the floor conditions, aisle space, overhead obstacles, and any other hazards that may affect safe lifting and transport of the load.
4. Name FOUR different types or levels of disciplinary actions or sanctions that can be applied (by employers and judicial bodies) to operators of plant who do not comply with, or follow legislation and regulations.
1. Verbal warning - Initial step to inform the operator about their non-compliance and to make them aware of the consequences if the behavior continues.
2. Written warning - A formal written notice documenting the non-compliance issue and indicating that further action will be taken if improvements are not made.
3. Suspension - Temporary removal of the operator's privileges to operate the forklift truck as a consequence of repeated non-compliance or a serious breach of legislation and regulations.
4. Termination of employment - The ultimate sanction, where the operator's employment is terminated due to persistent non-compliance or a severe violation of legislation and regulations, highlighting the importance of safety and compliance in the workplace.
5. On an IC engine forklift, during work, the engine starts to overheat. Explain the danger if someone tries to remove the radiator or expansion tank cap.
Removing the radiator or expansion tank cap on an overheating IC engine forklift can be extremely dangerous. The pressurized coolant can scald or burn anyone who attempts to open the cap, causing serious injuries. Additionally, removing the cap while the engine is hot can result in a sudden release of steam and coolant, potentially causing further burns and exposing anyone nearby to hazardous substances. It is crucial to let the engine cool down before attempting to inspect or remove any parts related to the cooling system.
6. If fitting an attachment (e.g. a drum clamp), why would a forklift need to be de-rated?
When fitting an attachment, such as a drum clamp, to an industrial forklift truck, the added weight and changed center of gravity can affect the forklift's stability and lifting capacity. De-rating is required to ensure that the forklift remains within its safe operating limits and meets the manufacturer's specifications. By de-rating the forklift, adjustments can be made to its load capacity, lift height, or other performance parameters to accommodate the attachment. This is crucial for maintaining safety and preventing accidents caused by overloading or instability.
7. A manufacturer must give recommendations on how to travel a forklift up and down inclines. If this information is not known first hand, what is the general rule about travelling up and down slopes?
When navigating inclines with a forklift truck, the general rule is to always travel straight up or down the slope, avoiding any side-to-side movement. Going straight minimizes the risk of tipping over. Additionally, it's crucial to reduce speed and be mindful of the forklift's capacity when tackling slopes. If the incline is particularly steep or precarious, it's advisable to consult the manufacturer's guidance or seek professional advice to ensure safe operation.
8. a) What is meant by the lifting or rated capacity of the forklift and b) who determines it?
a) The lifting or rated capacity of a forklift refers to the maximum weight it is designed to lift and carry safely. It is usually measured in kilograms or pounds.
b) The manufacturer determines the lifting or rated capacity of a forklift. It is defined during the design and testing stages, taking into consideration factors such as the size, strength, and stability of the machine. The manufacturer ensures that the forklift meets the required regulatory standards and guidelines for safe lifting operations.
9. How is it possible that forklifts can still tip over, even when travelling on gentle gradients, are not overloaded and not being driven at excessive speed?
There are several factors that can contribute to forklifts tipping over, even on gentle gradients. Some possible reasons include: uneven weight distribution, improper load placement, incorrect center of gravity, uneven ground surfaces, and turning at high speeds. Ensuring proper load balance, driving cautiously, and being vigilant about the surface conditions can help reduce the risk of tipping over. Regular maintenance and operator training are also crucial in keeping forklifts stable and safe.
10. Why are forklift operators generally regarded as 'safety-critical' workers?
Forklift operators are considered safety-critical workers because they operate heavy machinery that can cause serious accidents if not handled properly. Their role requires them to operate a forklift truck in a variety of settings, such as construction sites or warehouses, where there are often hazards such as uneven surfaces, limited visibility, and heavy loads. Due to the potential for accidents leading to personal injury or damage to property, it is crucial for forklift operators to have the skills, knowledge, and awareness to navigate these hazards safely.
11. Name TWO factors that determine the weight of a load.
The weight of a load is determined by two main factors: the density of the material being lifted and the volume of the material being lifted. Density is the measure of how compact or heavy a substance is, whereas volume refers to the amount of space the material takes up.
