CPCS Piling Rig – Bored below 20 tonnes (A47) Theory Test Questions & Answers

ODEX drilling is a technique used in piling where a large hammer drives a casing pipe into the ground, while simultaneously flushing out the soil within the casing using compressed air or water. This method allows the casing to be advanced into the ground without collapsing the surrounding soil, creating a stable borehole. ODEX drilling is particularly effective when dealing with loose or unstable ground conditions, as it provides support to the borehole during the drilling process. It is commonly used in bored piling operations where the rig has a capacity of below 20 tonnes.

a) The minimum distance allowed near an open excavation when travelling the rig is typically specified in the relevant health and safety regulations, such as the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations in the UK. Generally, a minimum distance of 3 metres is advised to ensure the safety of people near the excavation and to prevent accidental falls or collapse of the excavation walls.

b) This distance is necessary to mitigate the risk of accidents or injuries caused by the rig's movement near the edge of the excavation. It provides a buffer zone in case of unexpected shifts or collapses in the excavation, reducing the likelihood of the rig or people coming into contact with the excavation walls and potentially causing harm.

Bored piling is more suitable for urban areas compared to a driven rig because it generates less noise and vibration, minimizing disturbance to nearby residents and structures. Bored piling also allows for greater precision in drilling holes, making it less likely to encounter underground utilities or existing structures. Additionally, bored piling can be done with smaller equipment, making it more maneuverable in tight spaces and reducing the need for extensive access and traffic control measures. Overall, bored piling offers a quieter, less disruptive, and more adaptable solution for construction in urban areas.

1. Verbal Warning: First level of disciplinary action where the employer verbally communicates the non-compliance to the operator and provides guidance on how to rectify the situation.

2. Written Warning: Second level of disciplinary action involving a written document, highlighting the non-compliance and potential consequences if improvements are not made within a specified timeframe.

3. Suspension: Third level of disciplinary action where the operator is temporarily excluded from work pending an investigation or improvement in their compliance with the legislation and regulations.

4. Termination: Final level of disciplinary action where the operator's employment is terminated due to repeated or serious non-compliance with legislation and regulations, after necessary procedures and considerations are followed.

The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure that plant, including piling rigs, is safe to use and properly maintained. They must provide adequate training and supervision to employees who operate the plant. Employers should also conduct regular risk assessments to identify and address any hazards associated with the use of plant, and provide appropriate protective equipment. Proper planning and safe systems of work should be implemented, and employees must be informed of any risks and precautions. In summary, the Act requires employers to prioritize safety and take all necessary steps to prevent accidents and injuries when using plant.

The controlled or restricted zone around a CFA drilling operation is typically around 15 meters.

Rig operators are considered 'safety-critical' due to the high risk nature of their work. Operating piling rigs involves handling heavy machinery and working in potentially hazardous environments. They are responsible for ensuring the safe operation of the rig, minimizing risks to both themselves and others on the site. A small error or lack of attention can lead to accidents, injuries, or even fatalities. Thus, the role requires operators to possess a high level of technical skill, experience, and focus on safety protocols to mitigate potential risks.

Before leaving the cab, the operator of the piling rig should perform certain checks. These include ensuring that the machine is securely fixed and stable on the transporter/trailer, double-checking that all necessary securing devices are in place, and confirming that the braking system is engaged and functional. Additionally, the operator should verify that any attachments or equipment are safely stowed, and that all lights and warning devices on the transporter/trailer are operational. Furthermore, it is important for the operator to consult the relevant company policies and procedures to ensure compliance and safety.

To ensure safe working conditions when operating a piling rig bored below 20 tonnes in variable wind speeds, the following actions should be taken:

1. Regular monitoring of wind speeds using an anemometer.
2. Implementing a safe working procedure with set wind speed limits.
3. Suspending operations if wind speeds exceed the set limits.
4. Providing appropriate measures to stabilize the piling rig in high winds.
5. Ensuring all personnel are trained and aware of the wind speed limits and safety procedures.
6. Regularly reviewing the weather forecast to anticipate any significant changes in wind conditions.

Safety is paramount, so vigilance and adherence to established procedures are crucial.

The rig operator performs three actions during pre-use inspections:
1. They visually inspect the piling rig to identify any visible signs of damage or defects.
2. They check the rig's functional components, such as controls, gauges, and safety devices, to ensure they are working correctly.
3. They review the rig's maintenance records and certification to confirm that it is up to date and compliant with safety standards.

The drive is typically transmitted to the short auger in a bored piling rig below 20 tonnes through a hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor is connected to the drive shaft of the auger, which is then used to rotate the auger and advance it into the ground. This hydraulic system allows for efficient and controlled operation of the piling rig, ensuring accurate drilling and installation of piles. The use of hydraulic power also provides sufficient torque to drive the auger through various soil conditions.

Consult the Operator's Manual for the specific piling rig being used. Ensure its availability for reference during the procedure. The manual will contain the necessary steps and instructions for cold-starting the machine. Follow the instructions precisely to safely and effectively start the piling rig.

A qualification or card can benefit a piling rig operator by providing evidence of their competence and compliance with industry standards. It demonstrates their knowledge and skills in operating the rig, making them more marketable and increasing their employment opportunities. It also enhances safety on construction sites by ensuring operators are trained in safe practices. Additionally, some construction projects may require specific qualifications or cards as a prerequisite for employment. Overall, obtaining a qualification or card can improve job prospects and contribute to the professionalism and reputation of the rig operator.

The Operator's Manual for a piling rig should be kept on the rig at all times for easy access. It provides essential guidance on safe operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting. Having it readily available ensures that the operator can refer to it whenever needed, minimizing the risk of errors, accidents, and equipment damage. Additionally, it can be used for training purposes and acts as a reference for any inspections or audits. Overall, keeping the Operator's Manual on the piling rig promotes safety, efficiency, and compliance with industry standards.

A rig operator can contribute to ensuring repeat business with the client or principal contractor by:
1. Demonstrating efficiency: By completing piling works within specified timelines and budget, the operator can showcase their ability to efficiently deliver projects, which can nurture trust and encourage the client to hire them again.
2. Maintaining open communication: Regularly updating the client or principal contractor on the progress of the works and promptly addressing any concerns or issues can establish strong communication channels and foster a good working relationship.
3. Delivering quality workmanship: Ensuring that the piling works meet or exceed the client's specifications and industry standards can enhance the operator's reputation for quality work, encouraging the client to choose them again for future projects.

A contiguous pile line refers to a construction technique where the piles are constructed closely adjacent to each other, with minimal gaps between them. This method is often used in situations where lateral support or retaining walls are needed, such as in soil or slope stabilisation. By keeping the piles contiguous, they can work together to provide increased stability and resistance to lateral forces. It is a commonly employed technique in deep foundation construction.

The shoe, bung, end-cap, or flap in CFA piling is used to seal the bottom of the pile, preventing soil and water from entering the pile during the drilling process. It helps maintain the integrity of the pile, ensuring it can bear the required load.

1. Erect physical barriers, such as fencing or hoarding, to prevent unauthorized access to the piling rig and the construction site.
2. Clearly mark the area with appropriate signage to warn pedestrians of the potential hazards and the need to keep a safe distance.
3. Implement a traffic management plan to redirect pedestrians away from the piling rig area and provide alternative safe routes for them to use.

The rotary auger of a bored rig or a Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) rig is cleaned of soil by rotating the auger in reverse to remove the soil trapped around it. This is typically done by engaging the reverse function of the rig's hydraulic system. The rotation helps dislodge the soil, which then falls down the borehole or is removed using an auger cleaner. Regular cleaning is necessary to prevent soil buildup and ensure efficient operation of the rig.

A hazard in the context of a piling rig refers to any source of harm or danger that could potentially cause injury or damage. This can include various risks associated with operating the machinery, such as potential collapse of the rig, contact with underground utilities, or hazardous materials. Hazards should be identified and described through a comprehensive risk assessment, which evaluates the likelihood and severity of potential incidents. This assessment helps determine appropriate control measures to mitigate or eliminate the identified hazards, ensuring the safety and well-being of workers and the surrounding environment.

Employees must comply with three main duties under the Health and Safety at Work Act:

1. They must take reasonable care of their own health and safety, as well as the safety of others who may be affected by their actions or omissions.
2. They must cooperate with their employer on matters concerning health and safety, such as following safety instructions and using provided protective equipment.
3. They must not interfere with or misuse anything provided for health and safety purposes, such as intentionally disabling safety devices.