12. Name FOUR ways that wet weather can affect forklift operations.
Wet weather can impact forklift operations in several ways:
1. Reduced traction: Wet surfaces can make it difficult for forklifts to maintain adequate traction, increasing the risk of skidding or losing control.
2. Poor visibility: Rain can affect visibility, making it harder for operators to see their surroundings and potentially leading to accidents with other machinery or obstacles.
3. Slippery surfaces: Wet conditions can make surfaces slippery, posing a risk for forklift operators when they need to stop quickly or navigate uneven terrain.
4. Water damage: Rainwater can damage the electrical components of forklifts, affecting their performance and leading to additional maintenance or repairs.
13. What is the definition of, or how can a hazard be described?
A hazard is a potential source of harm or danger, which could cause injury or damage. It can be described as anything that has the potential to cause harm, such as unsafe working conditions, machinery malfunctions, or hazardous substances. In the context of an industrial forklift truck, hazards could include improper training, lack of maintenance, or unsafe operating practices. It's important to identify and address hazards in order to minimize the risk of accidents or injuries in the workplace. Regular risk assessments and safety measures should be implemented to mitigate these hazards.
14. How can a qualification or card benefit a plant operator?
Obtaining a qualification or card for operating an industrial forklift truck can benefit a plant operator in several ways. Firstly, it demonstrates the operator's competence and knowledge in using the equipment safely and efficiently. This can improve job prospects and increase employability. Secondly, it provides legal compliance with health and safety regulations, reducing the risk of accidents or injuries in the workplace. Finally, having a qualification or card can enhance the operator's professional reputation and credibility, potentially leading to better opportunities and career advancement.
15. Forklift operations fall within the scope of the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998. Name TWO requirements of the act with regards to lifting.
Two requirements of the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) in relation to forklift operations are:
1. Regular inspection and thorough examination of forklift trucks by a competent person to ensure their safe working condition.
2. Proper planning, management, and supervision of lifting operations to minimize the risk of accidents, including providing appropriate training and instruction to operators and ensuring that suitable lifting accessories and equipment are used.
16. Why should a diesel-engine forklift be re-fuelled at the end of the day?
A diesel-engine forklift should be refuelled at the end of the day because it ensures that there is enough fuel for the next day's operation. Running out of fuel during the workday can cause delays and interruptions. Refuelling at the end of the day also prevents the fuel from sitting stagnant in the tank for an extended period, which can lead to fuel degradation and potential engine issues. It is best practice to maintain a full tank of fuel to ensure smooth and uninterrupted operation.
17. Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the machine, what final action must be carried out?
Before leaving the cab for a rest break, it is crucial to perform the final action of engaging the parking brake to secure the forklift truck and prevent any unintended movement.
18. Before travelling with a physically large load, name FIVE factors that must be taken into account by the operator before moving.
The five factors that must be considered by the operator before moving with a physically large load are:
1. Load weight: Ensure that the forklift's maximum lifting capacity is not exceeded by the weight of the load.
2. Load stability: Check that the load is properly balanced and secured on the forklift to prevent any shifting or tipping during travel.
3. Path obstacles: Assess the route for any obstacles or hazards that may hinder safe travel, such as uneven surfaces, ramps, or narrow passages.
4. Overhead clearance: Consider the height of the load and ensure that there is sufficient clearance for the forklift to pass under door frames, ceilings, or other overhead structures.
5. Visibility: Ensure clear visibility of the travel path and surroundings, especially when the load obstructs the operator's view. Use mirrors or have a spotter to assist with maneuvering if necessary.
19. a) What is the purpose of a Method Statement and b) what is required of the operator?
a) The purpose of a Method Statement is to outline the safe procedures and steps required to complete a specific task or project in the construction industry. It ensures that potential hazards are identified, and appropriate control measures are put in place. It helps to enhance safety and minimize risks by providing a systematic approach for workers to follow.
b) An operator of an industrial forklift truck is required to have the necessary training and qualifications to safely operate and maintain the equipment. They must conduct pre-use checks, follow safe operating procedures, and be aware of the capacity and limitations of the forklift. They should also adhere to any relevant regulations or site-specific rules while operating the forklift.