Remember, employees have legal obligations to ensure safety at work.

a) The danger can arise if the counterweight of the piling rig comes into contact with objects or structures, causing potential instability or damage.

b) The recommended minimum distance between the piling rig and nearby objects or structures should be determined by a competent person based on the specific circumstances and surrounding hazards.

c) If the gap is less than the recommended distance, additional measures such as using barriers or supports may need to be implemented to ensure the stability and safety of the piling rig and the surrounding area. A competent person should assess and determine the appropriate measures in such cases.

A hard hat should always be worn when operating a piling rig, regardless of the situation. Safety regulations require the use of personal protective equipment, such as a hard hat, to protect against falling objects or head injuries. It is crucial to prioritize safety at all times on a construction site, therefore a hard hat must be worn when using a piling rig, irrespective of the weight involved.

1. Site safety rules and regulations.
2. Emergency procedures and first aid.
3. Site-specific hazards and risks.
4. Personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements.
5. Site access and security procedures.
6. Work schedule and expectations.

a) The purpose of a Method Statement is to outline the steps involved in completing a particular task or activity. It provides a systematic approach and addresses potential hazards and risks, ensuring that work is done safely and efficiently.

b) The operator of a piling rig needs to be competent and trained to operate the equipment safely. They should follow the guidelines set out in the Method Statement, which may include instructions for setting up and operating the rig, maintaining the equipment, and mitigating risks. It is crucial to adhere to safety protocols and procedures to minimize accidents and ensure the successful completion of the task.

a) The part of the piling rig that applies loading or pressure to the ground is the pile driving hammer or the drill bit, depending on the type of pile being installed.
b) To cope with the pressure, the ground should be prepared by removing any loose or weak soil. Additionally, a stable working platform needs to be established to support the weight of the rig. It is also important to monitor the ground conditions during the piling process to ensure stability and adjust the equipment if necessary.

1. Check for any visible signs of damage or wear on the tracks and running gear, such as cracks, dents, or excessive wear of the track pads.
2. Ensure that the tracks are properly tensioned according to the manufacturer's specifications, as loose tracks can affect the stability and performance of the piling rig.
3. Inspect the rollers, idlers, and sprockets for any signs of wear or misalignment. Replace any damaged or worn components as necessary.
4. Check that the track bolts and nuts are tightened to the recommended torque settings, as loose fasteners can lead to track misalignment or detachment.
5. Verify that the track shoes are clean and free from debris, as buildup can cause improper track alignment and affect the movement of the piling rig.

a) The operator should hold a class 2 licence to operate a piling rig and cross the public highway.
b) The minimum age allowed for operating a piling rig and crossing the public highway is 18 years old.

Gloves should be worn when checking the oil level using a dipstick on a piling rig that is bored below 20 tonnes to protect hands from potential oil contamination. This helps to prevent skin irritation or other health risks caused by direct contact with oil. It is a safety precaution commonly followed in the construction industry to promote worker well-being and compliance with health and safety regulations.

You should never position yourself between the piling rig and the power pack when towing because it can be dangerous if something goes wrong during the towing process. If the rig loses control or the power pack malfunctions, you could be seriously injured or even killed. It is essential to maintain a safe distance from the towing operation to protect yourself from any potential hazards.

The piling rig should not be parked in three places:
1. On any unstable or soft ground that could cause the machine to sink or tip over.
2. In close proximity to any power lines or overhead cables, as this can pose a safety risk.
3. Blocking any entrances, exits, or emergency routes that could impede the flow of people or vehicles in case of an emergency.

a) The minimum distances that any part of plant and machinery, including a piling rig, must be kept from overhead electricity lines are determined by safety regulations. These regulations vary depending on factors such as the voltage of the lines and the type of work being carried out. It is essential to consult the relevant regulations and guidance to determine the specific minimum distances required.
b) These distances must be maintained to ensure the safety of workers and prevent accidents. Proximity to overhead electricity lines increases the risk of electrocution, which can have severe consequences. The recommended distances help to minimize this risk by providing a buffer zone between the equipment and the live electrical lines.

Refuelling a piling rig at the end of the day ensures it is ready for use the next day. It prevents delays caused by running out of fuel during operations. Additionally, keeping the rig's fuel tank full helps to maintain optimal performance and prevents damage that may occur if the tank becomes partially empty, such as condensation and sediment accumulation. Overall, refuelling at the end of the day is a simple precaution to ensure uninterrupted operation and prolong the lifespan of the rig.

Besides the operator, other personnel who might need to refer to the piling rig's operator's manual could include maintenance technicians, supervisors, health and safety officers, or any other individuals responsible for overseeing or carrying out work involving the machine. This manual provides essential information about the rig's operation, safety procedures, maintenance requirements, and troubleshooting guidance. It is crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient use of the equipment, as well as facilitating proper maintenance and minimizing the risk of accidents or damage.

If the operator receives the words "STOP NOW" during the lift, they must immediately cease all operations and bring the piling rig to a halt. This is a critical safety procedure that must be followed to prevent accidents or potential harm to the crew or equipment. The operator should adhere to the instruction without delay and take the necessary steps to secure the rig and ensure no further lifting or movement occurs.

The purpose of a roll or ROPS (Roll Over Protective Structure) frame is to protect the operator of a piling rig in the event of a roll-over or tip-over accident. It is designed to provide a protective enclosure around the operator's cab, ensuring their safety during such incidents by preventing the cab from collapsing or being crushed. A ROPS frame is a crucial safety feature, minimizing the risk of injury or fatality for the piling rig operator.

Before piling can begin with a bored pile rig below 20 tonnes, certain tasks need to be completed. These tasks typically include site preparation, setting up access routes, ensuring ground stability, and conducting geotechnical investigations. These activities should be carried out by experienced professionals, such as geotechnical engineers, site managers, and construction crews, who are trained in the relevant techniques and have prior experience in piling operations. It is important to follow safe working practices and adhere to industry regulations during these preparations to ensure a smooth and successful piling process.

Before leaving the cab for a rest break, after parking and switching off the machine, you should engage the parking brake.

Before issuing a permit to dig for a piling rig bored below 20 tonnes, several checks and procedures are required. These include confirming the presence of underground utilities, conducting a geotechnical survey to assess soil conditions, and obtaining necessary permits for any restricted areas. The design of the piling rig and its equipment must also be reviewed and approved. In addition, a risk assessment and method statement should be prepared, ensuring that proper safety procedures are in place. Finally, appropriate personnel should be fully trained and competent to operate the piling rig safely.

A banksman or signaller must be used whenever a rig is being moved and there is a risk to individuals or property. This is to ensure safe movement and prevent accidents. The specific circumstances may vary, but it is generally recommended to use a banksman or signaller when visibility is limited, the rig is close to obstacles or people, or when the movement requires complex maneuvers. The banksman's role is to guide the driver, provide clear signals, and maintain communication to avoid any potential hazards.

The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify and evaluate potential hazards in order to prevent accidents and ill health in the workplace. It involves identifying hazards, assessing the likelihood and severity of harm, and implementing measures to control the risks. A risk assessment ensures compliance with health and safety regulations, protects workers, and reduces the likelihood of accidents. It also helps in prioritizing actions and allocating resources effectively. Piling rigs, particularly those bored below 20 tonnes, involve specific risks that need to be assessed and managed to ensure a safe working environment.

a) If part of the piling operation cannot be carried out as specified in the method statement, it needs to be paused until the issue is resolved or a solution is determined.

b) Any changes to the piling operation must be authorized by the project manager or a representative with the necessary authority.

Note: It is important to follow proper procedures and consult the relevant authorities to ensure compliance and safety during construction projects.

a) The lifting capacity of the rig winch refers to the maximum weight it can lift or pull when performing piling operations. It is important for ensuring safe and efficient lifting operations on the rig.

b) The manufacturer or supplier of the piling rig determines its lifting capacity. It is based on engineering specifications, design factors, and safety standards set by relevant industry regulations.

Always refer to the manufacturer's documentation and guidelines for accurate and up-to-date information on the lifting capacity of a piling rig winch.

When working in cellars or confined spaces with a piling rig bored below 20 tonnes, three precautions to avoid fume buildup are:
1. Ensure sufficient ventilation by using fans or extractors to circulate fresh air.
2. Use gas detectors to monitor fume levels in the area.
3. Use proper respiratory protection equipment such as masks or respirators. It is important to take these precautions to avoid fume buildup because accumulation of fumes can lead to hazardous conditions and pose a threat to the health and safety of workers, potentially causing respiratory issues or even asphyxiation.