20. What is the purpose of a risk assessment?
The purpose of a risk assessment for an industrial forklift truck is to identify and evaluate potential hazards and risks associated with the operation of the forklift. It helps to identify measures to control or minimize these risks and ensure the safety of operators and others in the vicinity of the forklift. By conducting a risk assessment, you can meet legal requirements, prevent accidents and injuries, and establish safe working practices. It is an essential step in maintaining a safe working environment and reducing the likelihood of accidents or incidents occurring.
21. What problems and hazards can soft ground cause to a loaded forklift?
Soft ground can pose several problems and hazards to a loaded forklift. Firstly, the soft ground can cause the forklift to sink or become unstable, increasing the risk of tipping over. Secondly, it can make maneuvering more difficult, as the wheels may lose traction and struggle to move. This can result in reduced control and potential accidents. Additionally, driving over soft ground can put excess strain on the forklift's components, such as the transmission and tires, leading to damage and increased maintenance costs. Overall, soft ground poses dangers of instability, reduced traction, and potential damage to the loaded forklift.
22. What should be known about the loading out tower or racking before placing loads?
Before placing loads on a loading out tower or racking, several things should be known. Firstly, check the maximum load capacity of the tower or racking to ensure it is not exceeded. Secondly, make sure the tower or racking is in good condition and free from any damage or defects that could compromise its stability. Thirdly, assess the load size and weight to ensure it can be safely accommodated on the tower or racking. Finally, consider the distribution of the load to prevent overloading specific areas. Always prioritize safety and follow any relevant guidelines or regulations.
23. Compared to a duplex (double) mast: a) why would a triplex mast be fitted/used and b) what disadvantage does the mast have over the duplex?
a) A triplex mast is often fitted/used on an industrial forklift truck to increase the lifting height capacity. It consists of three sections that enable higher lifting heights compared to a duplex mast.
b) The main disadvantage of a triplex mast compared to a duplex mast is reduced stability. The additional section in the triplex mast makes it less stable, especially at maximum lifting heights. This can result in increased sway and reduced overall control of the forklift truck, potentially compromising safety during operation.
24. If placing a variety of loads onto a rigid, flatbed transporter, where should the heaviest loads be placed?
The heaviest loads should be placed in the center of the rigid, flatbed transporter. This helps maintain stability and even weight distribution, reducing the risk of tipping or overloading the front or back of the transporter.
25. If the load centre of the load is longer (increased) than stipulated for the model of forklift, what effect does it have on the lifting capacity of the machine?
If the load centre of the load is longer than stipulated for the forklift model, it will decrease the lifting capacity of the machine. The load centre is the distance between the center of gravity of the load and the front edge of the forks. When the load centre is increased, it causes the load to create a longer lever arm, increasing the load moment. This results in a reduction in the forklift's lifting capacity because the load moment exceeds the capacity of the machine. It is essential to adhere to the specified load centre to ensure safe and efficient operation.
26. If checking the oil level using a dipstick, why must gloves be worn?
Gloves must be worn when checking the oil level using a dipstick on an industrial forklift truck to protect the hands from hot surfaces or sharp edges.
27. After placing a load, who is responsible for ensuring the load is safe?
The operator of the industrial forklift truck is responsible for ensuring the load is safe. They should inspect the load for stability, evenly distribute the weight, and secure it properly. It is vital to follow safe loading practices to prevent accidents and protect personnel and property.
28. Explain THREE checks that should be made to the mast lift chains.
1. Regular visual inspection: Check the lift chains for any signs of wear, damage, or distortion. Look for any broken, cracked, or bent links. Ensure that the chains are properly lubricated and free from any corrosion or buildup of debris.
2. Proper tension: Check the tension of the lift chains to ensure they are not too loose or too tight. Loose chains can lead to instability and loss of load control, while overly tight chains can put excessive strain on the system. Follow the manufacturer's guidelines for adjusting and maintaining the correct tension.
3. Functionality check: Test the operation of the mast lift chains by raising and lowering the forks several times. Ensure that the chains move smoothly without any unusual noises or jerking motions. Pay attention to any signs of improper alignment, binding, or excessive slack, as these could indicate potential issues that need to be addressed.
Remember: Regular maintenance and inspection, carried out by a qualified person, are essential for the safe operation of forklift trucks and compliance with relevant regulations.