1. Exceeding the maximum operating load capacity of the rig could cause it to topple over.
2. Unstable ground conditions, such as soft or water-saturated soil, can lead to rig overturning.
3. Incorrect positioning or improper alignment of the rig during operation may result in instability and potential overturning.
4. Failure to adhere to proper safety procedures, such as using appropriate outriggers or stabilizers, can increase the risk of overturning the rig.

Two different types of bored piling methods below 20 tonnes are Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) and Rotary Bored Piling. CFA uses a continuous flight auger to bore into the ground and simultaneously inject concrete. Rotary Bored Piling involves using a large rotary drill to create a hole in the ground, which is then reinforced with steel reinforcement cage and filled with concrete. Both methods are commonly used in piling operations and offer efficient solutions for foundations.

The figure for setting the track tension on a piling rig bored below 20 tonnes can be found in the Operator's Manual for the specific machine being used for the test. It is important that the candidate has access to the Operator's Manual for reference.

The Work at Height Regulations may apply to piling rig operations when
1. workers are performing tasks above ground level, such as when setting up or dismantling the rig, and
2. workers are accessing or working on the piling rig's platforms, walkways, or other elevated areas. These regulations aim to ensure the safety and prevention of falls from height by requiring appropriate planning, equipment, and training. Compliance with the regulations is essential to protect workers' wellbeing and avoid potential legal consequences.

According to PUWER 98 (Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998), the operator of a piling rig bored below 20 tonnes must be provided with adequate training, instruction, and supervision to ensure their competence when using the new model of rig. Other guidance, such as HSE publications, may also provide further requirements and recommendations regarding the operator's qualifications, experience, and familiarity with the equipment. It is essential to consult these sources to ensure compliance and promote safe operation.

In piling, 'refusal' refers to the point at which the piling rig cannot penetrate the ground further due to encountering a layer of soil or rock that is too hard or dense to bore through. At this stage, the piling rig is unable to advance any further, indicating that the required depth for the pile has not been reached.

To ensure verticality, the operator of a CFA (Continuous Flight Auger) piling rig typically relies on the rig's built-in level indicators and monitoring systems. These tools provide real-time feedback on the position of the auger, allowing the operator to make necessary adjustments. Additionally, the operator may employ laser-guided systems or inclinometers to further ensure verticality. It is crucial for the operator to maintain a constant watch on these indicators and make immediate corrections if any deviations from verticality are detected.

a) The responsibility for loading operations falls on the operator of the piling rig.
b) Before loading commences, the operator should consider the following actions:
1. Ensure that the transporter/trailer is capable of safely supporting the weight of the piling rig.
2. Securely fasten any loose components or attachments on the piling rig.
3. Confirm that the brakes, lights, and other essential safety features of the transporter/trailer are functioning properly.
4. Plan the loading process carefully to minimize any potential risks or hazards.

The purpose of a bored pile wall, whether it be contiguous piles or a secant wall, is to provide support and stability to an excavation or a structure. Contiguous pile walls are used when there is minimal ground movement allowed, while secant walls are employed when a water-tight barrier is necessary. Both types of bored pile walls are constructed by drilling holes and filling them with concrete or grout to create a continuous wall. This wall acts as a barrier against soil movement and water seepage, providing structural integrity and safeguarding surrounding areas.

The purpose of casings when piling or drilling with a rig below 20 tonnes is to provide support and stability to the hole being excavated. Casings are typically made of steel and are lowered into the hole as it is drilled or excavated. They help prevent the collapse of loose or unstable soil, ensuring that the excavation remains safe and secure. Casings also prevent soil and other debris from falling into the hole, which helps maintain the integrity of the pile or borehole.

Removing the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is overheating can be dangerous due to built-up pressure. Doing so could result in hot coolant and steam being released, potentially causing severe burns to anyone nearby. Additionally, sudden release of pressure may cause boiling coolant to spray out, leading to further injuries. It is crucial to allow the engine to cool down before attempting to remove any caps or perform maintenance. If the engine continues to overheat, it is advisable to contact a qualified professional to diagnose and rectify the issue.

The counterweight(s) on a piling rig serve to provide stability and balance during the drilling process. They help to offset the heavy loads and forces exerted by the rig and pile driving equipment. The counterweight(s) are positioned strategically to distribute the weight and prevent the rig from tipping over. This is particularly important when drilling below 20 tonnes, as the rig needs sufficient stability to ensure safe and accurate operation. In summary, the counterweight(s) are essential for maintaining the stability and balance of the rig during piling operations.