29. As a lifting machine, the forklift must be thoroughly examined. a) What is the purpose of the examination and b) who would carry out the examination?
a) The purpose of the examination is to ensure that the forklift is safe to use and in proper working condition. It helps identify any defects or faults that could pose a risk to operators and others in the vicinity.
b) The examination should be carried out by a competent person, often an internal or external qualified inspector who has the necessary knowledge and expertise to assess the forklift's condition and compliance with health and safety regulations.
30. If changing an LPG cylinder, state THREE specific precautions to be observed.
When changing an LPG cylinder on an industrial forklift truck, there are three important precautions to consider:
1. Ensure the forklift truck is in a well-ventilated area, away from any sources of ignition, to minimize the risk of a potential gas leak causing a fire or explosion.
2. Before disconnecting the old LPG cylinder, shut off the forklift truck's engine and release any built-up pressure in the fuel system, following the manufacturer's instructions.
3. While handling the LPG cylinder, use proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles to protect against any potential leaks, ensuring safety for yourself and others in the vicinity.
31. When working in a confined area or space: a) what danger can be present with regards to the counterweight of the forklift, b) when should measures be taken and c) what measures should be implemented?
a) The counterweight of a forklift poses a danger in confined areas due to the risk of collisions with objects or structures, causing damage or tipping the forklift.
b) Measures should be taken whenever working in a confined area with a forklift to prevent accidents and ensure safety.
c) Measures that should be implemented include assessing the area for potential obstructions, ensuring adequate clearance for the forklift's counterweight, using caution when maneuvering, and providing clear signage or barriers to prevent unauthorized access to the area. Additionally, proper training and supervision are vital in promoting safe operations.
32. Why must the seat belt be worn, even though a ROPS frame is fitted?
The seat belt must be worn in an industrial forklift truck, despite the ROPS frame, to protect the operator in case of accidents. The ROPS frame helps prevent the vehicle from rolling over, but it does not guarantee that the operator will remain inside the vehicle during impact. Wearing the seat belt ensures that the operator stays securely in the seat, reducing the risk of being ejected and potentially sustaining severe injuries. Seat belts are a necessary safety precaution and should always be used in combination with other safety features like the ROPS frame.
33. a) What is meant by the load centre and b) why must it be known for each lift?
a) The load centre refers to the point at which the load is positioned along the forks of the forklift truck. It is usually measured from the face of the forks or the heel of the forks.
b) Knowing the load centre for each lift is important because it affects the stability of the forklift truck. If the load centre is not properly balanced, it can cause the forklift truck to tip over or become unstable during operation. By knowing the load centre, the operator can ensure that the load is correctly positioned on the forks for safe and efficient lifting.
34. When working in a confined area or space, name THREE dangers that can be present.
When working in a confined area or space with an industrial forklift truck, three potential dangers include:
1. Limited maneuverability: The restricted space can make it challenging to navigate the forklift safely, increasing the risk of collisions with objects or structures.
2. Reduced visibility: The confined space may obscure the operator's view, making it harder to spot pedestrians, obstructions, or potential hazards.
3. Increased risk of overturning: The confined area's tight corners or uneven surfaces can contribute to the forklift tipping over, posing a serious danger to the operator and those nearby.
35. The operator has to use a new type of forklift that they are unfamiliar with. What do Regulations (i.e. PUWER 98) and other guidance require the operator to have?
Regulations such as PUWER 98 and guidance require operators of industrial forklift trucks to have adequate training, skills, and knowledge. This includes familiarization with the specific type of forklift they will be operating. They should receive thorough training on the safe operation of the forklift, including its controls, stability, load capacities, and safe driving techniques. Operators should also be aware of the relevant safety and operating manuals for the specific forklift model. Regular refresher training and assessments may be necessary to ensure ongoing competence. So, in summary, operators require appropriate training and knowledge of the forklift in accordance with regulations and guidance.
36. State the possible effect of lifting a load when facing downhill on a slope.
Lifting a load while facing downhill on a slope can cause the forklift truck to become unstable and potentially tip over. The weight of the load combined with the descent down the slope can shift the center of gravity, increasing the risk of losing control and causing an accident. It is crucial to always assess the terrain and follow safe operating procedures to ensure the forklift remains stable and balanced during lifting operations.
37. What is a possible consequence of using a pneumatic tyre with a deep cut in the sidewall?
A possible consequence of using a pneumatic tyre with a deep cut in the sidewall is a sudden loss of air pressure, leading to a flat tyre. This can result in reduced stability and control of the forklift truck, posing a safety risk to the operator and potentially causing damage to the truck or its load. It is important to inspect tyres regularly and replace any that have significant damage to ensure safe operation.
38. Before manually changing any attachment: a) where should the attachment be positioned (in relation to the ground) and b) why?
a) The attachment should be positioned on level ground to ensure stability and prevent accidents.
b) This is important as positioning the attachment on uneven ground may cause the forklift truck to become unstable and increase the risk of tipping over. Ensuring that the attachment is on level ground helps maintain balance and allows for safe operation of the forklift.
39. Give THREE reasons why it is important that a forklift is not leaning sideways before attempting to lift or place a load.
It is important that a forklift is not leaning sideways before lifting or placing a load due to three reasons:
1. Stability: A forklift in a balanced position ensures stability, reducing the risk of tipping or overturning during lifting or placing operations. This ensures the safety of the operator, the load, and the surroundings.
2. Load distribution: A sideways-leaning forklift can affect the even distribution of the load, making it more prone to falling off or causing damage. A level forklift ensures proper weight distribution and helps maintain control while handling the load.
3. Maneuverability: A forklift in a stable position can maneuver more easily, allowing the operator to navigate tight spaces and make accurate movements. This reduces the likelihood of accidents and facilitates efficient and precise handling of the load.
40. Which parts of the forklift is the load centre usually measured from?
The load centre of a forklift is typically measured from the vertical face of the forks to the centre of gravity of the load being carried. This measurement is important for determining the capacity and stability of the forklift when lifting different loads.
41. Name THREE ways in which an operator can minimise their impact upon the environment whilst using the machine.
An operator can minimise their impact on the environment while using an industrial forklift truck by:
1. Adhering to proper maintenance and servicing schedules, which can ensure the truck is running efficiently and emits fewer greenhouse gases.
2. Using electric or hybrid models instead of diesel-powered ones, as they produce fewer emissions and have lower environmental impact.
3. Practicing responsible fuel management, such as avoiding unnecessary idling and ensuring correct fueling and refueling procedures, reducing fuel consumption and emissions.
By following these measures, operators can contribute to a greener and more sustainable operation of forklift trucks.
42. Using the Operator's Manual, state the cold-starting procedure for the machine. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
Refer to the Operator's Manual for the specific cold-starting procedure of the industrial forklift truck. The manual provides precise instructions and safety guidelines to follow during the process. It is important to have the manual readily accessible for reference during the test to ensure compliance and accuracy.
43. a) What THREE checks would be made specifically to the batteries and b ) what specific PPE would be worn?
a) Three checks that would be made specifically to the batteries of an industrial forklift truck are:
1. Visual Inspection: The batteries would be visually checked for any signs of damage, such as leaks, cracks, or corrosion.
2. Battery Charge: The battery charge would be checked to ensure that it has enough power to operate the forklift truck.
3. Battery Connections: The connections between the battery and the forklift's electrical system would be checked to ensure they are secure and free from any loose or damaged components.
b) The specific Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that would be worn when operating an industrial forklift truck includes:
1. Steel-toed Safety Boots: These protect the feet from potential hazards, such as falling objects or accidental impact.
2. Safety Helmet: This protects the head from potential injuries caused by falling objects or collisions.
3. High-visibility Vest: This enhances visibility and helps others to spot the forklift operator easily, reducing the risk of accidents.
Please note that other PPE, such as gloves or eye protection, may also be required depending on the specific tasks and work environment.
44. What THREE main duties of The Health and Safety at Work Act must employees follow?
Employees must follow three main duties outlined in the Health and Safety at Work Act. Firstly, they must take reasonable care of their own health and safety, as well as the health and safety of others who may be affected by their actions. Secondly, they must cooperate with their employer and follow any instructions given to ensure a safe working environment. Thirdly, they must not misuse or interfere with any safety equipment or measures provided by their employer. These duties aim to promote a culture of responsibility and risk prevention in the workplace.
45. a) What determines the minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery has to be kept from over head electricity lines and b) explain why a distance should be kept.
a) The minimum distances that plant and machinery should be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) guidelines. These guidelines take into account the voltage of the overhead lines and the risk of contact or electrocution.
b) A distance should be kept to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of workers. Contact with overhead electricity lines can cause severe injuries or fatalities due to electric shocks and burns. Maintaining a distance helps to minimize the risk of accidental contact and reduces the likelihood of electrical accidents in the workplace.
46. State FOUR checks that should be made to the forks.
1. Check for any visible signs of damage such as cracks, bends, or wear on the forks. If there are any signs of damage, do not use the forklift and report it to the supervisor or maintenance team immediately.
2. Inspect the fork hooks or heels for any signs of wear or distortion. Make sure they are securely attached to the forklift's carriage.
3. Check the fork blades for proper alignment and smoothness. They should be parallel and free from any dents or bends that could affect stability.
4. Verify that the fork's load backrest extension is in place and securely attached. It should be in good condition and not obstructed.
These checks should be done before each use of the forklift to ensure safe operation.
47. An operator has been asked to transport a load along the public highway from one site to another, for which The Road Traffic Act applies. What needs to be taken into account regarding the law?
When transporting a load on a public highway, the operator must comply with The Road Traffic Act. This includes several considerations:
1. Vehicle and Operator Requirements: Ensure the forklift truck is roadworthy and properly registered for use on public roads. The operator must hold a valid driver's license and have the necessary training and qualifications.
2. Insurance: Carry appropriate insurance coverage that includes public liability and road risk.
3. Load Restrictions: Adhere to weight and dimension limits set by the Act.
4. Vehicle Lighting and Safety Equipment: Ensure proper illumination and visibility with headlights, indicators, and reflective markings.
Remember to consult the Act and any relevant local regulations for specific requirements and compliance.
48. The operator has been asked to drive the machine onto a transporter/trailer. a) Who is responsible for the loading operations and b) state FOUR actions to be considered by the operator before loading commences?
a) The operator is responsible for the loading operations.
b) Before loading commences, the operator should consider the following actions:
1. Ensure the forklift truck is in good working condition and can safely handle the load.
2. Assess the weight and dimensions of the load to determine if it is within the forklift's capacity and can be properly secured on the transporter/trailer.
3. Plan the loading process, considering factors such as accessibility, ground conditions, and any obstacles or hazards present.
4. Use appropriate loading techniques, such as centering the load, engaging the brakes, and utilizing safety features like seat belts or restraints.
49. What THREE items must be printed on a forklift's rating plate?
The three items that must be printed on a forklift's rating plate are the maximum capacity of the forklift, the load center distance, and the lift height. These details provide important information about the forklift's capabilities and contribute to safe operation. It is crucial to consult the rating plate for the specific details of a forklift to ensure that it is used within its intended capacity and operating limits.
50. What does The Health and Safety at Work Act require employers to do with regards specifically to plant?
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure that plant, including industrial forklift trucks, are safe for use. This means that employers must assess any risks associated with using the plant, take appropriate measures to control those risks, and provide information, instruction, and training to employees. Regular maintenance and inspections of the plant are also required. Employers should have competent operators who possess the necessary skills and knowledge to operate the forklift truck safely. Additionally, employers must have procedures in place for managing any incidents or accidents involving plant.
51. a) What is the minimum distance allowed near open trenches when travelling with a forklift and b) explain why?
a) The minimum distance allowed near open trenches when traveling with a forklift is typically 3 meters.
b) This distance is required to ensure the safety of both the forklift operator and other workers. It helps to prevent accidents such as tipping over into the trench or striking workers near the trench. By maintaining a safe distance, the risk of injury or damage to equipment is reduced. Following these guidelines is crucial for maintaining a safe working environment on construction sites.
52. Name THREE ways that a plant operator can contribute in ensuring repeat business with the client or main contractor.
1. By consistently demonstrating a high level of professionalism and competence in operating the forklift truck. This includes being knowledgeable about the equipment, following safety protocols, and efficiently completing tasks to meet project deadlines.
2. By maintaining clear and regular communication with the client or main contractor. This involves promptly addressing any concerns or issues, providing regular progress updates, and seeking feedback to ensure customer satisfaction.
3. By actively participating in continuous improvement initiatives and suggesting ways to enhance efficiency, productivity, and safety on site. This demonstrates a commitment to delivering high-quality work and fosters long-term relationships with clients and main contractors.
53. In what situation does a hard hat NOT need to be worn when operating a forklift?
A hard hat should always be worn when operating a forklift, regardless of the situation. It provides protection against falling objects and head injuries, which is essential in a construction environment. Safety should never be compromised, so wearing a hard hat is a necessary precaution to minimize the risk of accidents and potential harm.
54. When parking the machine at the end of the shift, name THREE places where the machine should NOT be parked.
The industrial forklift truck should not be parked in three specific places: (1. in front of emergency exits, as this could obstruct evacuation routes in case of emergencies; (2. on steep inclines or uneven surfaces, which can cause the forklift to become unstable and potentially tip over; (3. in designated pedestrian walkways or areas, as this can pose a risk to the safety of workers or pedestrians navigating the site.
55. What are FOUR safety checks that should be made before loading or unloading a suitable vehicle?
Before loading or unloading a suitable vehicle using an industrial forklift truck, you should conduct the following safety checks:
1. Ensure that the vehicle's brakes are engaged and the engine is turned off.
2. Check that the wheels of the vehicle are chocked securely.
3. Inspect the stability and condition of the loading dock or ramp.
4. Verify that the forklift truck's forks are in good condition and properly positioned before lifting or lowering load.
These safety checks help mitigate potential risks and ensure the safety of the loading or unloading process.
56. What is the best method of driving the forklift across humps, drainage gullies etc.?
When driving a forklift over humps or drainage gullies, it's important to maintain stability and control. The best method is to approach the obstacle slowly and head-on, ensuring the forklift is level. Reduce speed, keep forks at a low height, and maintain a controlled acceleration over the obstacle. Be mindful of load stability and consider the weight distribution. If the obstacle is too high or the load too heavy, it may be necessary to find an alternative route. Remember to adhere to safety regulations and consult the manufacturer's guidelines for specific forklift models.
57. Give FOUR reasons that may cause the machine to tip forwards.
Four reasons that may cause an industrial forklift truck to tip forwards include: overloading the front of the machine, improper load distribution, sudden acceleration or deceleration, and operating on uneven or unstable surfaces.
58. When placing onto or lifting a load from a loading out tower or rack: a) why must the forklift's handbrake be on and the transmission in neutral and b) what would be the consequences if this was not done?
When placing onto or lifting a load from a loading out tower or rack, it is essential to have the forklift's handbrake on and the transmission in neutral to ensure stability and safety.
(a) The handbrake keeps the forklift stationary, preventing it from moving unexpectedly during the loading or unloading process. The transmission in neutral ensures that the forklift's wheels do not rotate while engaging with the load.
b) If the handbrake is not applied or the transmission is not in neutral, the forklift may move unexpectedly, causing accidents, damage to the load or the forklift itself, and potential harm to operators or nearby personnel. Safety should always be a priority in the construction industry.
59. List SIX typical subject areas that should be covered in a site induction.
1. Health and Safety: This includes information about emergency procedures, fire safety, first aid, and any specific risks or hazards on the site.
2. Site Layout and Facilities: This covers details about site access and egress, location of key facilities such as toilets and break areas, and any specific rules or restrictions related to the site layout.
3. Work Processes and Procedures: This section outlines important information about the specific tasks and activities that will be carried out on site, including any specific equipment or machinery being used.
4. PPE Requirements: This covers the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that is necessary for the site, including details on what should be worn and when.
5. Environmental Considerations: This includes information about any environmental policies or regulations on the site, as well as any specific requirements for waste management or sustainability.
6. Site Rules and Regulations: This section outlines any site-specific rules and regulations that must be followed, including details on working hours, parking, and any specific codes of conduct.
60. Name THREE conditions that mirrors on the machine must be in.
The mirrors on an industrial forklift truck must be in three conditions: clean, properly adjusted, and free from cracks or damage.
61. Give FOUR reasons that may cause the forklift to tip over sideways.
Four possible reasons that may cause a forklift truck to tip over sideways include: uneven load distribution, exceeding recommended weight limits, unstable surface conditions, and operator error or lack of training.
62. What are the possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations?
Possible outcomes of facing prosecution for not complying with legislation and regulations regarding industrial forklift trucks can include fines, penalties, legal costs, damage to reputation, and potential loss of business opportunities. It is important to ensure that all relevant laws and regulations are followed to prevent such consequences and to prioritize a safe and compliant work environment. Regular training, assessments, and maintenance of forklift trucks are essential to minimize the risk of non-compliance and the associated repercussions. Always consult with legal professionals and regulatory bodies for specific advice in your jurisdiction.
63. If setting up to lift and move loads in a pedestrianised area, state THREE factors that need to be taken into account.
When setting up to lift and move loads in a pedestrianised area, three crucial factors need to be considered: First, the safety of pedestrians must be ensured. Second, the proper training of the operators is essential to prevent accidents. Finally, the condition of the ground should be examined to ensure it can support the weight of the forklift. Each of these factors is crucial in ensuring the smooth and secure operation of an industrial forklift truck in a pedestrianised area.
64. Using the Operator's Manual, state the procedure for greasing the mast components. Note: The Operator's Manual for the machine being used for the test MUST be available for reference by the candidate.
To grease the mast components of an industrial forklift truck, refer to the Operator's Manual for specific instructions. The procedure may vary depending on the make and model of the machine. Locate the relevant section in the manual that covers greasing the mast components. Follow the provided steps and use the appropriate lubricant specified by the manufacturer. Ensure the machine is switched off and follow safety precautions while carrying out the task. Regularly inspect and maintain the mast components to ensure proper lubrication and smooth operation. Keep the Operator's Manual accessible for future reference.
65. Where should the Operator's Manual be kept and why?
The Operator's Manual for an industrial forklift truck should be kept with the vehicle at all times for easy access. It is a crucial source of information that provides guidance on safe operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting. Keeping it readily available ensures that operators can refer to it whenever needed, enabling them to follow safety procedures, perform routine inspections, and address any issues that may arise efficiently. This promotes overall safety and helps prevent accidents or damage to the forklift truck.
66. What is the purpose of the counterweight of the machine?
The counterweight on an industrial forklift truck serves to provide stability and prevent the machine from tipping over during operation. It works by balancing the weight of the load being lifted by the forklift. By positioning the counterweight on the rear of the truck, it counteracts the weight of the load and prevents the forklift from tilting forward. This helps to maintain the truck's stability and ensures safe and efficient operation.
67. Apart from the operator, who else may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual?
In addition to the operator, other individuals who may need to use the machine's Operator's Manual include maintenance personnel, supervisors, inspectors, and individuals responsible for training operators on the safe operation of the forklift truck. It is important for all relevant personnel to be familiar with the manual's contents to ensure safe and proper use of the machine.
68. Before loading an uncoupled trailer, what THREE precautions must be taken?
Before loading an uncoupled trailer with an industrial forklift truck, three precautions must be taken:
1. Ensure the parking brake is engaged on both the forklift truck and the trailer to prevent unintended movement.
2. Position wheel chocks on the trailer's wheels to prevent it from rolling during loading.
3. Conduct a thorough inspection of the trailer bed to check for any damage or structural issues that could impact the stability and safety of the load.
69. Before picking up a load, why should the forks be equally spaced or distanced on the carriage?
The forks of an industrial forklift truck should be equally spaced or distanced on the carriage to ensure stability and balance when lifting a load. Unequal spacing can cause the load to shift or tilt, increasing the risk of accidents or damage. Maintaining equal spacing allows the load to be properly supported by both forks, distributing the weight evenly. This helps prevent the load from becoming unbalanced during lifting, improving safety and reducing the likelihood of accidents.
70. What is the meaning of this hand signal (being demonstrated by the Tester)?
The hand signal being demonstrated by the Tester is indicating a stop or halt. It is a common hand signal used in industrial forklift truck operations to communicate with others nearby. This signal is essential for maintaining safety and preventing accidents in the workplace. The Tester is demonstrating the correct hand signal for stopping the forklift truck's movement. It is important to always pay attention to and follow these signals to ensure a safe working environment.
71. What are the THREE actions or stages that a forklift operator undertakes during pre-use inspections?
The three actions or stages that a forklift operator undertakes during pre-use inspections are: checking the main components of the forklift, such as tires, brakes, lights, and signals; inspecting the operating controls, including steering, horn, and seatbelt; and ensuring that all necessary fluids, like fuel, oil, and coolant, are at the proper levels. It is important for the operator to document any defects or issues and report them to the appropriate personnel for repairs.